Dera lirilonse liri ndi nyengo yake yokha ya masamba opatsa. Osati kale kwambiri, kunali kosatheka kuganiza kuti mukukula mumtsinje wa tsabola wotchedwa thermophilic wa ku Bulgaria. Koma ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji yaulimi ndi kuswana mitundu, izi zakhala zenizeni. Komabe, kuti mutenge tsabola wabwino, nkofunika kuyamba kukonzekera kubzala kwake kuyambira nyengo yozizira. M'nkhani ino tidzakhala tikudziŵa bwino za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuyi ndi malamulo a kulima kwake mumtsinje.
Mitundu ya tsabola yotsutsa chifukwa cha nyengo ya mitsinje
Kusankha tsabola zosiyanasiyana za belu ku dera la Ural, ndi bwino kupatsa mitundu yoyamba ndi ya pakati pa nyengo yomwe ikukula masiku 90-130.
Akatswiri azaulimi amalimbikitsa mitundu yotsatirayi:
- "Kolobok" - amadziwika ndi tchire ting'onoting'ono ndi tsabola ndi masentimita 85 g, imakula bwino mu nyengo yotentha ndi yotseguka pansi;
- "Topolyn" - Tchire tating'ono timabereka zipatso ndi tsabola zazikulu zofiira 120-gramu ndi zotchulidwa kukoma, zomera zimabzalidwa pa trellis;
- "Woyamba wa Siberia" - nyengo yapakatikati zosiyanasiyana ndi zomera kutalika kwa 50 cm, zipatso zolemera 50 g, mtundu umasintha kuchokera ku chikasu mpaka wofiira;
- "Siberia" - nyengo yapakatikati zosiyanasiyana, chitsamba cham'mwamba kufika 50 cm, zipatso zazikulu zimakhala zolemera 120 g, zabwino kumera m'nyumba zobiriwira, ngakhale popanda kutentha;
- "Montero" - Kalasi yoyamba yakucha, kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi, tsabola wofiira kwambiri pafupifupi masekeli 65 g, m'mitsinjeyi imakulira mumkhalidwe wa wowonjezera kutentha;
- "Apainiya" - masiku pafupifupi 120 amafunika kuti akhwime msinkhu, mtengo wambiri wolemera ndi 60 g;
- "Winnie the Pooh" - nyengo zoyamba kucha, nyengo ya zomera ndi pafupi masiku makumi awiri, zipatso zapsa nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimakhala bwino nthawi yokolola;
- "Bogatyr" - pakatikati pa nyengo nyengo zosiyanasiyana, chimodzi mwazofanana kwambiri ndi dera, kulemera kwake kwa chipatso ndi pafupifupi 150 g, kumakula bwino mu nyengo yotentha ndi pansi;
- "Bulu" - nyengo ya pakati, mitundu yambiri ya chikasu ndi tsabola wofiira imakula mpaka 200 g. Kwa nyengo ya Ural izi zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa tsabola kunapezeka m'makalata a ku India olembedwa zaka zoposa 3000 zapitazo. M'nthaŵi zakale, iye anali ngati msonkho kwa anthu ogonjetsedwa. Choncho, pofuna kuimitsa kuukira ku Roma, Aroma akale analipira olamulira wa Hun Attila ndi mtsogoleri wa Visigoth wa Alaric I matani ambiri a tsabola wakuda.
Mmene mungamere mbande zapamwamba kunyumba
Pepper ndi kwambiri thermophilic chikhalidwe ndipo amakula kokha kuchokera mbewu kumunda kumwera zigawo. Ndipo pofuna kukula mbande zamphamvu, zomwe zimadzetsa zokolola zambiri, nkofunika kuti muyende bwino zonse za agrotechnical - kuyesa mbewu ndi kusamalira mbande.
Nthawi yobzala mbewu
Chifukwa cha nyengo yamakono ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mbeu za mbande zimabzalidwa bwino kuyambira nthawi ya pakati pa makumi awiri ndi awiri. Kenaka adzakhala ndi nthawi yoti amere bwino ndikupeza mphamvu zofunikira kuti agwe pansi.
Kusakaniza kwa nthaka
Pofesa mbewu, muyenera kugula gawo lapansi la nthaka kuti mukhale ndi mbande za tsabola m'masitolo apadera. Komabe, nthaka yodulidwa nthawi zina imadetsedwa ndi feteleza, zomwe zimayambitsa "kuyaka" kwa mbande. Choncho, kuti musadandaule za ubwino wa nthaka, mukhoza kukonzekera nokha.
