Dziko la zomera nthawi zambiri limagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Ndipo apa tidzakambirana imodzi mwa izi zodabwitsa mphatso zachilengedwe, kuyamikira chifundo ndi kukongola. Tidzakambirana za zomera zaku South Asia zomwe zimatchedwa Hirita, ndipo tiyang'anitsitsa malamulo oyang'anira kunyumba kwathu.
Kufotokozera
Hirita ndi yosatha kapena chaka chilichonse (malingana ndi mitundu ya zomera) ya banja la Hesnerian, lomwe lafalitsa malo ake m'madera otentha a m'chigawo cha South Asia. Pakati pa mayiko kumene kumakula kumaphatikizapo South China, India, Malay Peninsula, Sri Lanka, komanso zilumba za Java, Borneo ndi Sumatra. Hirita amasankha dothi la miyala yamchere ndi miyala, mapiri otsetsereka.
Monga lamulo, Hirita ali ndi razlapisty rosette ya masamba ambiri a oblong oval kapena mawonekedwe mawonekedwe. Nthawi zina pali zomera ziwiri kapena masamba ambiri. Kwenikweni, masambawa ndi ofalitsa, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi mitundu yosalala. Mapesi angapo, pamwamba pake ali ndi maluwa okongola ofiirira, achoka pamtunda wotere. Kuwonjezera pa mtundu uwu, masamba a masambawa akhoza kukhala a bluish, cornflower buluu komanso ngakhale pinki ndi nsalu zofiirira. Kawirikawiri, chomerachi chikufanana ndi violet yathu.
Mukudziwa? Ku Sri Lanka, masiku amodzi, kuwonjezera pa Loweruka ndi Lamlungu, ndi masiku a mwezi wathunthu.
Maluwa amenewa amafalitsidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mbewu kucha mu mabokosi apadera, omwe ndi zipatso zapadera.
Mitundu
Mitundu ina ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Hirite (mitundu yoposa 200), mitundu inayi imakhala ikukula pakhomo, ndipo tiyesa kufufuza zenizeni za mitundu iyi.
- Hirita Chinese, kapena, monga amatchedwanso, siliva, amasiyana ndi achibale awo ndi mitundu yosiyana ya masamba, omwe amamanga mtundu wawo wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira. Komanso, masamba a chomerachi amasonkhanitsidwa pakhomo ndipo amakhala ndi mapepala oposa oposa asanu ndi awiri. Izi ndizowoneka bwino, kutalika kwake sikuposa 15 centimita. Pali kuwala komwe pamakhala masamba ndipo zimayambira, ndipo pedicle wa chimbuzi chofiira kwambiri imakhala ndi maluwa osakhwima a violet, amasonkhanitsidwa ku inflorescences wa zidutswa zingapo. Mbalameyi imakondwera ndi maluwa ake m'chilimwe.
- Hirita Lavender amasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yapitayi, poyamba, muyeso yake. Kutalika kwa amene akuyimira zomerazo kumaposa chingwe cha masentimita 40. Nthawi yayitali zimayambira ndi zazikulu, zinyama, zobiriwira, masamba ovate. Masamba a m'munsi ndi aakulu kuposa apamwamba, ndipo mbali yowoneka bwino ya mtundu umenewu ndi kukana kwawo, ndiko kuti, kumbali zotsutsana za tsinde. Monga belu, maluwa a mitundu iyi ali pamwamba ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenera. Mtundu wawo nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira ndipo umaphatikizapo mdima wonyezimira komanso wofiira kapena wofiirira. Mitundu ya lavender imatulutsa nthawi ya chilimwe ndipo imasiya kuyang'ana pafupi ndi October, pamene, m'malo mwa maluwa okongola kwambiri, bokosi lalitali limapezeka (pafupifupi masentimita asanu) ndi mbewu zabwino.
- Hirita Microbanan ndi woimira chaka chimodzi wa banja la Gesnerian. Sizitali kwambiri (pafupifupi 20-25 sentimita). Thunthu lake liri ndi lalikulu razlapisty masamba ndi molondola-kutchulidwa khalidwe streaks of reddish tones. Pansi pa tsamba limakula pang'ono (mpaka mamita atatu) malanje-golide. Maluwa amapezeka m'miyezi ya chilimwe pamene usana umakhala wotalika.
