Pafupifupi mlimi aliyense amadziwa ng'ombe zomwe zili ndi mavairasi owopsa omwe amachititsa mliri pakati pa ziweto. Kawirikawiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi owopsa kwa anthu. Pafupi mitundu ina ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - Brucella - idzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi matendawa ndi otani?
Brucellosis ndi matenda owopsa, otengedwa ndi ng'ombe (osachepera mbuzi ndi agalu), tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha, minofu ya minofu komanso njira yoberekera ya nyama.
Ndikofunikira! Mabakiteriya a Brucella amatha kugwira ntchito yawo m'nyama yachisanu kwa miyezi isanu, mkaka ndi mkaka - miyezi 2.5, komanso nthaka - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mukhoza kuwononga zonse mwa kuwiritsa, kusakaniza mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kutengera kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji?
Chinthu chofala kwambiri cha matenda ndi ng ombe yodwala, yomwe imaloledwa kubusa popanda kuyang'anitsitsa zakuthambo. Kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya kumachitika kudzera mu mkodzo, nyansi, amniotic madzi, magazi, ndi umuna wa umuna. 
Brucella amalowa m'thupi kudzera mabala, mucous nembanemba, komanso atatha kumwa madzi kapena chakudya chodetsedwa. Dziwani kuti ngati ng ombe ili ndi chitetezo champhamvu, ndipo mlingo wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo tating'ono, ndiye kuti thupi la nyama lichotsa kachilomboko popanda zotsatira zake.
Pezani zizindikiro, chithandizo, njira zothandizira matenda a ng'ombe.Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda a lymphatic zinyama - panthawiyi, chithandizo cham'tsogolo nthawi zambiri chimapereka zotsatira zabwino. Kenaka brucella alowe m'magazi ndipo ayambe kupha ziwalo za ng'ombe. Mphuno ya kutupa imapangika mu impso, chiwindi, kapangidwe ndi mapapo, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kosiyanasiyana pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ziwalo izi.
Pambuyo pa mapeto a chiwopsezo cha matendawa, brucella amaganizira kwambiri mitsempha yam'mimba (chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mitsempha ya m'mimba), chiberekero, udder ndi nthenda.
Miyeso ndi zizindikiro
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amabisala zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza kumayambiriro oyambirira. Wosakaniza aliyense ayenera kuchenjezedwa ndi kubweretsa mimba mobwerezabwereza kwa ng'ombe ndi kubadwa kwa ana ang'onoang'ono.
Kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro zoterezi ziyenera kukhala chifukwa chothandizira kuchipatala cha zinyama ndi zovomerezeka kutumizira kukayezetsa za kubadwa kwa mwana, fetus yakufa kapena zitsanzo za colostrum.
Dziwani bwino matenda a udder, matenda ophatikizana ndi matenda okhudzana ndi ng'ombe.Zizindikiro zakunja za matendawa zimatchulidwa kwambiri ndi ng'ombe - pambuyo pa kuperekera padera kumapwetekedwa ndi brucella, njira yotupa imayambira mu chiberekero cha ng'ombe, yomwe imakhudzanso mitsempha yake, chifukwa chake chiweto chimakhala chosatha, koma ngati kutupa sikuchotsedwe panthawi yake, njirayi ndi yosasinthika.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ng'ombe zowonongeka zimasowa chilakolako chofuna kudya, kutentha, kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha thupi, kupweteka pamapeto komanso kutupa m'magulu - bursitis ndi nyamakazi zimapangidwa.
Patapita nthawi, ng'ombe zimapezeka ndi tendovaginitis ndi hygromas, komanso kutupa kwa ng'ombe, testicular, kutentha kwambiri kwa prostate gland ndi appendages, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro za necrosis.
Mukudziwa? Nyama yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi ng'ombe yamchere, yomwe imapezeka kuchokera ku ng'ombe za Vagyu. Tsiku lililonse, aliyense woimira mtundu uwu amadyetsedwa ndi zitsamba zosankhidwa, kuthirira madzi ndi mowa wambiri, komanso pambali iyi, asanakagone, mkazi aliyense adzakhala ndi kupuma kwabwino.
Kuwala
Nthawi imeneyi imakhala masiku 30-60. Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa thupi. Maonekedwe a brucellosis panthawiyi ndi ovuta kuona ndi maso, koma pofufuza ziwalo zamkati, veterinarian angaone kuwonjezeka kwa chiwindi ndi nthata.
Pamapeto pa siteji yovuta kwambiri, maseĊµera opangidwa ndi maselo ambiri amatha kuzindikira, makamaka m'mimba, ndi kutupa pamatenda amayamba. Ngati chinyama chili ndi chitetezo champhamvu cha mthupi, ndiye kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kusamvetsetseka, ndipo nthawi yambiri ya brucella imatheratu popanda magazi. 
Subacute
Gawo la Subacute liri ndi nthawi yaitali - masiku 60-90. Amadziwika ndi maonekedwe a matendawa - kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ubwino wa nyama kumapereka njira yowonjezera. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, ndizotheka kudziwa kuti maonekedwe a brucellosis ndi otani - kutukumula kwa ziwalo, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuchotsa ziwalo zoberekera.
Zosatha
Gawo ili la brucellosis likudziwika ndi kuwonetsera zizindikiro zakunja za matendawa kwa miyezi itatu kapena yoposa. Nyama zodwala zimasowa chilakolako chawo, zimakhala zovuta, zoopsa. Maso amaliseche amatha kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda - kutukumula kwa mafupa, kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera kumimba, ziwalo zapansi. Kupweteka kosalekeza m'milingo kumapangitsa ng'ombe kusasamala.
Ndikofunikira! Zizindikiro za brucellosis zimakhala zofanana ndi matenda ena owopsa, monga TB, salmonellosis, ndi leptospirosis. Choncho, pakufotokozera chithandizo, munthu ayenera kuganizira za zotsatira za maphunziro angapo ochipatala.
Zosokoneza
Kuzindikira kwa brucellosis kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito serological ndi mabakiteriya, zomwe zimachitika m'ma laboratori. Njira zambiri zodziwira brucella m'magazi a zinyama ndi zomwe Wright akuchita ndi mayesero a Byrne. 
Wright Agglutination Reaction (RA)
Zomwe Wright anachita ndi njira yodziwira brucellosis kwa anthu ndi nyama, zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Chidziwikiratu ndi chakuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti adziwe matendawa kumayambiriro, komanso zaka zingapo pambuyo pozilombola, ndiko kuti, pamene brucellosis imakhala yachilendo.
Phunzirani momwe mungayesere kutentha kwa ng'ombe, momwe mungatengere komanso kusanthula kwa magazi a ng'ombe.Zimene Wright anachita zikuchitika motere:
- Chithandizo cha isotonic cha sodium chloride chikuwonjezeredwa ku magazi owopsa a nyama yodwala (chifukwa ng'ombe, zowonjezera anayi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiĊµerengero cha 1:50).
- Kenaka kuwonjezerapo mabiliyoni khumi anapha mabakiteriya a Brucella, kenako zomwe zili mu ma tubes zimagwedezeka.
- Kenaka, zidazi zimayikidwa mu chipinda chotentha ndipo zimakhala kutentha kwa +38 ° C kwa maola 5-10, kenako zimasungidwa tsiku limodzi kutentha.
Chotsatira chake ndi mvula, maonekedwe a ziphuphu ndi mitsempha m'mayipi oyesera ndi zowonongeka, ndipo kukula kwa mapangidwe opangidwe kumawerengedwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwapadera poyesa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. 
Mayendedwe a Allergic
Njira yothandizirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene zotsatira za mayeso a serological chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies kwa brucella mu thupi la ng'ombe ndizolakwika kapena kudalirika kwawo kumayankhidwa. Mayeso a Allergic akuchitika motere:
- 0,1 ml ya mapuloteni omwe amachokera ku mabructeria a Brucella amaloledwa kumalo a scapula wa nyama.
- Pa tsiku lachiwiri pambuyo pa mayesero, zomwe zimachitika kale zikhoza kuwonedwa - kufiira pa malo opangiramo jekeseni, kupanga mapangidwe ndi kutulutsidwa kwa kulowa mkati kumaonedwa kuti ndibwino.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zili ndi chilankhulo chawo chomwe amasonyeza mmene akumvera kapena kulankhulana. Asayansi atulukira mitundu yoposa khumi yokhalamo, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chakuti kafukufukuyu wa brucellosis nthawi zambiri amasonyeza zotsatira zabwino zowombeka, chitsimikizo chotsiriza chimapangidwa kokha pambuyo powerenga kafukufuku wa serological. 
Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza
Ngati ma diagnostic a ma laboratory amatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa brucella m'magazi a nyama, ndiye kuti mankhwala ophera ma antibiotic ayenera kuyamba pomwepo, kawirikawiri majeremusi amatha kupereka mankhwala oletsa tetracycline ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi chloramphenicol.
Ankafunikanso ma immunostimulants osiyanasiyana ndi ma immunomodulators. Imfa ya matenda ndi yotheka ngati ng'ombe ikutha, zakudya zake ndizosauka komanso zosasangalatsa, ndipo malo amtunduwu ndi osweka.
Mufufuze chimene muli zizindikiro ndi mmene tiyenera kuchitira: EMKAR, chifuwa, walleye, BLUETONGUE, leptospirosis, acidosis, zilonda catarrhal malungo, beriberi, anaplasmosis, atony proventriculus, babesiosis, thelaziasis, parainfluenza, nsungu, vaginitis, actinomycosis ng'ombe.Nthawi zambiri ng ombe zoterezi zimatumizidwa kukapha, ndipo malo omwe nyama zodwalazo zimakhala zimatetezedwa bwino.
Njira zazikuluzikuluzi ndizofunika kwambiri, koposa zonse, mtengo wapatali wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a gulu lonse la odwala. 
Kodi vuto ndi chiyani kwa anthu?
Si nyama zokha zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi brucella. Mukamamwa mkaka wochuluka, nyama ndi tchizi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'thupi la munthu ndikupatsira ziwalo zathu.
Kukhoza kwa matenda a Brucella ndi apamwamba kwambiri pakati pa ogwira ntchito m'minda ya ziweto omwe akukhudzana ndi nyama zodwala.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi njira zoyenera kukonza mkakaZizindikiro ndi magawo a chitukuko cha matendawa mwa anthu ali ofanana ndi ng'ombe - malungo, malungo, kutaya thupi, zotupa mu ziwalo zamkati, zotupa zogonjetsa ndi zopweteka m'maganizo ndi minofu.
Pamene zizindikirozi zimachitika, nkofunika kuti mwamsanga mufunsane ndi dokotala kwa mayesero a kachipatala kuti mudziwe kuti mankhwalawa ndi a brucellosis. 
Kupweteka kumodzi kungakhale chizindikiro cha brucellosis
Kuteteza ndi katemera motsutsana ndi brucellosis ya ng'ombe
Mukhoza kuteteza famu yanu ku matenda a brucellosis pokwaniritsa zofunikira izi:
- Katemera wamba nthawi zonse. Katemera sikutsimikiziranso kuti kupanga chitetezo choteteza chitetezo champhamvu chomwe chimatsutsana ndi brucella, koma ndi chithandizo chake mudzatha kupewa mliri pakati pa gulu lonse.
- Kugwirizana ndi miyezo yaukhondo ya zinyama, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsedwa kumalo osungiramo katundu komanso malo osungirako mankhwala nthawi zonse.
- Kufufuza nyama nthawi zonse ndi veterinarian. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ng'ombe yodwala iyenera kukhala yodzipatula ndi nyama zina mpaka itachiritsidwa.
- Poyanjana ndi zinyama, ogwira ntchito kumunda nthawi zonse azigwiritsa ntchito zovala zoteteza - magalasi owonongeka, zovala ndi mabotolo.
- Pambuyo pochotsa mimba kapena kuperewera kwa mayi, chipindacho chiyenera kutengedwera mwadzidzidzi, ndipo phokoso liyenera kuonongedwa kapena kutumizidwa ku labotale ya zofufuzira kuti ifufuze kufufuza.
- Kupeza nyama zatsopano kapena zinyama m'khola - zokha kuchokera kwa obereketsa ovomerezeka. Musanayambe kukomana ndi gulu lonselo, nyamayo iyenera kukhala payekha kwa masiku 7-14.
Video: Brucellosis
Ndemanga
Brucellosis imayesedwa yokhazikika pakukhazikitsa chikhalidwe cha Brucella kuchokera ku chilengedwe, chitsimikizo chabwino, kapena zotsatira zabwino kuchokera ku ziphunzitso zotsatirazi za serological za nyama zosadetsedwa: ng'ombe (buffalo, yak, zebu), ngamila ndi akavalo - panthawi imodzimodziyo mu REED ndi RA ali ndi nthendayi ya anti IU / ml ndi pamwamba; nkhosa ndi mbuzi mu RA ndi anti-antibody titer 100 IU / ml ndi apamwamba; nyerere ndi agalu - mu RA ali ndi 50% UU / ml kapena apamwamba; nyama zamtundu uliwonse - mu RSK mu dilution ya serum 1: 5 ndi pamwamba.
Ndi zotsatira zabwino za maphunziro a serological za nyama zosadetsedwa: ng'ombe (buffalo, yak, zebu), ngamila, mahatchi - kokha RA ndi antibody titter 50 ... 100 IU / ml; nkhosa, mbuzi, nyerere (RA) ali ndi RA ndi antibody titer ya 25 ... 50 IU / ml - anafufuzidwanso pambuyo 15 ... masiku 30. Ndi zizindikiro zowonjezereka, matendawa amalingaliridwa;
Ngati ngongoleyi ikhalebe yofanana, yambani kufufuza kwina (malinga ndi Malamulo ovomerezeka).
Matendawa amawoneka ngati atapangidwa ndi nyama zomwe zisanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi RA ndi 100 IU / ml komanso pamwamba ndi (RS) (RDSK) pakusintha kwa 1: 5 ndi pamwamba, zapezeka kuti brucellosis sizinapambane.
