Nkhumbazi zinabweretsedwa ku Ulaya m'zaka za m'ma 1600 ndi Aspanya ochokera ku America, komwe kale anali akunyumba. Mbalame zazikuluzikuluzi ndi nyama zosakaniza zinayamba kubzala m'nyumba zambiri za nkhuku. Pofuna kubala mbewu zamtundu watsopano zimatenga obereketsa. Ganizirani mitundu yambiri ya nkhuku zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa nthenga ndi kulemera kwake.
Turkey nyama nyama (broiler)
Nkhukuzi zimakula makamaka chakudya chokoma chodyera, ngakhale mazira a Turkey amawonongedwa. Chifukwa chake, kusankha mtundu wa turkeys makamaka kumaphatikizapo kubereketsa nyama ndi mitsempha, makamaka popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dzira imakhala yochepa kusiyana ndi mitundu ya dzira.
Mukudziwa? Nyama ya ku Turkey imapangidwa kuchokera ku mapuloteni osakanizika (pafupifupi 28%) ndipo imalimbikitsa zakudya ndi zakudya za ana. Pali calcium yambiri kuposa nkhuku, ndipo pali zitsulo zambiri kuposa ng'ombe. Muli ndi mavitamini awiri osapitirira purines kuposa nyama ya nkhuku, ndipo akulimbikitsidwa mndandanda wa anthu odwala urolithiasis.
Mitundu ya turkeys si yaikulu - pafupifupi khumi ndi atatu. Osati kale kwambiri, mitundu yambiri ya turkeys inamera, yomwe imadziwika ndi kupuma mofulumira, komwe kungapitilire makilogalamu 20. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu akuluakulu a minofu minofu ndi maonekedwe abwino kwambiri. Kuchokera kwa nyama pa kuphedwa kwa miyala imeneyo kungathe kufika pa 80%. 
Kulemera kwazitsamba kumagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa malinga ndi kulemera kwake:
- kuwala - mpaka 9 kg;
- wamkati - mpaka 18 kg;
- zolemera - kufika pa makilogalamu 25.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere nkhuku zapanyumba pakhomo.
Zapamwamba-6
Wotchuka kwambiri tsopano wotchedwa White--chested Turkey, womwe uli boilers olemera. Yoyambitsidwa ndi British United Turkeys (UK), imadziwika kuti "Big 6". Zitsanzo zina zimatha kufika makilogalamu 40. Izi ndizomwe zimapangika kwambiri pamtambo wa turkeys, mwamsanga kulemera. 
Inde, kaŵirikaŵiri turkeys sichibweretsedwa kulemera kwake, chifukwa nkhuku nyama yomwe yafika pokhwima mokwanira ili kale yovuta. Kawirikawiri, amuna amatha kufika polemera makilogalamu 22-25, ndi akazi - 11 makilogalamu. Nkhonozi zimatumizidwa kuti ziphedwe, kawirikawiri mumyezi 3-4, popeza kuti mbalameyi imakonzedwa mofulumira kwambiri, sizongomveka.
Mbalamezi zokhala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu zimakhala ndi mdima woyera ndi chida chakuda chaching'ono pachifuwa, khosi lalitali, lalitali, lalitali. Mphuno yamtundu wa turkeys iyi imatchulidwa kwambiri mwa amuna ndipo ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Mazira okonzedwa ndi mazira ndi mazira 100 pa mpweya wabwino.
Video: zomwe zimasunga kusunga Big-6 turkeys
Koma-8
Mwatsopano watsopano womwe unachokera pamtanda nyama gulu lolemera kuchokera ku British United Turkeys. Amuna amafika polemera makilogalamu 27, pamene akazi amafika 10 kg. Amakhala ndi maonekedwe oyera, oyera mtima ndi miyendo yaitali komanso amodzi. Nthenga zowonongeka zimapangitsa thupi kupanga mawonekedwe a nyama zowonjezera. Kuphedwa kungatheke kuchokera sabata la 14. 
Kuwotcha mazira - mazira pafupifupi 100 kuti apindule.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu ya turkeys imapezeka poyenda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mizere yawo, yomwe imatulutsidwa pansi pa zootechnical. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimadziwonetseratu zokha m'badwo woyamba ndipo, monga mitundu yonse ya hybrids, sizimapereka makhalidwe awo kwa ana. Koma ngati chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze nyama yambiri pakupha nkhuku ndi kofunikira kwa inu, ndiye kuti muyang'anire mitanda ya nyama ndikugula mazira kapena nkhuku.