- Hirita Thiamine zofanana kwambiri ndi violet, makamaka masamba, omwe amakhala amphongo aang'ono obiriwira obiriwira. Amasonkhanitsidwa pamtunda wachitsulo, womwe umakhala kutalika (masentimita oposa 20). 3-5 zazikulu za bluebells za mtundu woyera zomwe zili ndi buluu kapena zofiirira pafupi ndi khosi zili ndi zipilala zawo. Mtundu wa Hirite ukuphulika pa nthawi zosiyana za chaka, koma alibe mpumulo.
Kusamalira Zomera
Monga chomera china chilichonse, hirita amafunikanso kukhazikitsa ndi kusunga mikhalidwe yoyenera ya kundende ndi chisamaliro. Motsogoleredwa ndi malamulo omwe ali pansiwa, mukhoza kukula ndi kusunga m'nyumba mwako maluwa otentha.
Kuunikira
Muzisankha mtundu uliwonse wa Hirite, onse sagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuwala.
Ndikofunikira! Chomerachi sichimalola kuwala kwa dzuwa. Njira yopambana ingakhale yosiyana yochokera ku zenera lakummawa kapena kumadzulo kapena kuunikira kwina.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sikutheka kuchoka ku Hirita popanda kuunika konse, pakuti pakadali pano sichidzaphuka, posonyeza kuti ndi nyengo yozizira tsopano.
Pakati pa masana, ndifunikanso kuti mthunzi ukhale mthunzi, chifukwa pamene kuwala kwa dzuwa kuli kwakukulu, masamba a Hirite adzatembenukira chikasu ndi kupiringa, ndipo chomeracho chimatha kufa.
Kutentha
Ngati kuunikira kuli kovuta kwambiri, kumakhala kosalekeza mu ulamuliro wa kutentha. Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwapakati pamlengalenga mkati + 18 ... +25 madigiri adzakhala opambana. M'nyengo yozizira, imatha kukula ndikukula m'mavuto aakulu, mpaka kufika madigiri 15 degrees.
M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chiyenera kutetezedwa makamaka kuzithunzi, popeza kutentha kwakukulu ndi mafunde ozizira ozizira kungathe kuwononga mtsogoleri wa zomera.
Ngati m'nyengo yozizira kutentha kuli kokwanira (pamwamba pa madigiri a +18), ndiye Hirita adzaphuka bwino. Sili ndi nthawi yozizira kapena kuchepa ngati zimaperekedwa ndi zofunikira.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere zomera monga: juniper, lavender, rosemary, savory, fern Asplenium, thuja chipinda, mtengo wa khofi, azalea, kalanchoe, anthurium, geranium, orchid, spathiphyllum, violet, begonia kunyumba.
Nthaka
Monga mulingo woyenera komanso wosakanikirana, nthaka zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, phatikizani pepala, nthaka yofiira ndi mchenga mu chiwerengero cha 2: 1: 0.5. Njira ina yosonkhanitsira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka ndi osakaniza nkhuni, sod, humus nthaka ndi mchenga mu chiwerengero cha 2: 3: 1: 1. Monga kusakanikirana kwa nthaka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi la saintpaulia.
Pofuna kuteteza zowola ndi madzi a maluwa, zimalimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera makala angapo kumadzi ndi gawo lapansi. Mbali imeneyi imayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa a Hurmu kuwonjezera pa chinyezi.
Pezani chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri cha nthaka kwa zomera, momwe mungadziwire acidity ya nthaka pamtengowo, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.
Kuthirira
Pakati pa maluwa, ndi bwino kuthirira mbewu kamodzi pa masiku awiri, pamene ikufuna mphamvu yowonjezera ndi zakudya zomwe zimadzithandiza pa nthawi ino.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mumvetsetse kuti muyenera kuyamwa madzi otani, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti pamwamba pa nthaka muli nthawi yowuma pakati pa madzi. Njirayi idzakhala yabwino kwambiri ndipo siidzawatsogolera ku maonekedwe ndi mapulumukidwe a njira zowonongeka za maluwa.
Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira pansi kuti madzi asagwe pamasamba.
Kuwedza nthaka sikuli koopsa pa chomera, chifukwa cha masamba obiriwira omwe amateteza nthaka kuti asawume. Koma kumwa mowa kwambiri kumakhudza kwambiri mkhalidwe wa duwa.
