Pofika m'dzinja, mphesa zambiri zimayambira pa masamulo. Zotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu ya tebulo, koma si onse omwe angadzitamande ndi moyo wawo wautali wazitali. Komabe, kuchokera ku mitundu yosungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, mukhoza kusankha mphesa ngati "December". M'nkhaniyi tiona zochitika zazikulu za mphesa zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimabzala ndikuzisamalira.
About kuswana
Zosiyana "December" ndizochepa ndipo zimachokera ku Moldavia. Linadulidwa ndi Moldavian NIIViv mu 1961. Mitundu imeneyi idzapezeka mutatha kudutsa mitundu "Villard Blanc" ndi "Koarna nyagre" (bwino kwambiri kuti "Moldavian").
Cholakwika chachikulu ndi chakuti mitunduyi imakhala ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha kucha mu December. Izi siziri choncho: mphesa, malingana ndi nyengo, zimatha kupsa zonse kumapeto kwa September ndi October, komanso m'madera ena ngakhale mu November. Mbali ya zosiyanasiyana "December" ndiyo nthawi yaitali yosungiramo mbewu.
Mafotokozedwe a zamoyo
Mitundu iliyonse ili ndi zizindikiro zake zokha. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mphesa iyi imasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ina.
Mitengo ndi mphukira
Mphukira yaing'ono imakhala ndi kuwala kwa golide, monga masamba oyambirira omwe amawoneka pa iwo. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a katatu a mawindo a sing'anga. Chombocho chimakhala ndi khalidwe laling'ono, ndipo kukula kwa tsamba kuli pafupifupi 14 x 16 masentimita. Ngati muyang'ana masambawo poyera, zimasonyeza mthunzi wobiriwira.
Familiarize nokha ndi kulima za luso mphesa mitundu monga Krasnostop Zolotovsky, Alpha, Isabella, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling.
Pa masiku a dzuwa, mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala mtundu wa vinyo wofiirira. Mphamvu ya kukula kwa mbeuyi ndi yamkati, ndipo mpesa umakula bwino.
Video: Mazabibu a December, maonekedwe aakulu.
Masamba ndi zipatso
"December" mphesa zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri.. Kuchuluka kwa masango kumakhala kochepa, iwo amawoneka bwino kuchokera pansipa. Olima munda amaimira kukula kwa masango ngati sing'anga kapena lalikulu, monga momwe ziriri zosiyanasiyana magawo awo amasiyana. Misa amatha kukhala 300 mpaka 800
Mukudziwa? Mphesazo zinali mobwerezabwereza kutha, koma anthu ake anali kubwezeretsedwa nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, pakugonjetsedwa kwa Tamerlane, kapena, monga adatchedwa, Lame Timur, minda yamphesa idawonongedwa mobwerezabwereza.
Kuchuluka kwake kwa zipatsozo ndi kwakukulu. Mitengoyi imakhala yozungulira, yomwe imakhala yofiira (16 x 23 mm, ndipo kulemera kwake sikuposa 4 g), ndipo mtundu wawo uli ndi mdima wofiira kapena wamdima wofiira ndi zokuta sera. Mitengoyi imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi mbeu 2-3.
Kukoma kwa mphesa sikuperekedwa makamaka. Komabe, zimakhala ndi zokoma zokoma: zipatsozo zimakhala zowutsa mudyo komanso zofewa, ndipo khungu, ngakhale kuti lili ndi dothi lolimba, silingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Shuga za mphesa izi ndi 16-18%, ndipo acidity ndi 8-9 g / l. Zolembazo zinayesa chikhalidwe ichi pa 8.1 chikutchulidwa pa khumi.
Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri za mitundu yabwino kwambiri yoyambirira, yowonjezera, yoyera, ya pinki, yakuda, tebulo, yosatsegulidwa, mphesa zosagwira ntchito ndi zamisiri.
Zizindikiro zina za zosiyanasiyana
Zizindikiro zochepa za mbewu ya mphesa ndi kukana kwa chisanu ndi tizilombo toononga, kuchuluka kwa kucha kwa mbewu ndi mphamvu yake.
Kuda kolimba ndi kukana matenda
Mitundu imeneyi imakhala yotsutsana kwambiri ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana monga chitsanzo cha kangaude kapena tsamba la masamba, komanso kuwonongeka kwa masamba ndi matenda a fungal, monga mildew. Pakukolola masango sikumakhudzidwa ndi njuchi kapena hornets.
"December" mphesa imapirira chisanu bwino ndi kuchepa kwa -27 ° C. Mitengo yopanda mpweya siimasowa malo ogona, omwe amalola kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi kwa kulima mafakitale. Kufa kwa maso pambuyo pa wintering sikudutsa 12%.
Mlingo wa kusasitsa ndi zokolola
"December" amatanthauza mitundu yamphesa yamphesa ndi zipatso zobiriwira zakucha. Nthawi ya kucha kwa gulu ili kuyambira masiku 160 mpaka 165, kuyambira pachiyambi cha kutupa kwa impso. Nthawi yokolola imayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa September, ndipo liwu lake likuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi - kuyambira 14 mpaka 16 kg.
Kulima mphesa kumayamba zaka 3 mutabzala, ndipo zokolola zochuluka zingathe kusonkhanitsidwa kale kuchokera ku tchire zaka zisanu. Pa nthawiyi, kuchokera pa hekita 1 mpaka 160-170 c.
Cholinga
Mtundu uwu umapangidwira kuti mukhale watsopano. Komabe, mphesa zamphesa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo "December", zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga juisi, vinyo kapena zakumwa zina.
Mukudziwa? Liwu lakuti "ampelotherapy" limatanthauza mankhwala a mphesa, pogwiritsira ntchito osati zipatso zokha, komanso mpesa, mitengo, masamba ndi mbali zina.Mitengo ya zakudya izi ndi chifukwa cha caloric yamadzi ndi mavitamini. Mankhwala ochiritsa amatha kukhala ndi shuga, chitsulo, mavitamini ndi mavitamini omwe amapezeka mosavuta ndi thupi.
Mavuto akukula
Mphesa za zosiyanazi sizinthu zofunikira kwambiri kuti zikule bwino. Madera abwino a "December" ndi Moldova, kum'mwera kwa Ukraine, komanso North Caucasus.
Nthaka yokhala mphesa ndi bwino kusankha olemera mu humus. Dziko lofewa limodzi ndi madzi osadziwika amadzipereka kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo, madzi apansi ayenera kukhala akuya osachepera 2.5 mamita.
Mlingo wa kuunikira ndifunikanso - zokonda zimaperekedwa kumadera okhala ndi kuunikira bwino, kumene mthunzi wa mitengo kapena nyumba sizigwa. Komanso, mphesa izi ziyenera kutetezedwa kuti zisatuluke ndi mphepo yozizira.
Kufika malamulo ndi zinsinsi
Kwa kubzala ndi bwino kusankha mbande ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri. Komabe, mungagwiritse ntchito mbande zokhazikitsidwa, zomwe zimayang'ana kuchuluka kwa msanga.
Ndikofunikira! Sankhani mbande ndi mizu itatu kapena yambiri, yomwe imagawidwa mofanana m'munsi, ndiye kuti mphesa zabwino zimapulumuka.Kulondola kwa kubzala kumatitsimikizira 80% kuchuluka kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito malo ndi nthaka, tazindikira kale, tsopano tipeze zinsinsi zazikulu zobzala mbande.
Kubzala "December" akhoza kuchita kumayambiriro kwa masika pamaso kumera kwa mbande kapena m'dzinja kusanayambe chisanu. Mphesa zimabzalidwa mumabowo 80 ndi 80 masentimita kukula kwake ndi masentimita 80. Kuti chitsamba chamtsogolo chikhale chofanana, nkhwangwa imayendetsedwa pakati pa dzenje, yomwe imakhala ngati chithandizo cha achinyamata. 
Pansi pa dzenje ili ndi mzere wosanjikiza wa miyala ya 8-10 masentimita, ndipo pamwamba ili ndi dziko lapansi ndi madzi okwanira. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mchere ndi feteleza zopangidwa ndi feteleza kumathandizira kupulumuka kwa mphesa zabwino. Kenaka, dothi lachonde limatsanulidwa ngati mawonekedwe, ndipo mmera umayikidwa pamwamba ndipo mizu imayendetsedwa ndi kayendedwe kabwino.
Zidzakhala bwino kuti muwerenge ngati mukufuna kusamalira mphesa pa nthawi ya maluwa, momwe mungamere mphesa kuchokera ku chubuk ndi mafupa, momwe mungasinthire komanso musamawononge mphesa, nthawi yomwe mungatenge, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphesa moyenera.
Tsopano mukhoza kudzaza dzenje ndi nthaka, pamene mukusiya sapling ndi maso atatu pamwambapa. Malo okwaniridwa bwino, amatsanulira mochuluka ndi madzi, ndipo kuteteza kutuluka kwa msangamsanga kwa chinyezi kunayika mulch.
Malangizo Othandizira
Mphesa isanayambe kupereka zipatso zake zoyambirira, m'pofunika kuisamalira kwa nthawi yaitali. Mutabzala makamaka makamaka nthawi ya kumera, mpesa umayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuchotsa namsongole omwe amawonekera pamphesa, komanso kumasula nthaka.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge momwe mungapewere ndi kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta mphesa.
Mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja, kudulira kwachitika ndipo mpesa umapangidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, mphukira zake zimagwirizana ndi zothandizira pothandizidwa ndi twine zopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zakuthupi. Pakupita patsogolo kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono zimatha kuchoka ndipo potero zimayendera njira ya kukula.
Ndikofunikira! Mlungu umodzi usanayambe maluwa, zitsamba zobala zipatso, zomwe zimakulolani kutsogolera kufalitsa kwa zakudya kuti mupange zipatso zamtsogolo.Pofuna kulimbitsa mizu, chaka chilichonse chimapanga katarovka ndi mizu yochepa, yomwe imamera mozama kwambiri kuposa masentimita 20. Komanso musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse amadyetsa ndi mchere komanso feteleza. Cheke yowonongeka kwa tizilombo kapena matenda imathandiza kuteteza mphesa zanu ndikuteteza kukolola kwa mtsogolo. Pofuna kudziwa zamoyo kapena bowa, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Amaluwa ambiri amazindikira mitundu ya mphesa ya December kuti:
- zokolola zabwino, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhazikika kwake;
- maonekedwe okongola a masango ndi kukoma kwake kwakukulu;
- mpata wabwino kwambiri wopulumuka ndi kukula kwa mpesa;
- Kukoma kwa chisanu chomwe sichifuna malo a mpesa nthawi yachisanu;
- kukana tizirombo ndi matenda;
- Nthawi yokwanira yosungirako zokolola (posungidwa mu firiji, zipatso zimatha kusunga kukoma ndi maonekedwe kwa miyezi 3-4);
- zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimafunikira makamaka m'nyengo yozizira;
- mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ophikira zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Zowonongeka zikuphatikizapo kutsika kotsika komanso kudyetsa mbewu ndi mbalame.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kayendedwe kosavuta ndi yaitali kwa zipatso kumatha kuchoka ku gulu, zomwe zimawononga kuwonetsedwa kwa mphesa. Izi ndi chifukwa chokonzekera bwino zipatso mpaka pamtengo.
Mphesa "December" amadziwika ndi kudzichepetsa kwake, kuchulukitsa kwabwino komanso zokolola zambiri. Zizindikiro zotere zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokopa osati kwa odziwa bwino wamaluwa ndi winemakers, komanso oyamba. Zidzakhala zowonjezera kwambiri ku munda uliwonse wamphesa kapena munda.
Mayankho ochokera ku intaneti
Odzipereka, Oleg Chaika
