Padziko lonse lapansi, zokolola za nkhumba zimagawidwa mu mitundu itatu: nyama (bacon), mafuta, nyama ndi nyama. Odyetsa anabala pafupifupi mitundu 100 ya nkhumba. Ngati mukufunafuna zabwino za mtundu uliwonse, tidzakulangizani ku nkhaniyi.
Mitundu ya nyama
Monga momwe zatchulidwira kale kuchokera ku dzina la mitundu, mtundu umene wapatsidwawo wasudzulana kuti ubale nyama. Ndi oimira awo omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri ndi lokoma, loyimiridwa mu mabuku ambiri. Mu maonekedwe, amasiyana ndi ena mu thupi lawo lokhazikika komanso losagwa kwambiri. Iwo ali ndi hams lalikulu, ndipo kutsogolo ndi kochepa kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo. Mu mitundu yosiyana, munthu mmodzi akhoza kupanga 58 mpaka 80% nyama ndi mafuta 21 mpaka 32%.
Takusankhirani kuti mufotokoze za mitundu 11 yambiri ya nyama.
Onaninso zochitika za maonekedwe a nkhumba za nkhumba.
Landrace
Nkhumba Landrace analandira kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi ndi kuyesera kwa obereketsa ku Denmark, amene adadutsa nkhumba ya Danish ndi English English. Chotsatira chake, chokhazikika ndi thupi lamphamvu, chokhazikika ku thupi lokwanira, kubwerera kumbuyo, kupyapyala kochepa, mutu waung'ono, womwe uli pamutu wandiweyani, ndi miyendo yautali yaitali. Mbali yapadera ya oimira mtundu wa Landrace - makutu akuluakulu omwe amatalika pamwamba pa maso. Khungu lawo ndi lofiira ndi pinki ya pinki, yoyera yofiira bristle imakula pa iyo.
Amuna ali ndi kutalika kwa thupi mamita 2 ndikulemera 280-300 makilogalamu, akazi - pafupifupi mamita 1.6 m'litali ndi 200-220 makilogalamu. Komabe, ngakhale kukula kwakukulu ndi kulemera kwake, nkhumbazi zimakhudza kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chabwino.
Dziwani zambiri za kubereka nkhumba za Landrace.
Kubereketsa nyama nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa ndi akatswiri, komabe, ngati zofunikira zimaperekedwa, ndiye kuti kubereka ndi kubereka kungatheke pakhomo. Chiwerengero chovomerezeka cha nkhumba za boar ndi 30 patsiku, chifukwa cha anyamata mpaka 15. Ngati ali ndi zibwenzi zabwino, ana amabadwa tsiku la 114. Chiberekero Landras ndi chachikulu kwambiri - pa nthawi ikhoza kubweretsa nkhumba zopitirira 10.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwongolera mobwerezabwereza kwa mabotolo kumabweretsa kuwona kuti iye wasokoneza kwambiri khalidwe la umuna, motero kuti pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu (6) zidzakhala zosayenera kubereka. Choncho, nkofunika kuti musapitirire izi.
Njira yaikulu nkhumba Landrace - Izi ndi zomwe zili ndi nyama mwa 2-5% kuposa mitundu ina. Amapeza peresenti ya mafuta. Kuwonjezera apo, nyama zinyama zimakhala ndi kukula mofulumira - pakadutsa miyezi iwiri makanda ali kale ndi makilogalamu pafupifupi 20, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakula 700 g patsiku. Makilogalamu 100 a nyamakazi amatha kupitirira miyezi 6 yokha atabadwa.
Zina mwa zofooka - mu nkhumba zoyera zimadwala miyendo ya kumapazi, chifukwa chake, poyenda ndi kuthamanga, imagunda kumbuyo kwake. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amasankha kuwoloka mtundu umenewu m'mayiko onse a dziko lapansi ndi mabungwe ena amtundu wambiri kuti azitha kukhala olimba kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba inakhala imodzi mwa zinyama zoyamba zokoledwa ndi munthu. Pali umboni wofukulidwa m'mabwinja womwe umapezeka ku Middle East, wosonyeza kuti unalimbikitsidwa ndi anthu 12.7-13,000 zapitazo. Zotsalira za zinyama zapakhomo zinapezekanso ku Cyprus. Malingana ndi chiwerengero cha akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, ali ndi zaka zoposa 11,000.