Chinyezi
Wodzichepetsa ndi Hirita kuti akhale zizindikiro za chinyezi. Sichiyenera kukonzekera kupopera mankhwala, chifukwa izi zimawononga zomera, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa masamba. Mbaliyi ikufotokozedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mfuti yofewa pamwamba pa mapepala, omwe salola kuti madzi adziwe, ndiye chifukwa chake nkhungu ndi nkhungu zimawonongeka.
Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chachibadwa, muyenera kumwa madzi okhaokha. Ngati mukudandaula za iye panthawi yomwe simukukhalapo nthawi yaitali, mungathe kuyika mphika wa maluwa pachitayi ndi miyala yowonongeka kapena dothi lowonjezera. Izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa chinyezi muzitsamba zam'munda.
Monga kuvala pamwamba kwa zomera kumagwiritsanso ntchito: "Chunky", nitroammofosku, "Kemira", "Ammophos", biohumus.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kupangidwa m'chaka ndi chirimwe pamaso pa maluwa. Kwenikweni sankhani zonse feteleza kwa maluwa okhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Ndi bwino kuchepetsa feteleza wotere ndi madzi, chifukwa chinyezi zomerazo zimapeza zakudya ndi mavitamini mofulumira komanso mogwira mtima.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwaza feteleza sikungakhale kamodzi pamwezi, chifukwa kudyetsa kwambiri kungawononge Hiritu.
Kudulira
Kudulira sikunalangizidwa kuti uchite nthawi zambiri. Njira yabwino: isanayambe nyengo yobiriwira ndi maluwa, ndiko kuti, kumayambiriro kwa masika, kapena m'dzinja, pamene chomera sichimafalikira. Masamba owuma kapena achikasu ayenera kuchotsedwa. Lamulo lomwelo limagwiranso ntchito ku mapesi akufa. Kupanda kutero, nthawi zambiri sikoyenera kuchepetsa jiritu.
Panthawi yocheka, muyenera kumachita mosamalitsa komanso mosamala kuti musawononge masamba onse ndi ma pedicels, chifukwa ndi ofooka kwambiri.
Kuwaza
Hirita ndi chomera chosafuna kudzichepetsa ndipo sichifunika kuyika chaka chilichonse. Mukhoza kuchita mwambowu kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kuti mzerewo usakhale wochuluka kwambiri. Lamulo lokhalo limene liyenera kutsatiridwa: mlingo wa mphika uyenera kukhala wocheperapo ndi kukula kwake kwa masamba.
Mukudziwa? Mphika waukulu padziko lonse unapangidwa ndi manja mu 1985 ku Britain. Kutalika kwake kuli pafupi mamita awiri, ndipo chozungulira ndichoposa zisanu.
Kuswana
Mitundu yonse ya pachaka ndi yosatha ya Chihiritha ikhoza kubzalidwa pakhomo. M'munsimu muli zosankha zinayi zazikuluzikulu zobereketsera mbeu zachitsamba.
Mbewu
Imodzi mwa njira zotchuka kwambiri zobereketsera chirit ndi mbewu:
- Mbeu itabzala mu bokosi, imakololedwa ndikubzala pansi nthawi yozizira. Ndikofunika kuti asaike njere pansi, koma kuti asiye pamtunda, chifukwa ndikutuluka kwa Hirite.
- Kuchokera pamwamba, chidebecho chikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi kapu ya galasi kapena filimu yopangira filimu kuti apangitse kutentha ndi kutentha kwambiri.
- Nthaŵi zambiri, panthawi yomwe muwona kuti pamwamba pazitali za nthaka zakhala zouma, nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa.
- Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha kutentha kwa mphukira ya chirite chimachokera ku +25 mpaka +27 degrees.
- Pa tsiku la 13 kapena la 15, mbewuzo zidzamera. Kuyambira pano, kuthirira kumalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga syringe kapena syringe, kuti madzi asakhudze masamba a chomera ndipo samatsogolere ku njira zowonongeka.
- Kuthamanga kumayenera kuyamba pamene masamba enieni oyambirira akuwonekera mumphukira (poyamba ziphuphu ziwiri zimakula).
Ndikofunikira! Pakusankha mukuyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri ndi Hirits. Ngati mwangozi munaphwanya imodzi ya mapepala, ndiye kuti iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo malo owonongeka amwazidwa ndi makala opaka nkhuni.
Pambuyo pomaliza kukonza malo okhala, tsatirani malamulo a chisamaliro ndi kukonzekera omwe akufotokozedwa pamwambapa ndikukakula chomera chokongola ndi chokongola.