Phunzirani momwe mungakonzekerere dothi la mbande, ngati mungamere mbande m'makaseti, momwe mungaperekereredwe, momwe mungapulumutsire danga mukamabzala mbande, momwe mungamere mbande ndi pepala la chimbudzi, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mbande.
Kuti muchite izi, sungani mchenga wofanana, nthaka, peat ndi humus. Kapena ayi, mchenga wa mchenga ndi peat mofanana ndi kutsanulira chifukwa kusakaniza khumi malita a madzi ndi 30 g wa superphosphate, 30 g wa potaziyamu sulphate ndi 10 g wa urea.Musayambe kuwononga nthaka yomwe idagulidwa, koma ndibwino kuti mutenge nthaka yanu yokhala ndi potassium permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate) komanso kuonjezeranso mankhwala enaake. Kuchotsa malungo koteroko kumatengedwa kuti ndi kosavuta komanso nthawi imodzi yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri. Mu lita imodzi ya madzi otentha ayenera kusungununkhika supuni imodzi ya potaziyamu permanganate, kutsanulira njira iyi pansi ndipo mulole kuti iume.
Akukula
Kwa kukula mbande mungagwiritse ntchito mphamvu iliyonse, kuphatikizapo mapiritsi a peat. Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo ndi bokosi lamatabwa, lopangidwa mkati ndi pulasitiki ndikulinganiza kukula kwawindo lawindo.
Komabe, kuti asamapitirize kuyenda, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mizu ya zomera, akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa kuti mubzala mbewu mu makapu osiyana.
Phunzirani mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mbewu, nthawi yofesa mbewu, momwe mungadyetse mbande, momwe mungapewere mbande za tsabola, momwe mungagwirire malo otseguka, momwe mungakhalire baka, momwe mungamwetse tsabola, momwe mungapewere matenda a tsabola.
Mapiritsi a peat ndi njira yabwino komanso yothandiza kukula mbande, koma ndizoyamba, zodula. Ndipo kachiwiri, m'pofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi chizikhala mwa iwo, chifukwa chakuti osakwanirira madzi okwanira, mchere umatayika mosavuta mu mtanda umodzi wokha, ndipo ngati uli wochulukirapo, nkhungu imapezeka mwamsanga.Mwa njira, musanadzalemo, zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi njira yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tisanyamule matenda kapena tizilombo toonongeka kuchokera kumayambiriro ambuyomu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati tsabola zokoma ndi zowawa zimakula panthawi imodzimodzi, ndiye kuti ndizofunika kuzibzala m'magetsi osiyanasiyana, komanso pamalo otseguka - pamtunda wapatali. Popeza tsabola yotentha imatha kutulutsa phokoso, n'chifukwa chiyani kukoma kwa tsabola kotsitsa kunachepa kwambiri.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Musanafese tsabola, muyenera kuyesetsa kuchotsa ndi kuchotsa mbewu zonse zosawerengeka. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuyang'ana nyemba kuti imere, chifukwa izi zilowerere m'madzi kutentha kapena mchere wofooka. Zotsatira zake, mbewu zabwino zidzakhala pansi, ndipo zopanda kanthu zidzayandama pamwamba. Mwachidziwikire, mbewu zokha pansizi zimabzalidwa. 
Phunzirani zambiri za stratification ya mbewu.Powathandiza kuti ayambe kumera, kuthira madzi ofunda kwa mphindi pafupifupi 20 ndikuwatumizira ku firiji kapena m'chipinda chosungira madzi tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mbewuzo zimachizidwa ndi zokopa zowonjezera zowonjezera "Epinom" kapena "Zircon" malinga ndi malangizo okonzekera.
Kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mungagwiritse ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
- kutsanulira iwo ndi ofooka njira ya phulusa;
- Kutentha njere mumadzi otentha pafupifupi theka la ora (pafupifupi 55 ° C);
- Kwa maola atatu tiwatseni mu peyi ya anyezi (mankhusu pang'ono pa lita imodzi ya madzi).
Kufesa mbewu
Nthaka yokonzedweratu imatsanulidwira mu thanki, pansi pake pomwe madzi akuyikidwa (1.5-2 cm). Pogwiritsira ntchito chidebe chimodzi, nyembazo zimabzalidwa pamtunda wa masentimita awiri ndi mzake ndikukhala mzere wa masentimita asanu 5. Kuzama kwa kubzala ndi pafupifupi masentimita awiri.