Duroc
Maboti a Duroc anawonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Kuti apeze izo, nkhumba zofiira za Guinean ndi Berkshire zinadutsa. Msuzi imalembedwa ku USA. Oimira ake ali aakulu kukula kwake: kutalika kwa thupi kwa amuna ndi akazi kuli pafupi mamita 1.8, kulemera kwake ndi 300 kg. Amakhala ndi thupi lamphamvu, mutu wamkati, makutu autali omwe amakhala pamphumi, mmbuyo mwa mawonekedwe a arc, apamwamba, miyendo yamphamvu. Chinthu chosiyana kwambiri cha nkhumba za Duroc ndi mtundu: ndi zofiira mwa iwo.
Cholinga cha kuswana, kulima maluwawa sikungatheke, chifukwa chiberekero sichitha kwambiri. M'makampani, amagwiritsa ntchito bowa awiri kuti aziphimba akazi amodzi. Mukakwatirana ndi mitundu ina, zowonjezera zabwino zimabwera ndi zokolola zabwino ndi kupirira.
Werengani komanso zizindikiro za nkhumba za Duroc
Ubwino wa nkhumba za Duroc ndi:
- zokhudzana ndi munthu mmodzi kuyambira 58 mpaka 70% za nyama zabwino kwambiri;
- Zowonongeka - nkhumba tsiku lililonse zimatha kupeza 700-900 g, ndipo miyezi iŵiri thupi lawo lilemera makilogalamu 190;
- chipiriro;
- kusinthasintha kuyenda pa msipu;
- khalidwe labwino, labwino.
Zina mwazovuta ndizo zotsatirazi:
- Kufesa kochepa - pafupifupi makilogalamu 8 mu malita imodzi;
- chithandizo cha atrophic rhinitis matenda;
- Kuzindikira mu zakudya - ndikofunika kukhala ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni, choncho kudyetsa nkhumbazi ndizovuta.
Bacon ya Estonia
Nkhumbazi zinakhazikitsidwa pamaziko a Finnish, mtundu wawukulu woyera ndi Landrace. Khama la obereketsa liwatsogolera kuoneka kwa zinyama ndi thupi lopangidwa bwino, kumanga mwamphamvu, mutu wamkati, ndi miyendo yolimba. Makutu ndi aakulu, atapachikika pansi pa maso. Mtundu woyera, ndi pinkish tinge.
Maboti okhwima amatha kutalika kwa mamita 1,85 ndikulemera makilogalamu 300. Mayi okhwima ali ndi kutalika kwa thupi 1.65m, wolemera - 260 makilogalamu. Mu nyamayi imatha kugwira nyama mpaka 65%.
Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire zambiri za momwe nkhumba zimabereka.
Bacon ya ku Estonia imakulira nyama, kugulitsa zokolola komanso kudutsa nkhumba zina. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti chiberekero ndi chonde ndipo ndi amayi abwino, ndipo izi zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wa ana. Nkhumba zimalemera tsiku lililonse kwa 700-750 g.
Amakonda kutulutsa zitsambazi, chifukwa ali ndi nyama zokoma, zokoma komanso zokoma, zimasinthidwa kuyenda pa msipu, amakhala ndi miyeso yambiri yobereka, kusungidwa bwino ndi ubwino wa zinyama, zosavuta kudya.
Nkhumbazi zili ndi minuses yochepa. Izi zikuphatikizapo zolakwika mu thupi - kukhalapo kwa kukhuta ndi kupachika sacrum, komanso kufooka kwa mutu wa mutu.