Cuttings
Njira yakukula cuttings ili ngati tsamba, Pano pali odulidwa a Hirite, odulidwa ndi owuma komanso ophimbidwa ndi fungicide, omwe alibe kuwonongeka kwa makina ndipo ali aang'ono (osapitirira chaka chimodzi) amabzalidwa pansi. Phesi yoteroyo imayenera kuthiriridwa, kuonetsetsa kuti dziko lapansi siluma kwambiri. Mukhozanso kupanga wowonjezera kutentha kwa filimu kapena polyethylene, kuyika maola 12 owala (mungathe kuphatikiza kuwala kwa masana ndi kuwala). Pansi pa zinthu zoyenera, phesi ngatilo lidzamera pafupifupi sabata lachisanu la kulima.
Pambuyo pa kulimbikitsa zomera zatsopano, zimatha kusamutsidwa bwinobwino kuti zikhale ndi zitsulo.
N'zotheka kuchita ntchito yofanana ndi madzi. M'madzi, phesi lidzakula miyezi ingapo, kenako mbeuyo iyenera kubzalidwa m'mbiya yokonzedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi bwino kuti cherenko hirita mu March-April, mu nkhani iyi, mutha kupeza maluwa pa chisanu chotsatira.
Makhalidwe a Leaf
N'zotheka kufalitsa chirita ndi cuttings masamba. Pofika pamapeto pake, sankhani zosiyana, zathanzi, zopanda kuwonekera kwa pepala. Iyo imasiyanitsidwa kuchoka pamtunda ndi tsamba, mdulidwewo wauma ndipo umayikidwa ndi fungicide. Kenaka, pepalayi imayikidwa mu chidebe chaching'ono pang'onopang'ono kapena kudula chapamwamba (kuteteza kukula kwa pepala palokha). Chikwama cha pulasitiki, filimu kapena galasi amaikidwa pamwamba pa chidebe ndikuchiyika pamalo otentha ndi pafupifupi kutentha pafupifupi 26% +. Ndi kuyatsa bwino (maola 12 pa tsiku) ndi kuthirira shank yoteroyo idzawuka miyezi 1-1.5. Pamene zimamera, amatha kukhala pamiphika yosiyana.
Zokondweretsa, koma ngakhale tsamba la masamba lingakhale chinthu chabwino kwambiri chochotsera zomera zatsopano. Pachifukwa ichi, pepala labwino ndi losasinthika limayikidwa ndi mbali yake pansi pamtunda wolimba. Pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba, iwo amadulidwa n'kupanga makilogalamu pafupifupi 5 kutalika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kudula kumapangidwa mozungulira mpaka pakati, kotero kuti mu gawo lirilonse pali gawo la pakati, lomwe lidzathandiza kuchepetsa, komanso mapiko awiri a mapiko pambali.
Ndikofunikira! Pakubereka kachilombo, njirayi sagwiritsira ntchito tsamba lochepetsetsa la tsamba.
Zotsatira zake zimabzalidwa pansi pamapopu osalimba pambali ya madigiri 45 ndipo pamtunda wa 3-4 masentimita. Kenaka zala zing'onozing'ono zozungulira zikuyenda pansi. Mutatha kukonza chidebecho ndi fungicide, mutha kuchitapo kanthu zowononga maonekedwe ndi chitukuko cha matenda a putrefactive.
Pambuyo pake, chidebecho chimayikidwa pamalo otentha ophimbidwa ndi wowonjezera kutentha zakuthupi (filimu, polyethylene kapena galasi). Ventilate tsiku lirilonse, sungani nthaka mu thanki ndi sitayi ndi madzi ndi gawo lapansi. Pambuyo pa masabata 6 mpaka 9, mudzawona mphukira.
Pasynkami
Njira yodziwika yoberekera kunyumba ndigwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi "children". Mukamera pa mayi amodzi, perekani mwayi wa masamba anayi oyambirira kupanga. Pambuyo pa izi, mukhoza kutsegula mwanayo kuchokera ku chitsamba chachikulu ndikumuika mu chidebe chosiyana.
Kuvuta kumakula
Mosasamala kanthu za kusamalidwa kosavuta, Hirita amafunanso chidwi kwambiri, mwinamwake mudzakumana ndi mavuto angapo. Tikaphatikiza mfundo zazikulu mndandanda wa nkhani zovuta ndi njira zawo:
- Poona madzi okwanira ochulukirapo, olemba angayambe kuvunda, Choncho, muyenera kutsatira mosamala malamulo a kuthirira: pa maluwa, perekani chomeracho ndi madzi osaposa kamodzi pa masiku awiri; nthawi zina mungathe kumwa madzi kamodzi pa sabata.
