Maloto a dziwe lapadera amapezeka kawirikawiri ndi eni nyumba kapena nyumba zapanyumba. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kumanga kwake ndi nthawi yowonongeka, yovuta, yamtengo wapatali, yofuna zipangizo zamakono ndi zipangizo. Komabe, n'zosatheka ndi maluso osachepera a ntchito yomangamanga ndi kupezeka kwa zipangizo zina, kumanga nkhokwe yamtengo wapatali, yotsika mtengo kudzikoli ndi manja awo.
Tanthauzo la Parameter
Chinthu choyamba choyamba musanayambe kumanga nyumba ndi kudziwa momwe mawonekedwewo alili komanso kukula kwake. 
Kwa ichi ndi bwino kulingalira:
- chiŵerengero cha anthu omwe gombe loyendetsera gombe likuwerengedwa;
- Kusankhidwa kwadzidzidzi: chifukwa cha mpumulo wa chilimwe, kwa ana, kuchita maphunziro, etc;
- kukula kwa nthaka yaulere. Ndizosatheka kumanga nkhokwe yaikulu ndi chigawo chochepa.
Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, kutalika kwa mulingo ndi kutalika kwa dziwe ndi mamita 4, ndi kuya kwake kufika 1.8 m.
Kupititsa patsogolo zolemba za polojekiti
Pofuna kumvetsa bwino zinthu zonse zogwirira ntchito yosungiramo gombe: kukula kwake, mawonekedwe, maonekedwe, ndikofunikira kupanga pulojekiti ya polojekitiyi, momwe zikhalidwe ndi miyezo yonse ya SNiP yokhudzana ndi kupanga zinthu zofananako ziyenera kuwonetsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kwambiri kupanga mapepala a polojekiti isanayambe kumangidwa kwa gombe.
Kupanga polojekiti ikuchitika muzinthu zingapo:
- kutsogolo kwa kapangidwe kake, mawonekedwe, kukula kwa chinthu, malo a zipangizo zothandizira, malo omwe madzi akusungira, kukhalapo kwa zipangizo zamakono;
- kuwonetsera ma static;
- chisankho cha kapangidwe ka mbale ndi mfundo za maziko ake;
- Ntchito yomanga zipangizo zamadzimadzi: fasteners, zinthu zonyamula katundu, makoma;
- chisankho chophimba, kutseka madzi, kuvala.
Pogwiritsa ntchito malowa, ndi mbale yomwe imakhala yotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndi zolakwika zochepa zomwe zimapangidwira, zimatha kuwonongeka, kuoneka kwa ming'alu, ndipo, motero, kuchepa mofulumira.
Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kuti muphunzire kukhazikitsa chitseko chokhala ndi manja anu, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chitseko, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mpweya wabwino, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito makoma okhala ndi zowuma, momwe mungapangire malo osabisa ndi manja anu, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mipiringidzo yokhala ndi manja anu, momwe mungamangire veranda kunyumba.
Gawo lomalizira pakukula kwa polojekiti ndikupanga njira yolankhulirana: kupanga kapangidwe ka kayendedwe ka madzi, kutentha, mawonekedwe a mpweya wabwino, magetsi. 
Malo osankhidwa ndi malo ndi malo
Ntchito yomanga dziwe ndi manja awo, koposa zonse, ikuphatikizapo kusankha malo abwino.
Zomangamanga zam'tsogolo ziyenera kusankha malo omwe akugwirizana ndi magawo awa:
- Kuunikira bwino, malo a dzuwa (madzi adzatentha bwino);
- Malo abwino kwambiri pa malowa, ndiye kuti n'zotheka kuchita popanda kukhazikitsa zipangizo zowonjezera;
- kutalikirana ndi munda, ndiwo zamasamba, minda yayikulu, idzaloleza kuteteza nyumbayo ku masamba osagwa, zipatso, nthambi;
- kuyandikira kwa mauthenga.
Chofunikirako chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa dothi, zomwe zidzasunga madziwa pamtunda womwewo. 
Pambuyo posankha malo, muyenera kupitiriza kufotokoza gawolo, okhala ndi tepi, mzere wojambulapo ndi zingwe zamatabwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kukula kwa malo omwe ntchito yomanga idzapangidwe ayenera kukhala yaikulu 0.3-0.5 mamita kuposa magawo a mtsogolo, kuchokera kumbali zonse.Polemba malire a malo omanga, muyenera kuyendetsa nkhumba pansi ndi kukokera chingwe pozungulira.