Mukamabzala mu makapu osiyana, zidutswa 2-3 zimayikidwa mmodzi. mbewu. Pogwiritsira ntchito mapiritsi a peat, tsitsani madzi okwanira ndi madzi, dikirani kutupa, ndikulitsani mabowo kumtunda ndi 1.5 masentimita ndikuyika mbewu kumeneko. Lembani zitsime ndi zakudya zosakaniza, zindikirani teyala ndi chivindikiro kapena thumba la pulasitiki. 
Phunzirani mwatsatanetsatane za makhalidwe a tsabola Ratunda, Spark, Gemini, Antey, Belozerka, Anastasia, Soloist, Chozizwitsa cha Golden, Swallow, Kakadu, khutu la ng'ombe, Zozizwitsa za Orange.
Kumera zinthu
Mutabzala mbeu zimathiridwa bwino ndi madzi ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi. Kukula mbande zabwino, kubzala matanki ayenera kukhala malo ofunda ndi okongola. Ndibwino kuti kutentha kwa masana kukhala + 23 ... +26 ° C, ndipo usiku - osati pansi + 20 ° C.
Mabulosi a tsabola amaoneka pafupifupi masiku 5-7, pambuyo pa kumera kwa mbande filimuyo kapena galasi imachotsedwa.
Kusamalira mmera
Kwa masiku atatu kapena asanu oyambirira, mbande za m'tsogolo sizifuna kuthirira, monga zidabzalidwa mu nthaka yonyowa. Pakubwera tsamba loyamba muyenera kumwa madzi tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipo pamene mbande zikukula pang'ono, ziyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka ndi kupuma kwa masiku 4-5.
Sitiyenera kuiwala za kudyetsa zomera, timapanga magawo awiri: pambuyo pa masamba 2-4 oyambirira komanso pambuyo pa masamba asanu ndi atatu pa mphukira iliyonse. Mukayamba kudya 5 malita a madzi, onjezani 10 g wa urea ndi potassium sulphate ndi 30 g wa superphosphate.
Pafupifupi, mphukira imodzi imadya 100 ml ya chakudya chamadzi. Gawo lachiŵiri nthawi zambiri limagwirizana ndi kukolola ndi kugwera pa sabata la 2-3 patatha chakudya choyamba. Manyowa omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mobwerezabwereza. 
Kuti asakonzekere feteleza okha, angathe kugula m'masitolo apadera. Musaiwale kumwa madzi tsabola mutatha kudya ndikuonetsetsa kuti feteleza sagwera pamasamba awo. Mbewu mu mapiritsi a peat sasowa chakudya china chowonjezera.
Ndi masamba oyambirira 4-5 oyambirira, tsabola amasankhidwa ndi kubzalidwa miphika yosiyana. Amaluwa ena amakhulupirira kuti sitejiyi ikhoza kunyalanyazidwa ndikudumphira musanadzalemo pamalo osatha. Mukamawombera bwino ndi bwino kuchotsa pansi ndi mphukira zingapo nthawi yomweyo komanso mosamala, kuti musawononge mizu, kuti muwalekanitse ndi manja anu.
Mavuto angakhale ndi kusamalira mbande:
- Kulephera kwa kuwala kumabweretsa kukulitsa kwa mbewu;
- kuthirira kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a fungal;
- Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumayambitsa kuyanika ndi kupotoza masamba.
Mukudziwa? Tsabola wobiriwira ali ndi vitamini C (ascorbic acid) kwambiri kuposa mandimu. Hafu ya kukula kwa tsabola imadzaza chakudya chake tsiku ndi tsiku kufunikira kwa thupi la munthu. Komabe, pa nthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha, vitamini C yawonongedwa, choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso izi mwatsopano.
Mbeu zovuta
Pafupi masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-14) musanayambe kutuluka, muyenera kuchotsa mbande. Chomwe chimakonzedwa pawindo ndi mawindo otsegulidwa kapena opangidwa pa khonde lamoto.
Ndikofunika kuti mbeu izi zisakhalebe pang'onopang'ono, kunja kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha kwa nthaka sikunachepe kuposa madigiri 15 Celsius. Njira imeneyi idzalola zomera kuti zizoloweretsedwe ndi mpweya woyandikana nawo komanso kuti zisamapanikizike kwambiri pozindikira kuti zimayenda pansi.
Kudzala mbande zako pa malo osatha
Zaka za mbande zopatsidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala miyezi iwiri yokha. Nthawi yabwino yodzala poyera - kumayambiriro kwa June, pamene palibe mantha a chisanu. Mpweya wobiriwira ukhoza kubzalidwa pang'ono - kale mkati mwa May.
Ambiri okalamba okoma tsabola ndi osakaniza mbeu - mbatata, tomato ndi tsabola otentha. Nyemba, nyemba, nandolo, anyezi, kaloti, nkhaka ndi kabichi zimaonedwa kuti ndi zabwino. Ndizolinso zabwino ngati udzu wosatha unayamba kukula pa chiwembucho. 
Mu wowonjezera kutentha
Chifukwa chodzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthaka yochepetsetsa yokhala ndi mchere wosalowerera ndale imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutentha kosachepera kuposa 15 ° C. Mlengalenga ayenera kutenthedwa kuchokera ku +20 ° C ndi pamwamba.
Chida chotsata chotsatirachi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito: tepi iwiri iwiri ndi mamita 40 cm ndi mtunda pakati pa zomera za 20-25 masentimita ndi kusiyana kwa masentimita 80 pakati pa mizera. Pamene tchire chikukula, amangirika, pamtengo mpaka pamene nthambi yoyamba imatha ndipo masamba amachotsedwa.
Mu nthambi yoyamba, maluwa amachotsedwa, mphukira ziwiri zimakhalabe, pamene zikukula, mphukira imodzi yolimba imasiyidwa pa nthambi iliyonse, ndipo yofooka imachotsedwa pambuyo pa mphukira yoyamba. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi isanafike mapeto a nyengo, nsonga za mphukira zonse zimaphatikizidwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa kukula, tchire timadyetsedwa ndi nitrojeni feteleza, ndipo panthawi ya fruiting m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera okhala ndi phosphorus ndi potaziyamu.
Chifukwa cha nyengo zomwe zili m'derali komanso kuti nthawi zina chisanu chimachitika, nyumba zina zowonjezera zimaperekedwa mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha. Zingakhale zida zowonjezera. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, usiku, kufikira nyengo itatha. 
Ndikofunikira! Tsabola wokoma kwambiri ku Bulgaria ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino komanso chosasangalatsa, musaiwale za kumwa kwake nthawi zonse ndi kumasula. Pamene kukolola zipatso zakukoma kumadulidwa ndi tsinde, choncho amasungidwa bwino.
Poyera
Zinthu zovuta za nyengo zimapindula pang'onopang'ono ndi nthaka, yomwe ili ndi pH yandale ndipo imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zakuthupi. Pepper amamva bwino mu dothi lotayirira loamy. Kumbukirani kuti iye sakonda chilengedwe cha acidic, kotero mukhoza kuwonjezera ufa wa choko kapena dolomite kuchepetsa acidity. Izi ndizothandiza, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, zachilengedwe ndi zotetezedwa.
Musanabzala, nthaka iyenera kukonzekera pakukumba pamodzi ndi mchenga kuwerengera - chidebe cha mchenga pamtunda wa mita imodzi. Chibulgaria tsabola amagwirizana bwino ndi malo opanda drafts. Njira yabwino yoyenera kubzala: pakati pa mbande ikhale yotsala pafupifupi theka la mita, pakati pa mizere 60-70 masentimita. Chifukwa chaichi, mutabzala mitundu yayitali pamtunda wa malo ayenera kukhala 4-5 tsabola, ndi pansi - zisanu ndi chimodzi. 
Nthawi yoyamba mutabzala pamalo otseguka, tsabola ayenera kutetezedwa powaphimba usiku ndi agrotex kapena spunbond zakuthupi. Pambuyo polimbikitsa kuteteza tchire sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Tchire wamkulu ayenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka pafupifupi kamodzi pa masiku khumi. Katatu kapena kasanu pa nyengo ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza omwe ali ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere maapulo, mapeyala, tomato, nkhaka, spirea, clematis, seti anyezi, astilba, gladioli mumtsinje.Kumadera akum'mwera kwa tsabola wa ku Bulgaria wakula paliponse ndipo popanda mavuto ambiri. Koma ngakhale kuti nyengo ya Ural ndi yovuta, ndi malamulo onse obzala ndi kusamalira, mukhoza kukolola zipatso zabwino zokoma ndi zokometsetsa ndikukondweretsani nokha ndi banja lanu ndi vitamini saladi yabwino kwambiri pa tsabola wamkulu wokhala ndi manja anu.
Video: momwe mungamere tsabola kumpoto
Ndipo chachiwiri, ngati muli ndi wowonjezera kutentha MWACHIKHALA NDIPO KUNALI Kuwala, ndiye sikumayambiriro kwambiri