- Kuwonekera kwa mawanga ofiira aang'ono pa masamba a chomera kumasonyeza kuti maluwawo ankamwe madzi ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri. Nkofunika kuti kutentha kwa madzi sikunachepe kuposa madigiri 20.
- Ngati chirite amakula kumbali imodzi (monga lamulo, lomwe limatembenuzidwa ku gwero la kuwala), limatanthauza kuti ilo liribe kuwala kokwanira ndipo nthawi zonse liyenera kutembenuzidwa mbali zosiyanasiyana kumbali ya dzuwa.
- Masamba akhoza kuuma m'magawo awiri: kaya ndi njira yachibadwa yokalamba ndi kufota, kapena atenthedwa ndi dzuwa. Njira imodzi, tsamba lokhudzidwa liyenera kuchotsedwa.
- Ngati pangakhale kuwonongeka kwa makina kapena kuswa kwa pepala, chotsani zinthu zomwe zawonongeka m'dothi ndikuziwaza ndi makala amoto.
Pano, mwinamwake, mavuto onse akuluakulu omwe angabwere pazinyama zanu zakutentha.
Mukudziwa? Ku Japan, makala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, mwachitsanzo, amawonjezeredwa ku mafuta ophika.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Koma sizingowonongeka mu kuthirira kapena kuunikira kungakhudze thanzi la zomera. Mphamvu zachilengedwe, monga matenda omwe amabwera ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana, zingathandizenso. Hiriti nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa ndi nthenda yamatsenga, nthata, nkhono, whitefly ndi thrips.
- Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa chishango. Pachifukwa ichi, mungapeze kumbuyo kwa nsalu zofiirira (izi ndi kamba ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda), ndipo masamba a mbeu yanu adzaphimbidwa ndi maluwa okongola komanso owopsa. Mukalephera, mukhoza kubweretsa pakhomo lanu ngakhale zotsatira zazikulu mu mawonekedwe ndi chitukuko cha bowa wakuda. Pofuna kupewa izi, gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. ("Aktellik", "Aktara") kapena kuchotsani tizilombo tokha pogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zomwe zilipo (kalemba la mano, cotton swab).
- Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mealybugs. Kupeza tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi kosavuta, chifukwa zomera zimakhala ndi timagulu tazoyera, monga ubweya wa thonje kapena moss. Pakhoza kukhalanso ndi chipika chokhazikika. Polimbana ndi tizilombo, mungagwiritse ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwewo ("Biotlin", "Fitoverm") kapena gwiritsani ntchito njirayi.
- Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa nthata za kangaude. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timachokera ku tsamba ndipo timayambitsa chikasu ndi youma. Komanso kumbuyo kwa pepala mudzawona kabubu kakang'ono. Tizilombo tingathe kuwonongeka ndi mankhwala opopera mbewu. ("Neoron", "Karbofos") kapena zothetsera sopo. Koma pamanja simungathe kuthana ndi nkhupakupachifukwa ndi yaing'ono kwambiri ndipo pafupifupi yosaoneka ndi diso.
- Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa thrips. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timachoka kumalo oyera, omwe amatha kuona ngati mukuyang'ana pansi pa tsamba la zomera. Kulimbana ndi iwo kumaphatikizapo kupopera mankhwala ndi njira zenizeni ("Bankol", "Vermitek").
- Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa whitefly. Ngati mitambo ya mapiko a white-winged midge ikuzungulira zomera zanu, zikutanthawuza kuti chiweto chanu chinakanthedwa ndi whitefly, yomwe ingagonjetsedwe ndi mankhwala apadera (Akarin, Aktara).
Hirita ndi imodzi mwa zomera zomwe zimakula kwambiri kunyumba. Sizongokondweretsa zokhazokha ndi masamba osakanikirana a masamba, komanso zimakokera maso ndi masamba okongola kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale maluwawa ali kutali kwambiri ndi zovuta zoweta zoweta, zikufunikanso kutsata malamulo ndi ndondomeko za chisamaliro, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka. Koma ngati mumatsatira malamulowo, mudzasintha njira yakukula, kusamalira ndi kuswana Hirits muzochita zowonongeka zomwe zingakupangitseni chimwemwe.
Mayankho ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