Berkshire
Mitundu ya Berkshire inatenga anthu a ku Britain. Anadutsa nkhumba zazikulu za Chingerezi ndi China. Kuchokera kwa makolo awo, oimira anthuwa adzalandira thupi lolimba kumanga bwino, chifuwa chachikulu, chakuya, mutu wamkati, makutu ang'onoang'ono okongola ndi pang'ono pang'ono. Mtundu wawo uli wakuda ndi mawanga oyera pa miyendo, misozi ndi mchira. Tikayerekezera mabotolo a Berkshire ndi mitundu ina, malamulo awo ndi ogwirizana komanso okometsetsa.
Amuna akuluakulu amalemera makilogalamu 220-250, akazi - 180-220 makilogalamu. Nyama yawo ndi yabwino kwambiri. Ndi mtembo ukupita ku 88% nyama.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe bwino malamulo oyamwitsa nkhumba.
Oimira a mtundu wotchulidwawo sangawatchedwe kuti ndi ochuluka - pafupifupi, amabereka ana 8-9. Komabe, nkhumbazi zimakhala mofulumizitsa - ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi zimakhala zolemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 100, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumafikira 670-750 g.
Ubwino wosakayika wa nkhumba za Berkshire ndizo:
- chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha nyama ndi mafuta;
- zogulitsa kwambiri za nyama, makamaka achinyamata;
- zokolola zazikulu;
- mwayi wodyera msipu;
- zopatsa zokwanira ndi zakudya.
Kusabereka kwa akazi kumatha kuonedwa kuti ndi kovuta kwa berkshirs, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala opanda phindu pofuna kugulitsa nkhumba; komanso miyendo, atayima ndi kalata "X".
Chi Lithuanian choyera
Kulembetsa kwa nkhumba yoyera ya Lithuanian yomwe inachitika ku Lithuania kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri. Matenda akuluakuluwa, amphamvu kwambiri amadziwika ndi 175 cm masentimita (155 masentimita) ndipo mutu wamtunduwu umakhala kutalika kwa kutalika kwa khosi. Makutu awo ndi ochepa ndipo, mosiyana ndi miyala yambiri ya bacon, musakhale pamwamba pa maso. Kumbuyo kwawo kuli kolunjika, kwakukulu, pang'ono. Mizere imayikidwa bwino, khala ndi kutalika kwautali. Bristle mtundu woyera.
Amuna akuluakulu amalemera makilogalamu 330, akazi - 260 makilogalamu. Nkhumba za miyezi isanu ndi umodzi zakhala ndi makilogalamu pafupifupi 100. Kupindula kwawo tsiku ndi tsiku kumafika 750 g.
Ofesa amawerengedwa kukhala ochuluka, monga ana khumi ndi awiri kapena kuposerapo amatha kusokonezeka pa nthawi.
Muyeneranso kuphunzira za matenda a nkhumba monga: Mliri waku Africa, pasteurellosis, parakeratosis, erysipelas.
Pofuna kuti nyama zizikhala zabwino, nkhumba zoyera za Lithuania zimakhala pamodzi ndi mtundu wa Landrace. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulemera kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa hybrids kumawonjezeka ndi 8-10%, ndipo mtengo wa chakudya wacheperachedwa ndi ma unit unit of 0.35-1.45.
Zokolola za nyama pa nyama za mtundu uwu ndi 55%, mafuta - 3.6%.
Ubwino wa nkhumba zoyera za ku Lithuania ndi makhalidwe abwino obereka ana, apamwamba kwambiri, makamaka mu hybrids. Zina mwa zofooka za zofooka mu deta zakunja ndizogwedezeka kosalekeza, zofooka zopanda mphamvu, kukhalapo pakati pa mapewa.
Pietrain
Ng'ombe za Belgian Pietrain zinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda nkhumba, zazikulu zoyera, Berkshire ndi Yorkshire. Zimamangidwa bwino, ndi thupi lalikulu la minofu. Mutu si waukulu. Kumva kuli kochepa ndipo kumatuluka panja. Mtundu wawo umapezeka.
Nkhumba zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 250, akazi - mpaka 230 kg.
Pietrain ali ndi zovuta zambiri kuposa zopindulitsa. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokolola kuti apititse patsogolo nyama.
