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Kupanga mbewu

Kodi ndi bowa ziti zomwe zimakula m'dera la Rostov, kumene mungathe kusonkhanitsa

Mkhalidwe wambiri wa continental, kuyandikana kwa matupi a madzi ndi madera asanu a nthaka-nyengo zimapangitsa dera la Rostov malo abwino kuti nkhungu zizikula. Nyengo yokazinga bowa apa ikuyamba mu Meyi ndipo imatha kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Oktoba. Kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa, yomwe imadyetsedwa komanso yosadya, imadalira kutentha kwa mpweya, chinyezi ndi dothi, zomwe zimasiyana mkati mwa dera ndikudziwitsanso madera akuluakulu.

Bowa Chodyera

Mitengo ya Rostov ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa. Zoona, ndi mazana angapo okha omwe amadya. Kusonkhanitsa kwa mitundu yosawerengeka ikudzaza ndi poizoni woopsa. Choncho, ndizofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kuti "mphatso za m'nkhalango" zotetezeka zikuwoneka bwanji, nthawi komanso nthawi yowanikira, komanso momwe mungaphike bwino.

Bowa wonyezimira

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, amadziwika kuti bebik kapena boletus. Pali mitundu yambiri, yomwe yotchuka kwambiri:

  • nkhalango (pine nkhalango);
  • birch
  • oki;
  • spruce
  • mkuwa.
Amayamba kusonkhanitsidwa pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa August, ngakhale kuti nyamayi imakula kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa July mpaka kumapeto kwa September. Ndilofala kwambiri m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja a Don ndi m'dera la Semikarakorsky.

Tikupempha kuti tidziwe bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa.

Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri, bowa yonse yoyera ndi yofanana:

  1. Kapu imakhala ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 30 cm. Maonekedwewo amakhala ochepa chabe, ozungulira, koma amakhala osasinthasintha ndi zaka. Matte kunja. Mtunduwu ndi wosiyana - kuchokera ku mdima wonyezimira mpaka wofiira-bulauni. Pakatikati muli mdima, ndipo kumphepete kumakhala kowala pang'ono. Tactile imawoneka yosalala ndi yovunda; Mu nyengo yowuma imatha, koma mvula ikayamba kukhala yamchere. Thupi silili losiyana ndi khungu.
  2. Mphuno - kawirikawiri imakhala yaitali mpaka masentimita 10-12, ndi mamita awiri kuchokera pa masentimita 7 mpaka 10 cm. Imafanana ndi nkhumba zooneka bwino, nthawi zina mphuno, mu bowa wakale imakhala yozungulira. Mtundu nthawi zambiri umakhala wowala kuposa kapu; zikhoza kukhala zoyera, ngakhale pali nthawi imene mtundu wa miyendo imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mtundu wa kapu. Pamunsi mwa miyendo grid ya mitsempha yoonda imasiyanitsa.
  3. Pula - mtundu kawirikawiri umakhala woyera, womveka, ngakhale utakalamba umatembenuka chikasu kapena umakhala wa beige. Kapangidwe kawo ndi kofiira, kamene kali kofewa, kofewa, mu bowa wakale kamakhala kochepa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa wonyezimira uli ndi mchere wambiri, micro-ndi macronutrients. Koma atatha kusonkhanitsa popanda chithandizo chapadera, mwamsanga amataya zinthu zonsezi. - pambuyo pa maola 10 padzakhala theka la phindu mmenemo!
Popeza bowa woyera ali ndi kukoma kwabwino, ndi kofunika kwa mtundu uliwonse wa kuphika - ukhoza kuuma komanso kuthiridwa, yokazinga ndi wophika.
Dzidziwitse ndi mitundu yambiri komanso yopindulitsa ya mapepala, komanso phunzirani kuzizira m'mazira.

Oyster Oyster

Amatchedwanso oyster mushroom beech, oyster bowa wonyezimira komanso oyster woumba mapiritsi. Olankhula Chingerezi amatcha bowa wa oyster oyambitsa bowa, ndipo anthu a ku Japan amawatcha chipinda. Mwa mitundu yonse ya bowa wa oyster, iyi imatha kupezeka nthawi zambiri. Zipatso mu masika, makamaka mochuluka - kumapeto kwa May. Ambiri mwa nkhalango zakuda. Zimakula pa mitengo yovunda yakugwa; Nthawi zambiri ndi birch, thundu ndi aspen, nthawi zina zizindikiro.

Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe njira zowonjezera bowa wa oyster kunyumba ndi matumba, komanso njira zozizira ndi kuyanika bowa wa oyster.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Chipewacho chili ndi masentimita 4 mpaka 8 masentimita, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina chimakula mpaka masentimita 15. Maonekedwewo amawonekedwe kapena amafanana. Mtundu ndi wowala, wofewa, woyera, wachikasu pang'ono mu bowa wakale. Mphepete mwa kapu ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa gawo loyamba la minofu ndipo zimakhala pansi.
  2. Mwendo - wamfupi kwambiri, osaposa 2 cm. Wofiira kapena wofiira. Maziko ake ndi amphepete mwazing'ono. Lili ndizowonjezera kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, nthawi zambiri zokhota kumbali. Mabala otchedwa Hymenophore samapezeka ndipo amatsikira pansi pa mwendo.
  3. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani komanso wambiri wambiri, pafupifupi mtundu wofanana ndi kapu.
Bowa wa oyster umakula pamtengo m'magulu akuluakulu. Oimira okhaokha amakumana zosatheka. Bowa wa oyster ndi wabwino kwambiri pa thanzi, kupatulapo ndi mankhwala ochepa omwe amagwirizana ndi anthu omwe amadya zakudya. Bowa wa oyster ndi wotchuka kwambiri m'maphikidwe ambiri. Iwo akhoza kukazinga, kuphika, stewed, kuphika. Amaphatikizidwa ku nyama, zokongoletsa, pies ndi buns, mbatata ndi masamba, kuwonjezera ku supu.