Chifuwa chachikulu
Nthenda yofala kwambiri, yoyenera minda yamagulu ndi minda ya nkhuku. Anakhazikitsidwa ku USA m'zaka za makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera ku Dutch white and brested bronze turkeys. Amuna amphongo amafika 17 kg, ndipo akazi amakula mpaka 8-10 makilogalamu. Komanso, kukula kwakukulu kumachitika kale pa masiku zana limodzi. Zopweteka za mtundu uwu ndizowonjezera zofunikira zokhudzana ndi zikhalidwe zomangidwa (makamaka kutentha). 
Mphuno yambiri ndi yoyera ndi nthenga yaing'ono yamphongo yakuda pachifuwa. Maonekedwe a thupi - mwa mawonekedwe a chiwindi, chifuwa chachikulu, miyendo yambiri yogawanika ndi kukula kwake.
Dziwani zambiri za mtundu wofiira kwambiri.
Kuyambira pafupi ndi miyezi 9, akazi amaika mazira ndipo amatha kunyamula mazira 100-120 olemera 80-90 g panthawi yopindulitsa, yomwe idzakhala ndi feteleza pa 85-90%. Mwa izi, 60-75% nkhuku zambiri zimachokera.
Video: Kuphimba koyera kwa breast-breasted
Chifuwa chachikulu cha Canada
Maziko a kuswana kwa mtundu wa broiler anali mtundu wam'tchire wa Amerika Turkey ndi Chingerezi mtundu wamtundu. Analandira ku America, ndipo dzina lake nthawi zambiri limakhalabe America. Ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ana opulumuka. Mankhwalawa amaphedwa ali ndi zaka 20 mpaka 23, pamene amuna nthawi zambiri amalemera 13-14 makilogalamu, ndi akazi - mpaka 8 kg. Kulemera kwake kwa amuna kungakhale makilogalamu 30, ndi akazi mpaka makilogalamu 17. Mbalame zimathamanga mwamsanga, ndipo patatha masabata asanu ndi limodzi, nkhuku zambiri zimatha kufika makilogalamu asanu.
Mtundu uli woyera kapena wakuda ndi mzere woyera wochititsa chidwi pa nthenga za mchira waukulu kwambiri. Thupi liri ndi chifuwa chachikulu ndi tapers kumchira. Chida chofiira, chibowo mu dziko losangalatsa chingathe kukula mpaka 15-20 masentimita. 
Kuwotcha kwa mazira - zidutswa 100 panthawi (chaka), ndi mazira ofikira 93%. Mazira a mkazi amayamba kunyamula kuchokera mwezi wa 9 mpaka 15 wa moyo.
Nthanga izi zatsimikiziridwa mu nyumba zonse za nkhuku ndi minda yaing'ono yamwini. Mabhonasi a mtunduwu ndiwowonjezera chakudya ndikusakaniza nyama. Koma sakulekerera ozizira ndi zojambula.
Malangizo a alimi a nkhuku: momwe angakulire nkhuku zotchedwa turkey mu sitimayi, zingati nkhuku za Turkey ndi zikuluzikulu zimalemera, momwe mungasiyanitse Turkey ndi Turkey.
Moscow Bronze
Amachokera ku zipolopolo zamkuwa zamkati ndi ku Russia. Anthu akuluakulu amafika pa zolemera izi: amuna - pafupifupi 19 makilogalamu, ndi akazi - pafupifupi 2 peresenti, pafupifupi 10 kg. Amayamba kuwerengera kuchokera kwa miyezi inayi, akafika pamtunda wa makilogalamu 4.
Mbali yaikulu ya turkeys ya mitundu iyi ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso chodziwika bwino ndi thupi lalitali. Mphuno ya mtundu uwu ikufanana ndi dzina lakuda ndi lakuda ndi sheen wokongola. Nthenga za mchira zimakhala zojambulidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi zofiira zofiira, ndipo pamphepete muli mzere wakuda wakuda, womwe uli wofiira pamphepete mwa pensulo. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo mbalame zimakhala ndi khungu lakuda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi liwonongeke. 
Kupanga mazira - kuyambira pa 80 mpaka 90 zidutswa pa nthawi. Mazira olemera pafupifupi 87 g, kubala kwawo - mpaka 95%, ndipo chitetezo cha achinyamata ndi 85-90%.
Moscow bronze ili ndi mphamvu yabwino. Nkhono za mtundu uwu zikhoza kukula osati m'mapulasi a nkhuku, koma komanso muzochitika zapadera. Iwo amasinthidwa kuti azidyetsa zikhalidwe ndi malo ozungulira.
Mukudziwa? Mtsogoleri wosatsutsika pa ziphuphu zikukula ndi United States - matani 2,669 miliyoni mu 2012. Chaka chilichonse, mbalame zokwana 270 miliyoni zimakulira ku holide ya dziko - Tsiku Loyamikira. Kwa United States, mayiko a European Union ali pamalo amodzi (matani 1,910 miliyoni), pamene Russia ali m'malo asanu (0.11 miliyoni). M'mayiko ambiri, mbalameyi ikukula mofulumira.
Hybrid Converter
Mtanda unabzalidwa ku Canada. Pakubereka mtundu umenewu, cholinga chake chinali kupeza nyama ndi makhalidwe abwino pa zokolola. Cross Hybrid Converter imapezeka podutsa woyera wachi Dutch ndi mitsuko yamtundu wambiri wa bronze. Iwo amadziwika kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse chifukwa amatha kulemera mwamsanga. Zitsanzo za anthu akuluakulu zimayendera zizindikiro zotsatirazi: amuna - pafupifupi 20-22 makilogalamu, akazi - 10-12 makilogalamu. Komanso, mndandanda wochuluka womwe ukupezeka pa msinkhu wa masabata 20. Zokolola za nyama yoyera kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi ndi pafupifupi 80-85%. Nkhumba zina zimatha kufika makilogalamu 30. 
Mbalame zazikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi mvula yoyera ndi mchira wokongola kwambiri. Mtembo uli ndi uthenga wabwino, monga mbalame zokhala ndi nthenga zoyera zili ndi khungu loyera.
Amuna amatha kunyamula mazira ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 9, koma osapitirira 50 zidutswa pachaka. Ndondomeko yotengera makoswe amatha masiku pafupifupi 29.
Impervious ndipo mwamsanga imasinthira ku nyengo yomwe amakhala. Mbalame zotchedwa Highbrid Converter zimatha kufika mofulumira pafupifupi 45 km / h.
Video: Review Crossbreed Highbridge Converter
Mazira oyendetsa turkeys
Nkhuku zotulutsa mazira zili ndi chifukwa chotha kunyamula mazira, nthawi zambiri ndi cholinga chobala. Mazira a Turkey ndi aakulu kuposa nkhuku ndipo amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri, ndipo kukoma kwake kuli kofanana ndi nkhuku. Malingana ndi zakudya zake komanso zakudya zamtunduwu zimapezeka m'malo achitatu pambuyo pa zinziri ndi mazira a mbalame. Pa nthawi yomweyo turkeys ikhoza kulemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigulitsa katundu.
Onetsetsani kuti nkhuku zimabala nyama ndi mazira okolola.
Big-9
Mtandawu uli ndi mvula yoyera ndipo ndi yosiyana kulemera kolemera ndi kutulutsa kwakukulu. Anapezedwa ndi British United Turkeys. Amayi akuluakulu 9 angathe kunyamula mazira pafupifupi 118 chaka chonse. Komanso, pafupifupi ma 80-85% mazira adzabadwanso. Nkhuku zambiri zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: amuna - pafupifupi makilogalamu 17, ndi turkeys - pafupifupi 9 kg. 
Nkhumba zazikuluzikulu zisanu ndi zitatu zimakhala ndi chipiriro chabwino ndikudzichepetsa mu chisamaliro chawo, mwamsanga zimakhala bwino m'deralo. Kuonjezera apo, mtundu uwu sumafuna ndalama zodyetsa zodyetsa, ndipo phindu lolemera ndi lofulumira. Mitundu yotereyi imatha kubzalidwa m'mapulasi a nkhuku m'makampani komanso m'madera ena.
White Moscow
Mtundu wa turkeys woyera wa Moscow unapezeka ku Russia. Cholinga chachikulu cha kubereka mtundu umenewu chinali kupeza nyama zakudya ndi dzira lapamwamba. Chifukwa cha kuswana kwa mtundu uwu chinali mtundu woyera wa Dutch, woyera ndi wa Belstvile. Iyi ndi mitundu yochepa ya mtundu wa Turkey. Akuluakulu amalandira zizindikiro zotsatirazi polemera: Amuna amapindula osapitirira 16 kg, ndipo akazi - pafupifupi 8 kg. Pafupi miyezi 5-6 kufika 4 kg wolemera.
Mphuno ya mtundu uwu ndi yoyera, ndipo pali malo wakuda pachifuwa. Nkhumba zimasiyana ndi zazikazi zowonongeka kwambiri, komanso pamakhala phokoso lalitali m'khosi. Mtundu wa mbalamezi ndi wausinkhu wautali, miyendo ndi yaitali, ndipo mtundu wobiriwira wa mlomowo ukuwongolera pang'ono.
A Turkey akhoza kutenga pafupifupi 90-110 mazira chaka chonse. Mitundu imeneyi imasinthira mofulumira kumadera osiyanasiyana ndipo imaonedwa kuti ndi yotalika kwambiri.
Chifuwa chachikulu chazitsulo
Anapezedwa ku America chifukwa cha ziphuphu zakutchire ndi mtundu wakuda wa Chingerezi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa kuswana. Mbali yaikulu ya mtundu uwu ndi gawo lalikulu la chifuwa, choncho dzina. Ali ndi maonekedwe abwino a mdima wonyezimira wonyezimira. Nthenga za mchira zimakhala zofiira m'mbali yaing'ono ya brownish ndi mphonje yakuda ndi yoyera pamwamba pa khola. Muzimayi, m'mbali mwa bere, mvula yoyera imawonekera. Mbalame zazikulu zimalandira thupi lolemera: amuna - pafupifupi makilogalamu 16, akazi - pafupifupi 10 kg. 
Pafupifupi, akazi akhoza kunyamula mazira 100-120 chaka chonse. Pafupifupi mazira onse (80%) amamera. Pankhaniyi, akazi amakonda kuswa anapiye okha ndipo ndi amayi abwino.
Phunzirani zambiri za mtundu wamkuwa wamkuwa wamkuwa.
Koma ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu uwu sungathe kudyetsa kunja kwa chilengedwe, choncho ndi oyenera kukula panthawi yopanga.
Mtunduwu ndi wolimba komanso wolimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Virginian
Virginian breed turkeys ndi a kuona moyenera ndi kukhala ndi zokongola zoyera zoyera. Ali ndi dzina lina - white Dutch. Pamene mukukula mbalame yotereyi, ndi zofunika kupereka zinthu zomwe zingakhale zachilengedwe. Mitundu imeneyi imakhala ikukula m'nyumba yaumwini, komanso m'munda wa nkhuku. Kuloledwa kuyenda mu mpweya woyera. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi thupi laling'ono, miyendo ya kutalika ndi mutu waung'ono. Mbalame zazikulu zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi zolemera: wamwamuna - pafupifupi 9 kg, ndi wamkazi - kokha mpaka 4 kg. Dziko la Turkey lili ndi dzira lopangidwa ndi dzira - mpaka zidutswa 110 chaka chonse.
Mkaziyo amachititsa nkhuku zokha ndipo ndi mayi wabwino. Ubwino wina ndi wakuti iwo samatenga chakudya chambiri. Kuonjezera apo, mtundu uwu ndi wodzichepetsa mu chisamaliro.
Mukudziwa? Poyamba, turkeys, yomwe inauzidwa ku Ulaya m'chaka cha 1519, inali yovomerezedwa ndi anthu a ku Ulaya osati nyama, koma chifukwa cha maluwa okongola.
Wagon
Ili ndi mtanda, ndipo mwamsanga amalandira misala yochuluka. Analandiridwa ku Russia ku Caucasus. Kusiyanitsa makolo ndi abambo. Mbalamezi zili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: kulemera kwa amuna, makilogalamu 17, ndi turkeys zimakhala zolemera 10 kg. Amuna pa sabata lachisanu ndi chitatu cha moyo ali ndi thupi lolemera makilogalamu 7.
Ng'ombe zothamanga zili ndi mvula yoyera. Ali ndi thupi lonse, mapiko amphamvu komanso miyendo yaitali.
Mbalame zimadziwika osati ndi kukula kowonjezereka, komanso ndi mphamvu zabwino. Dzira lopanga mazira ndi pafupifupi 60-70 pachaka, ndipo chiwerengero chokwanira kwambiri cha 80-90%. Chitetezo cha ana ndipamwamba kwambiri, pafupifupi 99%.
Mtundu umenewu ndi woyenera pa zokhazokha payekha.
Heaton
Nkhono za mtunduwu zimabzala Khiton (Khidon) makamaka zoyera. Ili ndi mtanda, wotumizidwa kuchokera ku Netherlands. Akuluakulu amawapeza zizindikiro zotsatirazi: kulemera kwake kumapanga makilogalamu 19-20, nkhuku zapakati pa 12-15 makilogalamu. Kulemera kwakukulu kumafikira patangotha masabata makumi atatu. Kwa nyengo, mkaziyo akhoza kunyamula mazira 90-110.
Mayi ndi chitsogozo cha nyama
Mazira a nkhuku ndi nyama amapereka nyama zocheperapo kusiyana ndi mitundu ya nyama, koma nthawi yomweyo amatha kukhala ndi mazira 100 pachaka.
Canadian Bronze
Anachokera, monga momwe tingawonere ku mutu, ku Canada, kawirikawiri. Imakhala ndi chipiriro chabwino ndipo imasinthidwa ndi nyengo yozizira. Dzina lake linali chifukwa cha mtundu wosazolowereka: maonekedwe a mtundu wofiira-wofiira ndi mkuwa wamkuwa. Amuna am'munsi, pamtunda ndi m'khosi amdima kwambiri, pafupifupi amdima, ndi kumbuyo kwake, kuwonjezera pa mtundu wakuda, mzerewo umatulutsa mkuwa. Mchira umakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yofiira ndi yofiira, ndipo mikwingwirima yoyera imapezeka m'matumbo ndi mapiko.
Kufiira kwa mutu kumatembenuka kukhala woyera kapena wakuda buluu. Mtundu wa mtunduwu suli wowala kwambiri: pa mapiko, chifuwa ndi kumbuyo uko kuli malire oyera ndipo palibe zokongoletsera pamutu.
Amuna amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 20, koma amatha kufika makilogalamu 30, pamene akazi amalemera kwambiri, 11-15 makilogalamu. Mukhale ndi dzira lapamwamba - zopitirira 100 zidutswa pachaka.
Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kupirira kwakukulu ndipo ikhoza kukhala kunja.
Ndikofunikira! Mazira ndi tizilombo tating'ono tomwe tikukula zimayenera kugulidwa mu minda yapadera. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamaphambano ndi ma broilers, omwe amachokera kwa akatswiri a ziweto. Ngati mukufuna kubereka ana omwe akukhala nawo okha, ndiye kuti muyenera kukhala pazinthu zokhazikika.
Fawn
Mtundu wa turkeys fawn unauzidwa ku Uzbekistan. Pakubereka mtundu uwu, cholinga chachikulu chinali kupeza mitundu yomwe idzayendetsedwa bwino Mkhalidwe wa nyengo yaku Central Asia. Choncho, timagulu ta chikasu tafala kwambiri ku Asia ndi ku Caucasus. Analandira dzina lawo chifukwa cha nthenga za nthenga - ndizosiyana ndi beige ndi mtundu wofiirira. 
Malinga ndi zikhalidwe za ndende komanso posankha chakudya, mitunduyi imatsutsana kwambiri. Kuzisunga nthawi zonse m'nyumba za nkhuku sizothandiza, ayenera kuyenda. Nkhumba za mtundu wotchedwa turkeys ndizozigawo zolemera pakati. Mbalame zazikulu zimapanga magawo otsatirawa polemera: nkhuku zowonjezera zimapanga 6-7 makilogalamu, ndipo yamphongo imakhala yolemera kwambiri kawiri - 11-12 makilogalamu.
Dziwani zambiri za zomwe zimachitika ku Uzbekistan.
Mitundu imeneyi imakula pang'onopang'ono: pakadutsa miyezi inayi, mbalameyi imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 3.5-4. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, tizilombo timatulutsa mazira ambiri - osapitirira 60 zidutswa chaka chonse. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zida za ana ndizochepa - pafupifupi 65%.
Black Tikhoretskaya
Anabadwira ku Krasnodar Territory mu 1957. Mtanda wa mtundu umenewu umasinthidwa kuti ukhale m'malo odyetserako ziweto, komanso umakhala woyenera kwa maselo. Mbali yaikulu ya Black Tikhoretsky ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lawo ndi maonekedwe okongola akuda, omwe ali ndi sheen zamkuwa. Mu khosi - nthenga zambiri zakuda. 
Kulemera kwa akuluakulu ndi awa: amuna - mpaka 10 kg, ndi akazi - pafupifupi pafupifupi 4-5 makilogalamu. Mitundu yambiri ya mphutsi imapeza minofu yofunikira kuti ipitirire kugulitsa kwa miyezi 4-5. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 3.5-4 makilogalamu, ndipo nyerere ya nyama ndi pafupifupi 60%. Azimayi a mtundu wakuda wa Tikhoretsky amanyamula mazira pafupifupi 60-80 chaka chonse. Amazitsuka mazira okha ndipo amasamala kwambiri nkhuku zazing'ono.
Video: zambiri zokhudza Black Tikhoretskaya mtundu
Tsopano chiwerengero cha zakudya zakudya za nyama chikukula mofulumira. Mitanda yambiri ya mbalame izi zapangidwa, zomwe zimatha kulemera mwamsanga. Komabe, musanayambe turkeys, muyenera kusankha malo ndi cholinga cha kulima kwawo (zochitika za nyumba yachinsinsi kapena famu ya nkhuku, nyama kapena mazira).