Ŵerenganinso chomwe chiri mtundu wa nkhumba petren
Zotsatira Zabwino:
- zabwino nyama zokolola - 70%;
- Musakhale wochuluka.
Kuipa:
- Zomwe zimafesedwa - pafupifupi, anthu 8;
- Kulemera kwapang'ono kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa nkhumba - 500-550 g;
- kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ndi kuwonetsetsa kwa zovuta;
- chakudya chovuta;
- nyama;
- kusalolera kulekerera kutentha ndi kutentha.
Lacombe
Lacombe nkhumba zinkaonekera ku Canada, kumene amalimi amadziwikabe. Pokhala ndi zolinga zowonjezera zinyama zokhala ndi makhalidwe abwino komanso zakuthupi, komanso kukhala olemera kwambiri, oweta ziweto amachita zonsezi.
Ambiri a Lacombe akulemera makilogalamu 272, akazi - makilogalamu 222. Nyama zimakhala zazikulu, zimakhala ndi thupi limodzi, mutu waung'ono, makutu akuluakulu atapachikika pamaso ndi miyendo yochepa. Mwa chikhalidwe phlegmatic, mosamala mwatcheru.
Alimi amakonda mtundu uwu chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino monga:
- kuchulukitsa kwafesa;
- kukula kwachinyamata;
- kukwiya;
- kukana kupanikizika;
- nyama;
- kukana rhinitis.
Hampshire
Artiodactyls adatchulidwa ku chigawo cha Chingerezi kumene anabadwira - Hampshire. Komabe, adalandira chivomerezo ku United States.
Amuna amayeza 300-320 makilogalamu iliyonse, akazi amalemera makilogalamu 230-250. Iwo ali ndi thupi lokhalitsa, molunjika kumbuyo kwenikweni, mutu waung'ono ndi makutu, miyendo yochepa. Kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi mtundu - ndi wakuda ndi lamba woyera pamwamba pa mulandu.
Zoipa za mtundu uwu ndi zofanana ndi ubwino. Amakonda kulikula kuti awoloke ndi ziweto zina kuti apititse patsogolo nyama, popeza Hampshireres ali ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri, komanso amayamba kucha.
UhNkhumbazi zimadziwika ndi chipiriro, mphamvu ya chitetezo cha mthupi ndi ntchito, kupindula kwakukulu ndi chibadwa chabwino cha amayi. Pa nthawi yomweyi ali amanyazi, amatha kuvutika maganizo, osabereka (6-8 nkhumba mu malita imodzi).
Ndikofunikira! Nkhumba za Hampshire ndi zamanyazi komanso zosasunthika kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zilizonse zosasangalatsa kwa iwo kapena zovuta zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo pa kulemera. Ng'ombe za nkhumba ngakhale kumangidwa kwathunthu kumatheka. Choncho, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nkhumba zimalandira zonse zomwe zimafunikira ndikuzisamalira bwino.
Urzhumskaya
Nkhumba za Urzhum zinalengedwa ndipo zimazindikiridwa pakati pa zaka zapitazi ku Russia. Izi ndi zazikulu, zolimba, zinyama zamatabwa ndi zikopa zazikulu. Iwo ali ndi nkhope yoyera komanso mbali yayitali. Thupi la boar ndilolumikiza kutalika - masentimita 180, chiberekero - masentimita 170. Mutu ndi waung'ono, makutu amalemetsa, amawoneka pamaso. Kumbuyo kumakhala kosalala, mimba ndi yaikulu, kupachikidwa. Miyendo yamphamvu, yamphamvu. Khunguli liri loyera ndi bristles woyera.