Mvula yamvula

Iwo amachitcha kuti chimvula chachikulu, chimvula chachikulu, chimvula champhepete, mutu waukulu kwambiri, kapena chinenero chachikulu cha Langermania. Imeneyi ndi bowa lalikulu lomwe limafika mamita 20 cm mpaka 50 cm ndipo likhoza kulemera mpaka makilogalamu 10. Icho chimakhala ndi thupi lonse la fruiting. Zipatso m'nyengo yozizira komanso mpaka kumayambiriro kwa October. Mungapeze pamphepete mwa maimidwe a pinini ndi birch, amapezeka mumadambo ndi glades. Amakonda nthaka ya nitrogen.

Pezani momwe bowa lachivundikiro cha mvula likuwonekera ndi pamene limakula.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Chipewa - palibe chomwecho. Bowa lonse ndi thupi lalikulu la zipatso mu mawonekedwe a peyala kapena mpira. Mtundu ndi woyera, koma ndi msinkhu umatembenuka chikasu; Kukhudza pamwamba kuli kosalala, kosavuta.
  2. Mwendo - palibe.
  3. Thupi ndi loyera ngati chipale chofewa, monga momwe thupi limanenera, lokhazikika ndi zotanuka. Lili ndi fungo lodziwika bwino komanso losangalatsa kwambiri. Ndili ndi zaka zambiri zimatembenuka chikasu, zimakhala beige, mu bowa wakale kwambiri ndi bulauni.
Mvula imatha kubwezeretsanso chakudya, chifukwa ndi yopindulitsa komanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala. Zili ndi mphamvu yochiritsa, yothandizira ndi khansara, imatsuka thupi la poizoni, imayenera matenda a shuga. Koma kuphika bowa sikofunika, chifukwa pamene wophika, ngati siponji, umamwa madzi ambiri ndipo umakhala wopanda pake. Pakuti mvula imakhala yowonongeka mwangwiro. Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa chipolopolocho, ndi kudula zigawo za thupi, zomwe zimakhala zokazinga. Komanso, mutu umatha kuuma - umalira bwino komanso mofulumira.
Ndikofunikira! Chakudyacho ndi oyenerera mvula yambiri yokhala ndi mnofu woyera. Ngati thupi liri laling'ono kakang'ono, bowa uwu sungadye!

Chanterelle

Komanso chanterelle weniweni kapena cockerel. Zomwe simungaikumbukire komanso zowala siziyenera kusokonezeka ndi bowa zina. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, iwo ali otetezeka kwambiri ndipo alibe tizilombo ndi mphutsi. Ndipo zonse chifukwa mu maonekedwe a bowayi pali chinthu cha cinnamonosis, chomwe chimapha tizirombo zonse. Chanterelles ikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mu khumi zoyambirira za June, ndipo kuyambira August mpaka October. Amakonda nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zamchere. Magulu amatsanulira kunja kwa mkuntho. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kuwapeza akukula pamsana, milu ya masamba ogwa, udzu wambiri, pansi pa maoliki, mapiritsi ndi spruces. Kumakonda kwambiri chinyezi ndi dampness. Kukula m'magulu akulu. Maonekedwe:

  1. Chipewacho chili ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 12 masentimita. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi lalanje, koma palinso maonekedwe a chikasu. Zili ndi mawonekedwe a "ambulera yosandulika" - concave, ngati kuti yolowerera mkati, ya mawonekedwe osasinthasintha, ndi wavy, m'mphepete mwa mpanda. Zimapezeka mu mawonekedwe a chingwe. Zimasangalatsa. Peel imasiyanitsidwa ndi vuto. Amalowa mwendo mwamphamvu, popanda malire ooneka.
  2. Leg - mpaka 10 cm kutalika, mpaka 3 masentimita wandiweyani, olimba, akukwera mmwamba. Ndi chipewa chonse. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wofanana ndi kapu, ngakhale nthawi zina imakhala yowala pang'ono. Mabala wambirimbiri omwe amawombera pansi amatha kuchoka pa kapu pamlendo.
  3. Mnofu uli wolimba, wotanuka, wanyama. Mukhale otsika pang'ono mu phesi. Mtundu nthawi zambiri umakhala woyera, nthawi zina kam'kasu. Ngati mutayika pamasamba mudulidwe, pamalo opanikizika adzasanduka wofiira. Bowa wonyezimira uli ndi fungo labwino la zipatso zouma komanso kukoma pang'ono.
Chanterelles ndi zokoma kwambiri. Amatha kuwiritsa, mwachangu, simmer ndi kuphika. Zimakhala zokoma mu mawonekedwe a zamzitini kapena mchere. Koma chanterelles zouma sichikongola kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhala zolimba kwambiri komanso zosaoneka ngati mphira. Ndi bwino kusunga chanterelles mu mawonekedwe a chisanu - mwa njirayi amasungirako zosakaniza zawo zonse ndipo kukoma kwawo sikudzawonongeka.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge za chanterelles zomwe zikukula, zothandiza bwanji, komanso momwe angasamalire ndi kusungunula chanterelles kunyumba.

Mbale yamphongo

Dzina la bowa limayankhula palokha - limawoneka wonyezimira, wonyezimira, wonyezimira. Kusonkhanitsa ma boletus kumapeto kwa June, ngakhale ena angayambe mu May. Komabe nyengo ya bowa imayamba kuwira m'chilimwe ndipo imatha mpaka m'dzinja, mpaka, mpaka nyengo yozizira yoyamba. Mungathe kukumana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'nkhalango ya paini ya chigawo cha Tarasovsky, kutali ndi Millerovo, Nizhnekundryuchenskaya ndi Veshenskaya. Koma sizimakonda kwambiri mthunzi, choncho ndibwino kuyang'ana bowa awa pamphepete mwa nkhalango, pafupi ndi misewu, kumsewu wamapiri, kumalo oyeretsa komanso kukonza mitengo. Maonekedwe:

  1. Kapuyo ndi yaying'ono, kukula kwake kumadutsa masentimita 15. Ili ndi mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka, nthawi zina amapezeka. Kukula, kumakhala ngati pillow. Chophimbacho chimadzazidwa ndi khungu lofewa, lofiira ndi lopanda kanthu, lopanda mucous mpaka kukhudza. Kawirikawiri mtundu umasintha ndipo umadalira mikhalidwe yambiri - mtundu wa nkhuni, kuchuluka kwa kuwala, mtundu wa mafuta ukhoza, choncho ndikasupe, ocher, bulauni ndi bulauni. Nthawi zina mumatha kupeza maonekedwe ndi mawanga omwe amachepetsa mtundu waukulu. Chipatala chokha.
  2. Mwendo - kutalika kumakhala kuchokera masentimita 4 mpaka 10 cm, mpaka kufika masentimita 4. Mtundu umakhala woyera, koma umatsika pansi, ukhoza kukhala wofanana ndi mtundu wa kapu. Nthawi zina miyendo ikuwoneka ngati ikuda chifukwa cha madzi oyera omwe amachokera ku pores ndipo ndi ozizira.
  3. Thupi ndi lofewa koma lolimba kwambiri. Mtundu ndi woyera komanso wachikasu. Pa chodulidwa, mtunduwo ukhoza kutembenuza mtundu wa bluu kapena wofiira. Mankhwala ovuta nthawi zambiri samakhala, nthawi zambiri, amamva ngati mano.
Mphindi 15-20 - ndi nthawi yochuluka yotani kuphika batala. Iwo akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku supu, mwachangu ndi mphodza, kuphika ndi kuwiritsa. Iwo ali ochepa mu makilogalamu, koma ali ndi mavitamini, mchere, komanso ngakhale maantibayotiki ndi aphrodisiacs.
Mukudziwa? Phenylethylamine - mankhwala omwe amachititsa kumverera kwa chikondi. Icho chiri mu zovuta zoterezi ndipo zimagwira ntchito ngati aphrodisiac.

Mungakhale bowa

Zimatchedwanso ryadovka mwina, bowa wa george ndi calocibe. Bowa uwu amawoneka pamene ena onse ali kutali ndi fruiting, yomwe ili kumapeto, pakati pa May. Koma ndi chilimwe Mayeviki satha. Amakula m'magulu kapena mizere, yomwe imatchulidwa mu dzina (mzere), imapanga mazenera mu udzu. Calociba imapezeka paliponse, osati m'nkhalango zokha. Zitha kupezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa msewu, pafupi ndi misewu ndi misewu. Bowa uwu ukhoza kukulira ngakhale pabwalo, kumsana kapena m'munda. Komabe, osankha bowa samakonda kupita ku bowa ichi, chifukwa pokhapokha iye, panthawiyi, palibe mitundu ina yomwe imapezeka, choncho munthu akhoza kubwerera kwawo ndi "kugwira" pang'ono.

Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa kuti bowa amakula bwanji m'madera a Volgograd, Saratov, Leningrad, Kaliningrad ndi Bashkiria.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Hat - ndi m'mimba mwake kuchokera 4 cm mpaka 10 masentimita, zoyera kapena zonona. Fomu yaying'ono, yofiira, nthawi zina yamakono. Kwa kukhudza kapu ndi youma koma m'malo momasuka. Pakapita nthawi, ikhoza kukhala yosasamala, yotseguka; m'mphepete mwathu mukhoza kukwera ndi kupunduka.
  2. Msola uli waufupi komanso wandiweyani, kuyambira 2 cm mpaka 7 cm kutalika ndi 1 cm mpaka 3 cm wakuda. Mtunduwu umakhala wofanana ndi wa kapu, koma nthawi zina umakhala wopepuka.
  3. Mnofu ndi woyera, wandiweyani, wandiweyani. Ili ndi kukoma kosaoneka bwino ndi kununkhiza.
Kukoma kwake ndi fungo kumapangitsa bokosi la Calocybe kukhala "masewera." Koma gourmets amakhulupirira kuti kukoma kwake sizodabwitsa komanso kosavuta. Mukhoza kuphika bowa m'njira zosiyanasiyana - yophika ndi yokazinga, mchere. Komabe, kuti muthe kuchotsa fungo lamtengo wapatali, muyenera kuwiritsa m'madzi amchere kwa mphindi 30.

Nyama yachisanu

Amatchedwanso collibium foot foot, flammulin mapazi otsika komanso bowa m'nyengo yozizira. Imakula pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo - pa akufa, kuonongeka ndi ofooka. Kawirikawiri pamphepete ndi mapulasitiki. Akuwononga nkhuni za mtengo. Zimakula m'magulu akulu, choncho zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza, makamaka panthawi ya thaws. Nyengo ya chimanga pa uchi wa agaric imatenga kuyambira nthawi ya autumn mpaka masika. Bowa awa amakonda nkhuni. Amapezeka kwambiri m'dera la Semikarakorsky ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Don.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Kapu imakhala ndi m'mimba mwake kuchokera 2 cm mpaka 10 masentimita. Mtundu uli wachikasu, ukhoza kukhala ndi uve wa lalanje kapena nsalu ya brownish. Momwe mawonekedwe ake aliri, akuzungulira m'mphepete mwa pansi, amawomba ndi zaka. Ali ndi mbale zosawerengeka zomwe zimasiyana mosiyana komanso zimakhala zowala kapena zoyera. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu ina ya bowa ndi kusowa kwa chotchedwa "skirt" pansi pa bonnet.
  2. Mwendo - wautali ndi woonda. Kutalika kumakhala kuchokera 2 cm mpaka masentimita 7, ndipo kutalika kwake sikuchepera 1 masentimita. Mtundu pamwamba pamwamba pa kapu ndi wachikasu, ndi bulauni pansi. Wosasangalatsa komanso wofewa, wandiweyani.
  3. Thupi ndi lachikasu, pafupifupi loyera.
Nkhumba zimatha kukangana ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba pamtsinje pokhutira ndi phosphorous. Zili zothandiza komanso zokoma, zimakhala zachilengedwe zotsutsana ndi adyo. Nkhokwe zimakonzedwa kwambiri ndi njira yachangu, salting ndi marinating. Komabe, ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti ali ndi mwendo wovuta kwambiri pansi, choncho, ndibwino kuti aziphika zipewa zokha. Mukhoza kusunga bowa izi mufiriji.

Boletus

Amatchedwa "aspen" kapena "redhead" mosiyana. Bowa uwu amachokera ku malo okula, chifukwa amamera kukula pansi pa aspens, ndipo chifukwa chakuti mtundu wa kapu wake umakhala wofanana ndi masamba a autumn. Kupanikiza kumakhala kofala kwambiri. Nthawi zina zimamera m'magulu, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zosiyana. Amakonda nkhalango zowirira - zosakaniza ndi zowonongeka, makamaka m'madera otsika. Mukhoza kuchipeza mu udzu wambiri, m'mabwato a bushi, kumbali ya nkhalango kapena mumsasa. Ambiri mwa bowawa amapezeka m'nkhalango za aspen pafupi ndi Kamensk. Zipatso, kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa June ndi kutha kwa kugwa.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi mitundu ya bowa la aspen, ndikuphunziranso momwe mungadziwireko.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Chipewa - malingana ndi mtunduwo chimachokera ku masentimita 5 mpaka masentimita 30. Maonekedwewo ndi amodzi, amakhala pansi mwendo, ngati akulandira. Zimakumbutsa thimble kwa chala. Mu bowa akuluakulu, mawonekedwe ake amakhala ofanana ndi miyendo, osowa, komanso okalamba omwe amawoneka bwino. Mtundu wake umakumbukira za autumn masamba - lalanje, brownish, njerwa-pabuka, khofi. Zimamva kuti zowonongeka ndipo nthawi zina zimawoneka bwino, koma nthawi zonse zimakhala zouma. Peel siichotsedwa.
  2. Msola uli pamwamba kwambiri, ukufika kutalika kwa masentimita 22. Iwo uli ndi mawonekedwe a mphuno ndipo imakwera pansi. Zophimbidwa ndi zing'onozing'ono zazing'ono za mdima wofiirira.
  3. Pulp - ili ndi minofu ndi minofu, m'malo momangirira. Mtundu umakhala woyera, koma pamadulawo umasintha mthunzi wake kukhala wa buluu, ndipo pamapeto pake umatembenuka wakuda.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa bowa kwambiri zokoma. Mwa iwo amakonza mbale zosiyanasiyana. Zikhoza kuphikidwa, zokazinga, zokongoletsedwa, zakumwa zamchere, mchere, kuika msuzi, kuwonjezera ku saladi, kuzizira kuti zisungidwe kapena zouma.

Ginger weniweni

Bowa wonyezimira kwambiri, ndi mawoneka ooneka bwino komanso kukoma kwake. Nkhumba zimakula pa nthaka ya mchenga. Mitengo ya Coniferous imakonda, ngakhale nthawi zina imapezeka m'nkhalango ya pine. Nthawi zambiri zimakula pansi pazitsamba ndi mitengo ya mapaini, makamaka kumpoto kwa mitengo. Bowa izi nthawi zonse zimakula m'magulu, koma nthawi yomweyo sizimapsa. Choncho, onetsetsani kuti ngati mutapeza kanyama kamodzi, kenaka kwinakwake mu udzu kapena pansi pa masamba ena a anthu ena amadzibisa. Nthawi ya fruiting imatha kuchokera kumapeto kwa July kufikira mapeto a August, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina imatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September. M'dera la Rostov, cholinga chawo chachikulu chiri pafupi ndi mudzi wa Degtevo m'dera la Millerovo.

Bowa wamchere wozizira m'nyengo yozizira.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Chophimbacho chimakhala ndi masentimita 15. Chili ndi mawonekedwe a concave mkati mkati, m'mphepete mwachindama pansi. Mtundu wa kapu ukhoza kukhala wachikasu, wachilanje ndi wofiira. Zimamva zomveka komanso zosavuta. Ma mbale amawombera ndi mwendo, nthawi zambiri ndi ochuluka.
  2. Leg - kuyambira 7 cm mpaka 9 cm m'litali. Maonekedwe osungunuka, opanda pake mkati. Zosakanikirana kwambiri, zimatha kuthawa.
  3. Thupi layamba ndi lalanje, lowala, koma pakapita nthawi, chifukwa cha mavitamini, ilo limasintha mtundu ndipo limakhala lobiriwira. Fungo silimveka bwino, koma kukoma kumapweteka, kumapereka tartness.
Ryzhiki, monga bowa wina wokoma kwambiri, amaphika mosiyana. Iwo ali oyenera chakudya chilichonse ndipo nthawi zonse amasangalatsa ndi bowa wonyezimira.
Ndikofunikira! Ryzhiki - bowa okha omwe, pamene amchere mchere, ali okonzeka kudya masabata awiri!

Mzere wa Lilovonogaya

Icho chimatchedwa mosiyana - trichomol, mzere wawiri wautali, mwendo wabuluu, nsonga ya buluu, mizu ya buluu. Bowawa amatchedwa zida chifukwa cha kukula kwake: amakula m'magulu akuluakulu ngati mizere. Часто располагаются настолько близко друг к другу, что шляпка одного гриба может накрывать сверху шляпку другого. Плодоносит синяя ножка в Ростовской области с начала осени, а пропадает с первыми существенными похолоданиями. Makamaka kwambiri Trichomol angapezeke mu Schepkin nkhalango pafupi Orbital ndi Chertkovsky dera. Zimamera pansi, ngati laimu ndi nthaka yamchenga. Nyama imakonda kukonda, makamaka ngati ili ndi phulusa lochuluka.

Yambani, ndipo fufuzani kukoma komwe kumakhala ndi chikasu chachikasu, earthy, chobiriwira, chofiirira, imvi ndi popula.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Kapu - kukula kwake kumasiyanasiyana ndi 6 cm mpaka 15 masentimita, nthawi zambiri imatha kufika masentimita 25. Pamwamba ndi mtundu wachikasu, pafupi ndi beige, kamphindi kakang'ono pamwamba. Smooth kukhudza. Mazenera apansi a hymenophore ali ochuluka kwambiri ndipo akuda, ndipo mtundu wawo ndi zonona.
  2. Mphungu - kutalika kwake ndi 5 cm mpaka 10 cm, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi pafupifupi masentimita atatu. Amayi ali ndi mphete yowoneka bwino pamlendo. Mtundu - wofiirira, wowoneka.
  3. Thupi ndilo mnofu. Mtundu ndi wofiira, wofiira ndi woyela woyera. Kukoma kwake kumakhala kokoma, kokoma pang'ono, ndi fungo liri lofanana ndi fungo la zipatso zatsopano.
Izi zimathandiza kwambiri thupi, ngati nthawi zina zimayambitsa zakudya. Zimathandiza kuti chiwerengero cha m'mimba chikhale chokhazikika komanso kubwezeretsanso maselo a chiwindi, kuyeretsa thupi la poizoni. Rowdokov ayenera kukonzekera zambiri mbale - yokazinga ndi yophika. Iwo akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku msuzi, saladi, amatumikiridwa mosamalitsa ku zokongoletsa. M'nyengo yozizira amatha kuziwaza kapena kuziwaza.
Mukudziwa? Matsutake - wotchedwa Japanese ryadovka. M'dziko la Dzuŵa, bowa uwu ndi wofunika kwambiri monga maulamuliro m'mayiko a ku Ulaya; nthawi zina mtengo wa kopi imodzi imadutsa $ 100.

Morel

Makhalidwe abwino amatchedwanso. Nkhumba si zachilendo, molawirira kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina zimayambitsa kusakhulupirika ndi maonekedwe awo. Komabe, zimadya komanso zimakhala zokoma kwambiri. Zowonjezera zingapezekedwe m'nkhalango zotchedwa coniferous ndi zakuda, makamaka alders ndi aspen mitengo ndizofunikira kwa iwo. Nthaka imakonda kwambiri humus ndi yonyowa kwambiri, koma ikhoza kukula pamtunda wa mchenga kapena pamtunda wosokonezeka - mwachitsanzo, m'malo otentha, pamtunda wa mitsinje ndi mapiri, m'mphepete kapena kumbali ya msewu, kumalo oyeretsa ndi kuwonekera. Mitengo ya zipatso ya apulo idzakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri. Nthawi yoyamba ya fruiting imayambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April kufikira masiku oyambirira a chilimwe, komabe, ngati masika ndi ofunda kwambiri, zowonjezera zimawoneka kumapeto kwa March. Amapezeka paliponse m'nkhalango zamapiri kapena pa mossy ndi m'malo odzaza madzi atangoyamba kusungunuka ndipo nthaka imawombera pang'ono.

Zowonjezera ndi mizere: momwe mungasiyanitse bowa awa.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Chipewacho sichitha ndipo chimakhala ndi makwinya, kuyambira masentimita 5 mpaka masentimita 10 m'litali ndi masentimita 3 mpaka 8 m'lifupi. Maonekedwewo nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati khunyu, kwambiri pena, ndi maselo akulu. Mtunduwu ndi wobiriwira, koma ukhoza kukhala bulauni, chikasu, chikasu, bulauni, bulauni. Mphepete mwa maselo nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda mdima kapena wakuda.
  2. Lamu - kutalika kwa 3 cm mpaka 7 cm, ndi kukula kwa 1.5 cm mpaka 3 masentimita. Kuwala, pafupifupi woyera mwachinyamata, beige kapena wachikasu mtundu wa okalamba, ndipo mu bowa wokhwima kwambiri umakhala bulauni ndi powdery. Mkati mwa mwendo uli wopanda pake ndipo umakula limodzi ndi kapu kukhala gawo limodzi. Maonekedwewo ndi cylindrical, ochepa kwambiri mpaka kumunsi.
  3. Nyama ndi mtundu wowala, mwinamwake woyera, beige, wotumbululuka chikasu. Kusasinthasintha kwayake, kofooka kwambiri komanso mwachifundo.
Zambiri sizingadye zofiira. Ayenera kupatsidwa chithandizo cha kutentha. Asanagwiritse ntchito, ndibwino kuti wiritsani kwa ola limodzi. Mutha kuuma, koma panopa, kuphika sikufunika.

Mushroom Wamaluwa

Mwa anthu iwo amatchedwa kapu kapena agogo. Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya bowa. Pezani izi sizowopsya, chifukwa zimagawidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zimakula m'madera akuluakulu okhala ndi mphete, komanso mizere, ndikupanga otchedwa "azungu". Kawirikawiri, champignon imapezeka pafupi ndi zinyama. Nthawi ya fruiting ya nkhalango ya nkhalango imayamba kumayambiriro a chilimwe ndikumatha mpaka kuphulika kozizira koyamba, komwe kawirikawiri kumapezeka mu October. Amakondwera kukula m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, koma m'madera osungirako amatha kupeza osakwatiwa okha. M'dera la Rostov nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'chigawo cha Chertkovsky.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Chipewacho chimachokera ku masentimita 7 mpaka 10 mu kukula. Mu bowa laling'ono ali ndi mawonekedwe ovekedwa ngati belu, koma ali ndi zaka zambiri amatsegula ndikuwomba. Mtundu - bulauni, bulauni, wothira dzimbiri. Chipewacho ndi chowopsa ndi chouma mpaka kukhudza, chifukwa chimaphimbidwa ndi zing'onozing'ono zamdima. Hymenophor zimachitika ngati kuwala, koyera, ndi kofiira.
  2. Msola suli wautali kwambiri, nthawi zambiri sumafika pamwamba pa masentimita 6, sichiposa 1.5 masentimita m'kati mwake. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe amawonekera pang'ono pamtundu.
  3. Thupi liri loyera mu mtundu, koma pamene lidulidwa, ilo limapanga ndi kusintha mthunzi kukhala wabuka. Ili ndi kukoma kosaoneka bwino, mofanana ndi bowa.
Mafinya amatha kuphika ndipo ali oyenerera mitundu yonse ya chithandizo cha kutentha - ndizozifota, zouma, zachisanu, mchere, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Angathe kudyetsedwa yaiwisi.

Inedible, bowa chakupha

Malo a Rostov ndi olemera osati bowa wathanzi, wathanzi komanso wodyedwa. Kuwonjezera pa iwo, inedible, kapena mitundu yoopsa chabe imapezeka pano. Ndipo kuti mugwire "bwenzi" loopsa mumsangamsanga, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa bowa, momwe mungasiyanitse ndi "anzanu" omwe akudyetsedwa, ndi malo ati omwe akubala zipatso.

Chirabe chapafupi

Anthuwa adatcha njoka yofiira yobiriwira komanso yobiriwira. Imodzi mwa bowa woopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri anthu sakhala poizoni ndi toadstool, nthawi zina, imfa imatha kuchitika ndi 90%. Zakudya zofiira zimangokhalira kusokonezeka ndi zina zomwe zimapezeka bowa - bowa ndi ziphuphu.

Ndibwino kuti mudziwe - momwe mungasiyanitsire toadstool yoyera.

Nthawi ya fruiting mu toadstool imayamba kumapeto kwa zaka khumi za chilimwe ndipo imatha kufikira nthawi yomwe chimfine chimakhala cholimba. Amasankha nkhalango zakuda zomwe zimakhala ndi malo okhala, makamaka omwe ali ndi maluwa ambirimbiri. Amakonda humus nthaka. Kawirikawiri zimapezeka m'madera osungiramo malo. M'dera la Rostov ndilofala kwambiri kumpoto. Maonekedwe:

  1. Kapuyi ndi 5 cm mpaka 15 masentimita m'mimba mwake. Ili ndi malire osalala. Mtundu uli wobiriwira, azitona, imvi. Kukhudza, pamwamba pake amaoneka ngati fibrous.
  2. Lembali - lili ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 16 cm. Ndili wochepa kwambiri, wolemera mamita 1 cm mpaka 2.5 cm. Fomuyi imakhala ndi pulasitiki, koma imatsika pansi ngati mawonekedwe a thumba. Kawirikawiri zimaphimbidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mtundu ndi woyera kapena wofanana ndi kapu.
  3. Thupi ndi loyera. Mukadula, mtundu mumlengalenga sukusintha, kukhala woyera. Wokongola nyama. Ali ndi zosavuta, koma zabwino zokoma za bowa ndi kukoma kofewa.
Posiyanitsa toadstool kuchokera ku champignon, muyenera kuyang'ana matebulo a hymenophore - mu champignon amasintha mtundu kukhala wakuda ndi msinkhu, ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala oyera. Kuchokera ku syroezhek toadstools amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa moire chitsanzo pa mwendo.

Royal Amanita

Bowa woopsa owopsa kwambiri. Amakula makamaka m'nkhalango zamchere. Amakula makamaka pansi pa spruces ndi paini. Nthawi zina zimapezeka mu nkhalango zosakanikirana. Mu nkhuni zolimba - uyu ndi mlendo wochuluka kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale ndiye pokhapokha ngati pali birches. Bowa lachonde. Nthawi zambiri amakula yekha. Iyo imayamba kubala chipatso pakatikati pa mwezi wa July, ndipo imatheratu kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Kufalizidwa kumadera akumpoto ndi kumadzulo. Maonekedwe:

  1. Chipewacho chimachokera ku masentimita 7 mpaka masentimita 20. Pa nyama zinyama zimawoneka ngati dzira ndipo zimamangiriridwa mwendo. Ndili ndi zaka zambiri, imakhala yoyera, imapezeka mu bowa zakale ndipo imatha kukhala pakatikati. Padziko lonse lapansi muli ndi miyendo yoyera. Mtunduwu ndi wobiriwira, wachikasu-bulauni, wouma-wachikasu, bulawuni-bulauni, mkati mwake uli ndi mtundu wofiirira wofiira.
  2. Lamu - kutalika kwa 9 cm kufika 20 cm, makulidwe kuchokera 1 cm mpaka 2.5 cm. Pamwamba kwambiri kuposa pansipa. Pansi pamakhala ndi thickening mu mawonekedwe a mpira kapena dzira. Pansi pa kapu pali "skirt". Msolo wokha uli ndi malo abwino, owopsa. Mtundu ndi woyera kapena pafupifupi woyera.
  3. Pulp - imakhala ndi mtundu wa brownish, nthawi zina imadula, imayera, imatuluka chikasu kapena chikasu. Alibe kukoma kwapadera. Kusagwirizana ndi minofu, koma yofooka.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti mitundu yonse ya ntchentche ya ntchentche imadziwika kuti ndi yoopsa komanso yosavuta, nthawi zakale, motsogoleredwa ndi mtsogoleri wa chi Roma, Lucullus, yemwe ankadziyesa kuti ndi wolemera kwambiri, imodzi mwa mitundu ya bowayi, yomwe kale idatchedwa mushroom wa Kaisara kapena bowa wa Kaisara, idatumikiridwa patebulo.

Amanita wofiira

Ntchentche yotchedwa agaric siyiyi yokhayi, komanso imakhala ndi zinthu zina zoopsa. Kuchuluka kwa poizoni mmenemo sikulu kwambiri, choncho, kuti ikhale yakupha, munthu amafunika kudya zidutswa 15. Komabe, zinthu zomwe zili mu bowa zimayambitsa poizoni za thupi, zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso amachititsa kuti maselo a ubongo azifa. Mbulu yofiira ya agaric imakonda nthaka yowuma ndi yowawasa. Amamera m'nkhalango zamitundu yonse, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka mofanana ndi spruce, birch, msondodzi ndi mitengo yamtengo. Kawirikawiri zimapezeka ngakhale pamalo apakati kapena malo apafupi. Nyengo yokula ikupita kuyambira August mpaka Oktoba.

Amanita - mitundu ndi mankhwala.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Chipewacho chimachokera pa 8 cm mpaka 20 cm mwake, muching'ono chimaoneka ngati mpira wololedwa ku mwendo. Ndili ndi zaka zambiri, imagwedeza, imakhala yofanana ndi saucer, imakhala mkatikatikatikati. Mtundu - wofiira, wowala, ukhoza kukhala wofiira-lalanje. Khunguli ndi losalala ndi lowala, lopota ndi lachimake, lokhala ndi ziphuphu zoyera pamwamba.
  2. Msola ndi wautali komanso woonda, ukhoza kukhala wolemera masentimita 8 mpaka 20 masentimita mpaka 2.5 masentimita wandiweyani. Mtundu uli woyera kapena woyera. Pansi pali kulemera kwa mawonekedwe a tuber. Mumtima mwathu muli kukula.
  3. Thupi limakhala loyera kwambiri, koma pansi pa khungu la kapu muli mtundu wachikasu kapena wobiriwira. Kukoma ndi kokoma, koma kukoma kumakhala kofooka ndipo sikungatheke kuoneka.

Mzere wa Sulfuric

Amatchedwanso sulfure sulfide kapena sulfure chikasu. Mzere wambiri ndi bowa wodyetsedwa. Koma pakati pawo si mitundu yosavuta komanso yoopsa. Sulfuric acid ndi poizoni pang'ono - ili ndi poizoni wambiri ndipo imayambitsa poyizoni. Zitha kupezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zovuta. Muzisamala kwambiri kuti mukhale, mukuyang'ana bowa pansi pa zikopa ndi mitengo, pansi pa mapini ndi mapiri, chifukwa pansi pa mitengoyi sulfure mizere ikukhazikika. Nthawi ya fruiting imakhala pa nyengo ya bowa ndipo imafika kumapeto kwa August kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September mpaka chisanu choyamba.

Maonekedwe:

  1. Chipewacho chili ndi masentimita 3 mpaka 8 masentimita. Chimawoneka bwino, chimagwedezeka, chimagwedeza, chimayamba ndi zaka ndipo chimakhala ndi chitsimikizo. Ili ndi mtundu wa imvi, umene umakhala waukali kapena wofiirira pang'ono. Kwa kukhudza kapuyo ndi yosalala komanso yosavuta.
  2. Msola uli wochepa thupi ndi wautali, ukhoza kukhala wolemera 3 cm mpaka 11 masentimita ndi kuchokera ku 0,5 masentimita mpaka 1.8 masentimita wandiweyani. Nthawi zina zimakhala zoongoka, nthawi zina zimapondaponda pansi, ndipo nthawi zina - mmwamba. Mtunduwo si wunifolomu - pamwamba uli wowala wachikasu, ndipo pansipa ndi wautoto-wachikasu. Nthawi zina zimaphatikizidwa ndi mamba wandiweyani mukamakalamba.
  3. Mnofu ndi wobiriwira kapena sulfure wachikasu. Imakhala ndi fungo lapadera - ikhoza kununkhira ngati hydrogen sulfide, phula. Kukoma ndikunyansa, kowawa pang'ono, kungakhale ndi mealy tinge.

Malo am'manga kumadera a Rostov

Kudera lonse la Rostov, bowa ndizofala - apa ndi nthaka yabwino kwa iwo komanso nyengo yabwino. Koma m'madera ena kusaka bowa kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Choyamba, izi zikuphatikizapo:

  • Chigawo cha Millerovsky, makamaka kuzungulira mudzi wa Dyogtevo, minda yamapine ya mzinda wa Millerovo;
  • midzi ya Kamensk-Shakhtinsky;
  • Chertkovsky chigawo;
  • bowa zambiri zosiyana siyana m'minda ya pinini mumudzi wa Nizhnekunduchenskaya;
  • Tarasovsky chigawo;
  • Chigawo cha Semikarakorsky;
  • malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja a Don;
  • Masamba a Schepkinsky ku Rostov-on-Don.
Mukudziwa? Bowa - chimodzi mwa zolengedwa zakale kwambiri pa Dziko lapansi, chifukwa zaka zawo zoposa zaka mamiliyoni 400. Iwo analipo limodzi ndi fern masiku a dinosaurs, koma, mosiyana ndi ferns, sikuti sanangotayika, koma sanathenso ngakhale. Zimakhulupirira kuti mitundu yonse yomwe inalipo nthawi zakale isanafikebe.

Kusankha mahombula

Ngakhale osankha bowa omwe akudziwa bwino sakhala inshuwalansi kuti bowa woopsa sali m'dengu lawo, ndipo oyamba kumene amakhala ambiri. Komabe, nthawi zina, bowa zodyedwa zingakhalenso zoopsa komanso zovulaza. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kudziwa malamulo ofunika kuti mutenge bowa:

  1. Ngati ndinu oyamba, yang'anani mosamala mabuku ndi zithunzi za bowa musanayese kusaka, kuti mutha kusiyanitsa poizoni kuchokera kwa otetezeka. Kapena mutenge nanu omwe mumakhala amodzi komanso odziwa bwino bowa.
  2. Bowa kwambiri amatenga zinthu zovulaza ndi zitsulo zamitengo, choncho simukuyenera kunyamula bowa mumzinda, pafupi ndi misewu ndi mafakitale, chifukwa pakadali pano, mitundu yodyedwa idzakhala yoopsa kwambiri. Malo abwino kwambiri otetezeka ndi bowa ndi nkhalango, mitsinje ndi glades, kutali ndi ntchito za anthu, kumene mpweya uli woyera ndipo nthaka siipitsidwa ndi zinyalala za poizoni.
  3. Nthawi zonse yesani bowa lirilonse musanaliike mudengu. Onetsetsani kuti sikalemba, osati yopweteka komanso yosadetsedwa.
  4. Ngati simukukayikira ngati muli ndi chithunzithunzi chakupha kapena chakudya m'manja mwako, ndi bwino kuchichotsa ndikutsata zokhazokha.
  5. Chidebe chimene "catch" chotumizidwa chiyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zachilengedwe - thumba lodulidwa kapena basketi. Ndi bwino kukana mapepala.
  6. Kusonkhanitsa bowa, sangathe kuchotsedwa pansi, chifukwa zimapweteka mycelium, chifukwa chake ndiye kuti malo atsopano sadzakula. Ndibwino kuti mchenga uduke pansi mwamphamvu ndi mpeni.
  7. Samalani bowa onse omwe mwendo wawo umatha ndi kukula kwa thumba - nthawi zambiri ndi owopsa.
  8. Nthawi yabwino yopita ku nkhalango kwa bowa ndikumayambiriro.
  9. Musadye bowa omwe sanaphikebe pano.
  10. Konzani "nsomba" mwamsanga mwamsanga mutatha kusonkhanitsa.
  11. Kusuta kwa mandimu sikuyenera kumwa kapena kuphika. Bowa ayenera kuphika mu msuzi watsopano.
  12. Bowa aliwonse amatsutsana kwambiri ndi ana osapitirira zaka khumi ndi ziwiri ndi amayi apakati, monga momwe chiwerengero chawo chakumagwirira ntchito sichimawakhudza. Choncho, aliyense, ngakhale bowa lotetezeka, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoopsa pa thupi.
Malamulo a kusonkhanitsa bowa. Kusaka kwamaluwa ndi ntchito yosangalatsa komanso yodalirika. Ndipo bowa ndi zokoma komanso zathanzi ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola. Dera la Rostov limapereka chikhalidwe chonse kwa osankha amwawa kuti azisangalala ndi mphatso za chilengedwe. Komabe, muyenera kusamala, chifukwa mitundu ina ya bowa ili poizoni, pamene zina ndizoopsa ngati sizikusonkhanitsidwa bwino.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa