Pafupifupi aliyense wa ife m'moyo wathu adayesa zipatso ngati mphesa. Koma kodi ndi chipatso, monga momwe enafe timakonda kuwerenga, popeza pali malingaliro ambiri otsimikizira kuti mphesa ndi zipatso. Izi zikuyenera, mwina, kuti pali kusintha kwa malingaliro: amatchedwa mabulosi, koma mphesa zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera mmenemo zimatengedwa kuti ndi zipatso zouma. Kuti mudziwe molondola zomwe ziridi, ganizirani mbiri ndi zochitika za mawu omwe adzamveketse nkhaniyi.
Mbiri ya mphesa
Mphesa amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zakale kwambiri. Mbiri yake imayamba zaka zoposa 60 miliyoni zapitazo, ngakhale kuti zinyama zinkafalikira pa dziko lapansi ngakhale zisanachitike. M'masiku amenewo, iwo anayamba kukula mochuluka, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi archaeologists amapeza jugs, zithunzi ndi mbale zina ndi mafano ake. 
Mwachitsanzo, zikho zakale ndi mbale zololedwa pazopezeka nthawi zambiri ku Georgia.
Malo obadwira mabulosi awa akadali Asia. Posachedwapa, mphesa zafalikira ku Ulaya konse. Aliyense amadziwa madyerero achiroma ndi achigiriki, kumene kunali kosatheka kuchita popanda vinyo ndi mphesa.
Pambuyo pake, chikhalidwe cha kulima kwake chifalikira ku America, ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe idadyedwa ndi Amwenye. Panthawi ya chikomyunizimu, mitundu ya ku Ulaya inabweretsedwa ku gawo la North America yamakono, popeza anali abwino kwambiri kupanga vinyo.
Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuti muphunzire za ubwino ndi zowawa za mbewu za mphesa, momwe masamba a mphesa amathandizira, kaya vinyo wofiira ndi othandiza, phindu ndi zovulaza za madzi a mphesa, zomwe zingakhale zovulaza, ndi zomwe zimapindulitsa pa mphesa zakuda.
Zolemba zamatumizi
Kubwereranso ku funso lofunika, ili ndi chipatso kapena mabulosi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mawu aŵiri onsewa. Pali malingaliro angapo omwe amathandiza kudziwa mphesa zomwe ziri. 
Ndikofunikira! Kuchokera ku lingaliro la zomera, zipatsozo ndi mbali ya chipatso ndipo ndi za iwo. Iwo ali mbewu ndi zamkati koma woonda peelkuposa zipatso.
Chifukwa chiyani zipatso za mphesa zipatso
M'chinenero chathu, mawu oti "chipatso" ndi "chipatso" akhoza kufanana ndikutsatizana. Nthawi zina, imodzi yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, "zipatso za mtengo", popeza palibe amene amati "zipatso za mtengo".
"Zipatso" zimatengedwa kuti ndilo mau a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi a tsiku ndi tsiku, "chipatso" chimatanthawuza mawu olondola a botanic ndi otsimikiziridwa.
Mu dikishonale ya botanali pali tanthawuzo lotere la chipatso - gawo la chomera chomwe chimayamba kuchokera ku duwa, ndi mbewu mkati. Kawirikawiri, zipatso zimatchedwanso zipatso, monga momwe zimadziŵika bwino m'zinenero zamasiku onse. 
Chifukwa chiyani zipatso za mphesa zipatso
Buku lotanthauzira maumboni limanena kuti mabulosi ndi chipatso chamkati, khungu lakuda ndi mbewu mkati. Ponena za dikishonale ya Ozhegov, mungathenso kutanthauzira mabulosi monga chipatso chokula pa zitsamba ndi zitsamba, komanso zomera za herbaceous.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire madzi a mphesa, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito vinyo wosasa, momwe mungapangire zoumba ku mphesa.
Mawu akuti "mabulosi" amatanthauza chipatso chokhala ndi mbewu zambiri, zipatso zamkati zowonjezera komanso zipatso. Pa nthawi yomweyi, palibe mawu monga zipatso mu botanical - akukongoletsedwa ku Polish, amatanthauza chipatso chosakanikirana ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchula zipatso zazikulu.
Choncho, mphesa, malinga ndi malingaliro ameneŵa, zikhoza kuonedwa ngati mabulosi basi.
Mukudziwa? Anatsutsa kuti ngati pali mphesa zambiri - akhoza kukula mwamphamvu. Ichi ndi nthano chabe. Ndipotu zipatso za mphesa zimachulukitsa njala komanso zimalimbikitsa chakudya, koma kulemera kumapindula chifukwa cha chakudya chodyedwa.
Kotero kumapeto: mabulosi kapena zipatso?
Popeza chipatsocho chili ndi tsabola wambiri, mbeu zing'onozing'ono ndi zowutsa mudyo, ndizo za zipatso. Ndipo pofuna kulimbikitsa zotsatira za chidziwitso chatsopano, tiyeni tipite ku malo ophikira m'mimba: mphesa ndi zipatso, chifukwa zili ndi kukula kwake kochepa.
Zina zowonjezera: Kodi mphesa ndi mtengo kapena shrub?
Ngakhale anthu ambiri anganene motsimikiza kuti chomeracho ndi shrub, ndipo dzina lakuti "chitsamba cha mphesa" chathazikika pakati pa anthu, komabe si shrub, ndipo ngakhale si mtengo weniweni. Mphesa - ndi mpesa, kapena mmalo mwa mpesa wobiriwira pansi pa dzina lachilatini lakuti Vitis.
Liana iyi yosatha imatha kufika mamita 20-25 mu msinkhu ndipo imamangirira ku chithandizo mothandizidwa ndi nyamakazi. Liana ndi zomera zomwe zimakonda kutentha, choncho zimakula m'mayiko otentha.
Koma lero pali mitundu yoipa ya mipesa yomwe siikufuna kwambiri nyengo ya nyengo ndipo ikhoza kukulira m'madera ozizira. 
Gwiritsani ntchito ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphesa
Zipatso zili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Sikuti amangogwiritsa ntchito zamkati, komanso mafupa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu cosmetology ndi chithandizo cha khungu. Ndicho chigawo chachikulu cha makampani a vinyo. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika mbale kapena kukongoletsa mbale.
Mukudziwa? Mbali zonse za mphesa zimathandiza - osati zipatso zokha, komanso masamba ndi nkhuni. Pali zinthu monga ampelotherapy, yomwe ndi mbali ya mankhwala omwe amachiza matenda aakulu ndi mphesa.
Akuphika
Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madzi ndi kupanikizana. Aliyense amadziwanso zipatso zoumba zoumba zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, kupanga saladi ndi mbale zina.
Zakudya zosakaniza kapena zofukiza zimakonzedwa ndi iye, nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa ngati zokongoletsera zamadzi ozizira ndi ma jellies. Vinyo wosasa wa vinyo amafunikanso, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ophika ambiri mu mbale zazikulu zosiyanasiyana. 
Mu kupindula
Palibe chomwe munganene pano - mphesa ndizofunikira kwambiri pa winemaking. Pa nthawi yomweyo, palibe chiwerengero chenicheni cha miyambo yomwe ilipo lerolino - ilipo oposa zikwi zisanu, ngakhale kuti onse sali oyenerera kupanga vinyo.
Pokonzekera vinyo, mitundu ya mphesa monga Pinot Noir, Harold, Jupiter, Tason ndi Isabella imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Kuti apange zakumwa, pafupifupi mitundu ya zana yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu amatengedwa kuti apange vinyo wofiira, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ali loyera. Kusankha kwawo kumadalira osati chakumwa kokha, komanso kukoma, maluwa, maluwa ndi mbuyo.
Mphesa yamphesa yotchuka kwambiri ndi Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Sangiovese, Syrah, kapena Shiraz, ndi ena. Mitengo ya mphesa yoyera ndi yoyenera: Chardonnay, Muscat, Riesling ndi ena. 
Mitundu yonse ikhonza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi:
- Vinyo amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo ndi tincture, omwe amadziwika ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo tochepa.
- Canteens - gulu lalikulu, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu yayikulu. Ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaulere.
- Kuyanika, kumene kukonzekera zoumba. Akhoza kukhala oyera kapena amdima. Gululo ndiloling'ono kwambiri.
- Zonse, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zakumwa, ndi kudya.
Kuti apange vinyo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Ulaya mitundu ya zipatso zotere.
Mukhozanso kupanga maula vinyo, wakuda currant vinyo, rasipiberi vinyo, vinyo chokeberry, apulo vinyo, ananyamuka petal vinyo.
Mu mankhwala
Zipatso zili ndi zakudya zochuluka kwambiri, kuphatikizapo fiber ndi mavitamini a magulu P ndi B. Komanso zipatsozi ndi pectin ndi beta-carotene. Mankhwala othandiza, monga tartaric, amber, citric ndi malic, amapezedwanso pano kwambiri. 
Apa palinso ayodini, potaziyamu, manganese, fluorine, chitsulo komanso zigawo zambiri zothandiza.
N'chifukwa chake mphesa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:
- mtima;
- mavuto a m'mimba;
- impso ndi matenda a chiwindi;
- Matenda opatsirana ndi odwala matendawa;
- masewera a mphumu.
Komanso, mphesa zimaperekedwa kwa amayi apakati, monga pali zigawo zambiri zomwe amafunikira. Ndibwino kuti mutenge nthawi yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito maganizo, pamene mwanayo amakula bwino kukumbukira ndikukula bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale mphesa zili zothandiza kwambiri, muyenera kufunsa dokotala musanayambe kumwa mankhwala. Kuwonjezera apo, sizingatengedwe kwa anthu omwe ali ndi asidi akulu m'mimba, shuga ndi matenda oopsa.
Mu cosmetology
Mu cosmetology, mafuta a mphesa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito zamagetsi zimasungidwa mwa iwo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga antioxidant ndi njira zabwino zowonjezera mitsempha ya mitsempha.
Amakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potikita minofu monga maziko a mafuta onunkhira. Chidachi chimathandiza kubwezeretsa kutuluka kwa khungu, kumenyana ndi kutentha, ndipo kumachiza msanga khungu. Komanso, mafutawa akuphatikizidwa mu mankhwala ovuta okhudza matenda a khungu. 
Mu zakudya
Zipatso zili ndi shuga wochuluka kwambiri, choncho zimakhutitsa njala komanso zimapatsa mphamvu. Pa magalamu 100 a mphesa zoyera, pafupifupi makilogalamu 40, wofiira - 65 malori.
Sichikulimbikitsani kulemera, koma chimakula kudya. Zambiri zoterezi zidzakhala zabwino - 15 zipatso tsiku, ndiye sipadzakhalanso kulemera kwa mphesa.
Mphesa si zokoma zokoma komanso zokoma, komanso zipatso zabwino. Zimaphatikizapo chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinthu zomwe sizigwiritsidwe kokha kuphika, komanso mankhwala komanso mafakitale ena. Ndipo ponena za funso, ili ndi mabulosi kapena chipatso, tingathe kunena kuti mphesa ndi mabulosi.