Kukumba dzenje
Kukumba dzenje ndilochinayi, chimodzi mwazofunikira, magawo a ntchito yomanga.
Ngati mumakonza dziwe laling'ono ndi lophatikizana, ndiye kukumba kungatheke nokha, mwinamwake zida zapadera ndi zofunika. 
Chipangizo cha dzenje chikuchitika molingana ndi ndondomekoyi:
- Chomera chachonde cha nthaka chotsitsa chimachotsedwa kwathunthu.
- Ngalande yam'madzi: Amachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito bolodi nthawi zonse. Mabotolo amayenda kuzungulira kumbuyo kwa dzenje la mtsogolo mwa mawonekedwe a rectangle. Onetsetsani kuti mutsimikizidwe kukhazikitsa, poyesa diagonals, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zofanana. Kukula kwa dzenje kumayenera kukhala 20-30 masentimita oposa kuzungulira kukula kwa mbale. Izi ndi zofunika kuti athe kukonzekera mtsamiro pansi pa zipangizo ndikuyika zida zamakono.
- Kukumba makoma. Panthawiyi, samalani mosamala kuti makoma a dzenje adakondana pang'ono ndi ofanana ndi madigiri 20-25. Izi zimapewa kugwa pansi mu ngalande kale.
- Mitsuko yazitsulo. Mukamagwira ntchito, muyenera kupereka malo othamanga madzi omwe adzatuluke m'dziwe. Mchitidwe woterewu ukhoza kuthetsa mapangidwe a mathithi ndi mathithi pafupi ndi gombe.
- Sakani madzi. Pofuna kukonza madzi kuchokera mu thanki, m'pofunika kupanga malo otsetsereka pansi pa 5-7 °, yomwe idzapita kutsogolo kwa dzenje.
Kukulitsa makoma ndi kupondereza pansi
Pambuyo pa kuwonjezeka kwa magawo oyenerera, makomawo ayenera kusungidwa mosamala, osakayikira za malingaliro awo. Usiku wa makomawo umayang'aniridwa ndi plumb. Gawo lotsatira liri mtolo ukuwombera ndi kudula.
Mwinanso mutha kukhala ndi chidwi chophunzira momwe mungapangire mpanda ndi manja anu: ku njerwa, kuchokera kumtambo wa picket, kuchokera kumtambo womangira unyolo, kuchokera ku gabions, matabwa opangidwa ndi nsalu, ndi denga: kuchokera ku tile yachitsulo, denga lamatabwa, denga la denga, momwe mungaphimbe ndi indin.Kuti muchite izi, pansi pa dzenje tulo:
- choyambirira choyamba ndi mchenga 15 cm;
- wachiwiri wosanjikiza ndi wosweka miyala 15 masentimita.
Mukudziwa? Ku Italy, dziwe lakuya kwambiri padziko lapansi lakonzedwa, limaphunzitsidwa ku diving, ndipo kuya kwake ndi 42.15 m.
Pogwedeza mtsamiro, pamwamba pake mumathiridwa madzi ndipo atatha kukwanira, mchenga umawombera ndi mchenga. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti maziko ali mwamtheradi. 
Ntchito yomanga beseni imatanthawuza kukhalapo kwa madzi akunja komanso kunja komwe kumachitika pa siteji yomweyo. Monga zinthu zopanda madzi, zakuthupi kapena zinthu zowonongeka ndizokwanira.omwe masamba awo amaikidwa pansi pa zigawo zingapo.
Zochitika zotere sizidzangoteteza kuyanjana kwa zipangizo zam'madzi, koma ndizotsutsana ndi udzu kumera, kuteteza ku zotsatira zoipa za mphutsi, nyongolotsi, ndi zina zotero.
Kuyika mauthenga okhudzidwa / ochuluka
Mtundu uliwonse wa dziwe sungathe kugwira ntchito popanda mauthenga.
Kulumikizana kwabwino kwambiri kwa mauthenga kumakhala ndi mapaipi atatu:
- kuda. Anapanga kukhetsa madzi onse kuchokera padziwe;
- akufalikira Amatumikira kukhetsa madzi owonjezera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awononge chitoliro pamtunda wautali kuchokera ku dzenje. Ndikoyenera kuti phala yowonjezereka ikhale yowonongeka mu khoma ndi kubweretsedwa pamwamba pa mlingo woyenera;
- zambiri. Anakwera pamwamba pa madzi, akutsanulira madzi mu dziwe. Amakonzedwanso pamphepete mwachitolo pamalo omwe angakhale ovuta kuwafikira.
Momwe mungapange dziwe m'dzikolo ndi manja awo: kanema
Ndibwino kuti muzitha kuyendetsa dongosolo lonse lachitoliro ndi wothandizila wotsutsa.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi bwino kukhazikitsa mauthenga a mauthenga popanda maondo pa mapaipi. Kupezeka kwawo sikudzathandiza kuchepetsa madzi ndi kutseka madzi, zomwe zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa mapaipi.
Zomangamanga
Tsopano pitani mwachindunji kumanga kwa mbale.
Kumanga chimango cha monolithic
Gawo loyamba pakupanga chimango cha monolithic chikukhazikitsa. Kuchita izi, ndodo zowonjezera zimayikidwa kuzungulira dzenje, chomwe chili pakati pa masentimita 20. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti pali masentimita 5 pakati pa kumangiriza ndi m'mphepete mwa beseni.
Kupanga chimango pogwiritsa ntchito kulimbitsa ndodo ndi diameter ya 10-14 mm. Kuchokera pamphepete mwa slab, nkofunikira kugwedeza chitsimikizo ndi kalata "G", kotero kuti m'tsogolomu zikhale zotheka kupanga maziko a makoma. 
Kupanga mawonekedwe
Musanayambe kukonzekera, pangakhale mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chiyenera kufotokozera momveka bwino zomwe zidzachitike m'tsogolomu. Kupanga mawonekedwe nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito bolodi kapena plywood.
Wotsirizirayo amakulolani kuti mupange mawonekedwe owongoka, kotero kuti pamwamba pa mbaleyo ili pafupi.
Pofuna kuteteza chiwonetsero cha mawonekedwe, kukhazikitsa okakamiza ndi zocheka kuchokera ku matabwa gawo la 50x50.
Pakati pa mapangidwe apanga kukhazikitsa magawo awiri olimbikitsa malinga ndi mfundo iyi:
- mlingo woyamba uyenera kukhala 5 cm pamwamba kuchokera pamphepete mwa mbale;
- chachiwiri chiri pansi pamphepete.
Mtunda pakati pa zigawo zowonjezera ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 10.
Ndikofunikira! Pa mathithi aakulu, pangakhale chimangidwe chodalirika chokhazikika chokhazikika.
Mawonekedwe a masitepe amachokera payekha, pamene mbaleyo yatha kale.
Concreting
Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungathe kugulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera kapena kupangidwa ndi mchenga, simenti ndi zowonjezera.
Chabwino, mbale ya dziwe imatsanuliridwa panthawi yomweyo. Komabe, zimakhala zovuta kwa munthu wosaphunzira kuchita izi yekha. 
Choncho, kumaliza kumachitika pang'onopang'ono:
- Kulemba pansi pansi ndi mtunda wa madigiri angapo polowera kukhetsa. Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti mutha kutsanulira, tikulimbikitseni kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chogwedeza.
- Kumaliza makoma. Njira yothetserayi imatsanuliridwa mosamala ndi pang'onopang'ono, podziwa kuti kudzaza voids pakati pa mapangidwe ndi makoma a dzenje. Ngati nyengo ili kutentha kunja, nkofunika kwa masabata awiri, mpaka yankho likhale lolimba komanso likhale lolimba, lizithira pamwamba pafupipafupi patsiku.
Mwezi umodzi mutatha kutsanulira konkire, mutha kukonzekera ndikugwiritsira ntchito dziwe. 
Kukongoletsa kwa khoma ndi pansi
Kutsirizitsa dziwe kumaphatikizapo ntchito zosiyanasiyana:
- Malo okwera. Ntchito yoteroyo idzafuna zipangizo: simenti, mchenga ndi madzi. Kuwonjezera mphamvu ya antitifungal ndi anti-mold nkhumba za yankho, yoyenera latex fillers aliwonjezeredwa. N'zotheka kuti mugwiritse ntchito ming'anga yodalirika popangira makoma a padzi, omwe ali ndi zofanana ndi matope.
- Akupera. Pambuyo pake, pamapeto pake amapukutidwa ndi dzanja kapena pogwiritsa ntchito makina opera.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osabisa madzi. Njira yothetsera madzi yowonongeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakoma a pulasitala komanso pansi, pakati pa zomwe zimayikidwa pamtanda. Pochita ntchito yoteroyo, payenera kuperekedwa mwapadera ku malo osungirako zinthu, malo osungirako mauthenga, kupasula, zotheka kutseka kapena kubwereza.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo poyesa kuthirira madzi imayang'aniridwa kuti ikhale yabwino. Pa dziwe ili lodzaza madzi ndikuyesa mlingo wa madzi. Yembekezani masiku 7-10 ndikubwezeretsanso. Kukhazikika kwa gawoli kukuwonetseratu kutsegulidwa kwabwino kwapamwamba komanso kutetezeka kwa kusungunula kwa chinyezi.
Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomaliza makoma okongoletsera ndi pansi pa kapangidwe kake:
- zojambula za ceramic kapena zojambulajambula;
- polyvinyl chloride filimu (yosankha ndalama kwambiri);
- tile
Posankha chophimba, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kulingalira za magawo monga momwe angapezedwe, kuthekera kwa kubwezeretsedwa, kumasuka kwa kukhazikitsa, kuphweka kwa kusamalira, kukongola kokongola. 
Zowonjezera zamakono
Kutembenuza kotsiriza ndiko kukhazikitsa zipangizo. Kodi ndi zipangizo ziti zomwe zimapangidwira? Monga lamulo, zikhumbo zoyenera ndizitsulo ndi zitsulo.
Mbali yofunikira, kuchokera ku mbali ya aesthetics, ndiyo dongosolo la malo pafupi ndi malo osungirako zinthu. Mitsinje yamaluwa, njira, zokongoletsera zokongoletsera, zojambula zakuthambo, ndi zina zotere.
Kukongoletsa kanyumba kanu ka chilimwe, phunzirani momwe mungadzipangire nokha mtengo wa mphesa, mtsinje wouma, phokoso la thanthwe, bedi la miyala, munda wamaluwa, kasupe, munda wamaluwa, mathithi okongoletsera.
Momwe mungasamalire dziwe
Maziko oti asamalire pakhomo la nyumba ndikusunga bwino ndikuchita nthawi yake, kuyeretsa nthawi zonse komanso kuteteza madzi.
Madzi, makamaka ngati nthawi zonse zimakhudzidwa ndi zochitika za nyengo - dzuŵa, mvula, mphepo - ndi malo abwino a kubereka mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa beseni ndi kutayika kwa kukongola kwake. 
Tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira kubzala madzi, chifukwa ndi oyeretsa komanso otetezeka kusiyana ndi nyanja kapena madzi a mtsinje.
Kuyeretsa dziwe kungathe kuchitidwa mwanjira zamakono - ndi ukonde, burashi kapena mpweya wa madzi, kapena mungagwiritse ntchito mafayilo osankhidwa apadera omwe angagwidwe ndi dothi.
Mukudziwa? Mafunde anali otchuka kwambiri ku Roma wakale. Zoonadi, zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi zamakono, mwachitsanzo, makoma awo anaikidwa pamwala, omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi resin kuti asalowe madzi.
Nthaŵi zambiri m'nyengo yachilimwe muyenera kukhetsa madzi onse, kutsuka pamwamba (makoma ndi pansi) mwa dziwe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha khalidwe la madzi chimaonedwa kuti ndiyambiri ya malo omwe amadziwika ndi asidi. Choyenera, chiyenera kukhala 7-7.4. 
Zina mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza gombe, ndi mapiritsi ogwira ntchito a klorini. Pali zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chidziwitso kwa madzi, ndipo paliponse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tiyeretsedwe komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Algaecides ndi abwino kwambiri polimbana ndi maluwa.
Kusamalira malo osungirako zinthu kumachitika nthawi yonse ya ntchitoyi. Komanso, zonse zomwe takambiranazi ziyenera kuchitidwa movuta, pokhapokha padzakhala zotsatira zabwino.
Kusambira mu nyumba yanu yachilimwe sikumalota, koma ndi nkhani yokha komanso yosavuta. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso china, zipangizo zofunikira zofunika ndi zipangizo, ndizotheka nthawi yochepa yokonza malo okongola omwe adzakondweretse eni ake kwa nthawi yoposa chilimwe.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