Amuna aakulu amapeza makilogalamu 350, akazi - makilogalamu 100 osachepera.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge za mitundu ina ya nkhumba: Chihungary mangalica, Vietnamese vislobryukhaya, karmala, mdima wofiira, downy mangalica
Ntchito zobereka ndi chibadwa cha amayi m'magulu a Urzhum zimapangidwa bwino. Chiberekero chimakhalapo-pafupipafupi, pakati pa 11 ndi 13 nkhumba zimabweretsa ana amodzi. Kulemera kwa phindu m'magulu ang'onoang'ono patsiku ndi pafupifupi 720 g. Mmene nyamazi zimagwirira ntchito ndi nyama 53-55% ndi mafuta 35-36%. Mafuta olemera - pafupifupi masentimita 2.5. Nyama ili ndi makhalidwe abwino, oyenera kupanga nyama yankhumba.
Abereketsa amakonda kupanga mtundu uwu chifukwa chake:
- nyama;
- mwayi wodyetsa msipu;
- kusowa chisamaliro;
- Kukaniza chisanu kutentha ndipo, motero, kuthekera kwa kukula kwa kumpoto;
- kukwiya;
- chibadwa cholera bwino cha amayi pachikazi.
Zonsezi zapamwambazi zimaphatikizapo zovuta zingapo za mtunduwu: kubwerera kumbuyo, kagawa kakang'ono, ndi mafuta ochepa pansi pa khungu.
Tamworth
Imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri padziko lonse, inapezedwa ku England. Oimira ake amadziwika ndi thupi lamphamvu, fupa la fupa la mafupa komanso chitsimikizo chamtundu, chomwe chimatuluka nthawi yaitali. Mutu wawo ndi wawung'ono, umayikidwa pa khosi lakuda. Maso ndi aakulu, owongoka. Mizere ndi yamphamvu. Thupi limaphimbidwa ndi ubweya wambiri.
Fecundity ya akazi ndi otsika - 6-10 piglets. Kukula kwa ngongole yachinyamata ndibwino - amalemera makilogalamu 100 ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri kapena isanu ndi itatu.
Zina mwa ubwino wa nkhumba Tamworth:
- wochezeka ndi womasuka;
- chipiriro;
- kusintha kwa kutentha;
- pickiness kudyetsa;
- nyama yabwino kwambiri;
- kutchulidwa kwa chibadwa cha amayi kumabzala.
Mangal
Boars Brazier amawoneka mofanana ndi makolo awo - nkhumba zakutchire ndi mangalitsa. Mutha kuwazindikira ndi tsitsi lalitali, kumbuyo kumayima pamapeto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofanana ndi makolo achilendo. Kuti izi ziwalole kuti apulumuke mu nyengo yowawa. Izi ndi zikuluzikulu zinyama zazikulu zokhala ndi mimba yaikulu, ngakhale nsana ndi miyendo yaifupi. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana. Nkhumba zing'onozing'ono zimakhala ndi mizere kumbuyo kwawo.
Akuluakulu amalemera 250-300 makilogalamu (boar), 160-200 makilogalamu (kubzala). Olemba mbiri olembedwa omwe afika pamtunda wa theka la tani.
Ntchito yaikulu ya nkhumba Brazier - wokongola kwambiri komanso kukoma kwa nyama. Sali osasamala za chisamaliro ndi chakudya, amasiyana ndi kukula msinkhu, kupirira, ndi kusintha kwa chisanu cha frosty.
Zowonongeka ndizochepa. Zina mwazo - kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha achinyamata (pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndikupeza makilogalamu 70 okha), tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (8-10 piglets), mtengo wamtengo wapatali.
Fufuzani chifukwa chake nkhumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito manyowa a nkhumba monga feteleza
Mitundu ya nyama
Oimira nyama zakutchire kapena zamoyo zonse amadziwika ndi kulemera kwake kwa thupi ndi mafuta. Munthu mmodzi mwa mitundu iyi akhoza kubala kuchokera ku 53 mpaka 65% ya nyama ndi mafuta 29 mpaka 37%.
Oyera oyera
Nguruwe yoyera yoyera inkaonekera pa obereketsa ziweto kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ku England. Choncho, dzinali limadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu. - ali ndi kumbuyo ndi chifuwa chachikulu, chachikulu kumbuyo, lalikulu gammon. Mutu ndi makutu ndizochepa. Mizere ndi yaifupi. Mimba imatuluka. Khungu lofiira limaphimbidwa ndi white bristles.
Amuna akuluakulu amalemera makilogalamu 340, akazi - 230. Achinyamata akukula mofulumira - 600-900 g pa tsiku. Chaka chingathe kulemera makilogalamu 200.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe mwatsatanetsatane ndi zizindikiro za nkhumba zoyera zazikulu.
Zokolola za nyama za mtundu uwu ndi 82%. Mapinduwa akuphatikizanso:
- kupirira bwino;
- kukwiya;
- (10-12 piglets).
- kusowa chisamaliro ndi chakudya;
- pamwamba kwambiri.
Tsoka ilo, mabwatowa ali ndi zolakwa zambiri. Zina mwa izo ndi:
- kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri;
- matanthwe ofooka;
- kupachika sacrum;
- dzuwa likalowa m'chilimwe, khungu limakhala ndi zilonda.
Chiyukireniya woyera steppe
Mitunduyo inalengedwa kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi nyengo ya kum'mwera kwa Ukraine. Anthu am'deralo anali ndi ziboliboli zazikulu zoyera ndipo analandira boar yoyera ya ku Ukraine yotchedwa Ascanius I. Masiku ano, anthu amtundu uwu amadziwika ndi mafupa amphamvu, a kukula kwapakati pamutu, makutu akuluakulu akuyang'ana maso, miyendo yamphamvu, khungu lakuda ndi tinthu tating'alu tating'alu tambiri.
Nkhumba zimakhala zolemera 300-340 makilogalamu, nkhumba 210-230 makilogalamu. Nkhumba zimakhala ndi zambiri - zimapereka ana 10-12 kwa aliyense. Mbeuyi ikulemera kwambiri - makilogalamu 100 kwa masiku 192. Kulemera kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 700 g.
О продуктивности этого домашнего скота можно судить по таким цифрам: убойный выход - 80-84 %, выход мяса - 53-54 %, выход сала - 35-36 %.
Читайте также, какие особенности содержания свиней на глубокой подстилке
Достоинства:
- адаптированность к жарким сухим климатическим условиям;
- выносливость;
- нетребовательность к еде и условиям проживания.
Недостатки:
- частое присутствие ожирения;
- свислый крестец.
Украинская степная рябая
На вид это массивное животное с широкой грудиной, спинной и поясничной зонами, некрупной головой, большими, практически закрывающими глаза ушами и хорошо развитыми окороками. Окрас - пятнистый.
Amuna ali ndi thupi lolemera makilogalamu 270-310, akazi amakhala ochepa kwambiri - 190-230 makilogalamu. Otsatirawa amadziwika ndipamwamba kwambiri - amatha kubereka mpaka 14 pa nthawi. Phindu la kulemera kwa ana ndi 600-700 g. Kulemera kwake kwa peresenti ndi miyezi 6-7-7 atabadwa.
Kutchuka kwa steppe ya ku Ukraine pogogoda nkhumba kumafotokozedwa ndi ubwino wotsatira:
- kuthekera kwamoyo ndi kuchuluka mu nyengo yotentha, youma;
- chipiriro;
- kuthekera kwa akazi kuti abereke ana a piglets oposa 12 pa nthawi;
- malingaliro abwino a amayi omwe ali amayi;
- khalidwe labwino.
Kemerovo
Breed inavomerezedwa mu 1960 mu Russia. Chifukwa chake chinapangidwira anthu ambiri. Anthu omwe amapezedwa amadziwika ndi thupi lalikulu lomwe lili ndi zifukwa zofanana, mutu wamkati, makutu ang'onoang'ono owongoka, miyendo yamphamvu, miyendo yamphamvu, mdima wakuda ndi malo oyera.
Nkhumba zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 330-350, nkhumba zimalemera makilogalamu 100. Chiberekero chimabala 10-11 nkhumba. Achinyamata amadziwika moyenera - pa miyezi 6 akulemera 100 kg. Phindu patsiku likhoza kufika 750 g
Nyama mu nkhumba za Kemerovo kuyambira 55 mpaka 60%.
Anthuwa amatha kukhala ndi moyo wambiri m'mlengalenga, ali olimba kwambiri, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi moyo wambiri. Iwo amafunira chakudya ndipo amadya chakudya chosakwanira.
North Caucasus
Mitundu ya kumpoto kwa Caucasus inakhazikitsidwa pakati pa zaka zapitazo ku Russia. Oimira ake ndi nyama zamphamvu, zomangidwa bwino. Amakhala ndi mutu wamkati, kutulutsa makutu, chifuwa chachikulu, miyendo yamphamvu, mtundu wakuda ndi motley.
Mabotolo akuluakulu amalemera makilogalamu 310-350, nkhumba - 230-250 makilogalamu. Wachiwiri amabereka nkhumba 12. Achinyamata amakula mofulumira, makilogalamu 100 akufika pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi iwiri. Pogogoda yonjezerani 700-750 g.
Nyama zimalekerera frosts bwino, zimatha kudya msipu, ndi omnivorous, zimayankha kawirikawiri chakudya chirichonse, zimadziwika ndi chipiriro ndi kukana zizindikiro za matenda. Mitsempha yosalala ndi yokhayo yokha ya zigwa zam'mphepete za ku North Caucasian.
Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire kulera ndi kusunga mbuzi, atsekwe, ng'ombe, turkeys, akalulu
Livenskaya
Kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, opanga nkhumba zong'onong'ono anagwira ntchito kuti zikhale zazikulu, zamphamvu, ndi zazikulu mafupa. Mitembo yawo ili ndi kutalika, pafupifupi mamita 175 cm (akazi - 165 cm). Mutu wafupikitsidwa. Mva ndi zazikulu, khalani patsogolo. Kumbuyo kwa anthu ena omwe amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a arc. Mizere imakhala bwino, yamphamvu. M'nyama zambiri, mtundu wa bristles ndi woyera ndi maonekedwe a imvi. Komabe, imapezedwanso wakuda, wofiira ndi kusiyana.
Powasamalira bwino komanso kudya bwino, mwamuna wamkulu amapeza makilogalamu 310-320, akazi - 230-240 makilogalamu. Nyama mu nyama ili pamlingo wa 50-55%. Amayi amabereka ana abwino - kawirikawiri ana 10-11 achinyamata panthawi. Ana amakula mofulumira, akupeza magalamu 700-750 patsiku, ndi miyezi 6-7 akuyeza centner.
Zina mwa ubwino wa nkhumba za Lebanoni ziyenera kukumbukira:
- Kukhoza kudyetsa msipu;
- wosakaniza chakudya;
- chipiriro;
- kukhazikika khalidwe.
Murom
The artiodactyl, yokhala ndi odzera a Russian, amadziwika ndi malamulo amphamvu ndi ofanana, mobwerezabwereza, mutu wawung'ono, makutu akuluakulu atapachikidwa patsogolo, wotchulidwa ham. Maso awo ndi ofewa, oyera.
Nyama zimapindulitsa kwambiri. Mabokosi amalemera makilogalamu 330, ndipo chiberekero chikulemera makilogalamu 250. Ana amatala khumi ndi anayi amayamba kubadwa. Mbewu mofulumira kukulemera, 700-750 pa tsiku, kufika kwa theka la centner.
Nyama yochokera ku nyama ndi 60-65%, mafuta - 25-30%. Nyama ndi yoyenera kwa kupanga nyama yankhumba.
Zabwino zobereketsa:
- kukula kwa achinyamata;
- kuchulukitsa kwa akazi;
- chidutswa cholimba;
- luso lodyetsa msipu;
- kukwiya.
Kum'mawa kwa Siberia
Chilendo china chofala padziko lonse ndi kumpoto kwa Siberia. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, nyama izi zimasinthidwa kuti zikhale moyo mu nyengo yowawa. Masikelo awo ndi ochepa - thupi ndilo mamita 185 masentimita yaitali kwa nkhumba ndipo mpaka 165 cm kwa azimayi. Kulemera kwake - 360 ndi 250 kg, motsatira. Thupi limamangidwa bwino. Mutu ndi waung'ono. Makutu ali okhazikika. Nsalu zochepa, koma zamphamvu, ndi ham olembedwa bwino. Bristles ndi yaitali, oyera. Pali nsagwada yakuda yomwe imapulumutsa nyama ku chisanu.
Nyama zokolola - 55%. Amuna amapereka ana 10-12 makilogalamu, kulemera kwake ndi 700-750 g.
Ubwino wa nkhumba za kumpoto kwa Siberia:
- iwo ndi olimba;
- khalani bata;
- mokwanira kulekerera chisanu kutentha;
- akazi ali ndi malingaliro abwino a amayi.
Mitundu yosautsa
Oyimira a mitundu yosaukayi ali ndi thupi lonse ndi lakuya, gawo lakumbuyo liri lalikulu kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo. Mmodzi mwa mtundu wa greasy akhoza kukhala ndi mafuta 40 mpaka 45% ndi pafupifupi 53% nyama.
Mdima wakuda
Wachibadwidwe wa ku England, yemwe adapezeka zaka zoposa mazana awiri zapitazo. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake, mitundu itatu inadutsa: am'derali aatali, Chinese wakuda ndi Neapolitan. Chotsatira chake, chirombo chinalengedwa mofanana, thupi lamphamvu kwambiri, mutu wamphongo, zazikulu zowonongeka, sternum zakuya, miyendo yolimba.
Kukolola kwa nkhumba zazikulu zakuda kumatha kugunda. Amuna akuluakulu amatha kulemera makilogalamu 400, akazi - kufika 300. Zokolola zokoma ndi zabwino kwambiri nyama ndi 52%, mafuta - 41%.
Ubwino wa mtunduwu suli kumapeto uko, chifukwa chiberekero chimasiyana ndi kuchulukitsa - ziphuphu 12 pa kubala Ana ali ndi kuwonjezeka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku - 700 g.
Koma pali zolakwika zonse. Izi zimaphatikizapo mapepala ambiri pakhungu ndi saggy kumbuyo.
Mirgorodskaya
The Mirgorod nkhumba inasankhidwa mu mtundu wosiyana mu 1940 ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo yakhala ikuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa mitundu yambiri ya mafuta. Lili ndi thupi lamphamvu, lolimba kumbuyo, mutu wamkati, makutu ang'ono olimba, miyendo yamphamvu. Mtundu - wakuda ndi motley.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire Mitundu ya nkhumba ya Mirgorodsky pa tsamba lanu.
Amuna okhwima amapeza makilogalamu 300, akazi - 100 makilogalamu ochepa. Kutenga kwazimayi - nkhumba 10, zomwe zimaonedwa ngati chizindikiro chabwino. Amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ana ndipo ali ndi amayi omwe ali ndi udindo. Ana akuwongolera mwakhama, akupeza kulemera kwa tsiku pafupifupi 700 g.
Chinthu chachikulu cha nkhumba za Myrhorod ndi mafuta awo, amadziwika kuti ndizofotokozera, popeza ali ndi masentimita 4.5 ndi kukoma kwake. Koma nyama zomwe zimatuluka ndizosauka.
Mukudziwa? Mu Middle Ages panali makhoti omwe amayesa nkhumba. Poyenda momasuka m'misewu ya midzi, izi zamoyo zamtunduwu zinkasweka m'nyumba ndipo zinavulaza kapena kupha ana aang'ono. Nyama zoterezi zinayesedwa ndi kutsekeredwa m'ndende, kawirikawiri zinaphedwa..
Choncho, posankha mtundu wa nkhumba, muyenera kuganizira za cholinga chomwe mukufuna kukhala nacho. Pakati pa nyama, nyama ndi mafuta zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yowonetsera, yomwe imatha kuthandiza kumanga bizinesi yabwino, ndipo chonde dziwani abale awo ndi nyama yapamwamba ndi nyama yankhumba. Musanagule mtundu wina, muyenera kudziŵa zofunikira zake.
Ndemanga za ogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti
