Anthu ambiri, atamva kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za nkhumba, nthawi yomweyo imakhala ndi nkhumba zowirira pinki ndi chitsulo chophwanyika. Koma ndife wokonzeka kukudabwa ndipo tikufuna kukuuzani za nkhumba zachilendo zomwe zimakhala pamtsinje wa Africa.
Mbiri ya chiyambi
Kwa nthaŵi yaitali, asayansi amati nkhumba zonse zimakhala m'madera otseguka a Africa kupita ku mitundu ina. Koma kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ka khalidwe lawo, mawonekedwe awo ndi maonekedwe a malo awo kunayambitsa zamoyo kuti ziganizire kuti izi ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana - shrub ndi mtsinje (brushtail) nkhumba. Nyama za mtundu woyamba zinkakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira ndipo zimakhala kokha kumwera chakum'mawa kwa dziko lapansi.
Kufotokozera ndi deta zakunja
Mtsinje wa nkhumba uli ndi mawonekedwe osamvetseka kwambiri komanso osakumbukika. Thupi limakhala lofiira-bulauni, pamphepete mwa msana pali mapepala ofiira a chipale chofewa, omwe panthawi yomwe pangozi yawopsya amawonekera kukula kwa nyama. Mutu ndi wakuda, ndipo kuzungulira maso ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yomwe imawoneka ngati maski kapena zigoba. Tsankho likugwera pamphuno, ndipo mphuno yaing'ono imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi maonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhumba monga: woyera woyera, Duroc, Mirgorodska, belt-belt, karmala, Vietnamese vislobryukhaya.Pa amuna akuluakulu pa mlatho wa mphuno ndi pakati pa maso, maluwa ang'onoang'ono amakula, omwe, monga mibadwo ya nyama, amasanduka nyanga zazing'ono. Mipingo yayitali ya tsitsi lakuda ndi yakuda imakula kuchokera ku makutu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo mitsuko ikuluikulu imakula kuchokera pamwamba ndi pansi pa nsagwada, ndipo mbali iyi ndi khalidwe la amuna ndi akazi. Thupi ndiloling'ono ndi mbali zotsatizana, koma popanda mimba yowirira, miyendo yamphamvu ndi yochepa. Mchira uli wautali ndi tassel bwino pamapeto. Nkhumba zimakula mpaka 100-150 masentimita yaitali, ndipo mpaka 50-90 masentimita mu msinkhu, kulemera kwao ndi 50-100 makilogalamu, koma pali anthu oposa 120 makilogalamu.
Ngakhale kuli kolemera kwakukulu, nyamazi zimakhala bwino, ndipo mofulumira zimatha kukangana ndi galu, ngakhale nkhumba zoyera zimatha kuthamanga kwafupipafupi. Kununkhira bwino ndi masomphenya abwino kumakupatsani msanga kuti musamawoneke, osadziwoneka bwino.Mukudziwa? Mu nkhumba nkhumba ndizozoloŵerana kupatsana moni pamsonkhano. Zinyama zimathamangira kumbuyo, zimamangirira mitu yawo pang'ono ndikutsogolera makutu kumalo osakanikirana.
Habitat
Pansi pa chilengedwe, nyamayi imapezeka m'nkhalango za Kumadzulo ndi Central Africa. Ndi gawo ili la kontinenti, ndi nyengo yachisanu, nkhalango zowirira komanso mitengo yamatabwa, amawona ngati nkhumba yaikulu ya nkhumba.
Ngwewe ya nkhumba ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti imere munda.
Moyo ndi khalidwe
Nyama zimenezi zimagwira ntchito usiku. Panthawi ino ya tsiku, amayang'anitsitsa gawo lawo, omwe malire ake amadziwika ndi mapepala apadera, omwe amapezeka m'maso ndi m'makutu, komanso kupanga makina awo pamitengo ya mitengo ndi miyala. Pofunafuna chakudya, amatha kufika 5 km pa tsiku. Banja lawo liri ndi anthu 5-10 - mtsogoleri wamwamuna ndi akazi ang'onoang'ono. Masana, amasankha kumasuka mumtunda wa nkhalango kapena m'mitsinje yambiri. 
Zimene mungadye
Nkhumba za Cousteau zimakonzeka kutenga chakudya, kuphatikizapo nyama zomwe zapeza. Paulendo wawo kufunafuna chakudya, amakoka mizu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo safuna kudya zipatso, masamba, makungwa a mitengo ndipo nthawi zambiri amaswa zisa za mbalame zing'onozing'ono. Pofunafuna zakudya zosiyanasiyana, nkhumba zowala zimatha kusambira kupita kumbali inayo. Kawirikawiri nkhumba zimayenda motsatira abulu - akudikirira nthawi yomwe chimpanzi zimasiya zowonongeka kuti zisamangidwe.
Mukudziwa? Mu nkhumba zing'onozing'ono za mtsinje wa nkhumba, panthawi ya mantha amodzidzidzimutsa, njira yotetezera imagwira ntchito - amagwa pansi ndikudziyesa kuti afa. Pambuyo pangozi - nkhumbazi zimakhala ndi moyo mozizwitsa. Pamene amakalamba, luso limeneli limatha ndipo limalowetsedwa ndi kutha kuthawira m'nkhalango.Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza nkhumba zikumba mulu wa ndowe - kumeneko amafuna mtedza, omwe amawoneka ngati okoma kwa iwo. Nthaŵi ina m'minda yomwe anthu amadyetsa, nkhumba nkhumba zimatha kudya mbewu zonse, komanso sizimadya kudya ziweto zochepa: nkhumba, ana a nkhosa, ndi mbuzi.
Adani zakutchire
Kumtchire, nkhumba za mtsinje zili ndi adani ochepa. Vuto lalikulu ndi ingwe, koma anthu amalowetsa mmalo mwawo ndikusaka nyama zakutchire, makamaka kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo, kotero mu nthawi yochepa sipadzakhalanso china chilichonse kuti zikhale ndi mantha. Zilombo zina, mikango ya ku Africa, ng'ona, nyanga ndi zokwawa, zimayambitsa nkhumbazi, koma zozizwitsa zawo ndi nthawi zambiri zimachititsa kuti zikhale zotetezeka.
Pezani chifukwa chake mukusowa nkhumba komanso momwe mungadyetse nkhumba.Kukhalitsa mitengo mwadothi ndi mabomba a mabomba a mitsinje ndi mabanki kumathandizanso kuti chiwerengero chawo chichepe. Komabe, nkhumba zakutchire zimafulumira kusintha zamoyo zatsopano ndipo mwamsanga zimasamukira kumadera osakhazikika.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za nkhumba za nkhumba, komanso kumene mungayambire nkhumba za kunyumba.
Ubale ndi munthu
Kwa anthu, ndi nkhumba za mitsinje, kuziyika mofatsa, osati ubale weniweni. Nyama zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimapita kumunda kuti zikakondweretsere anthu omwe anabzala mbewu monga beetroot, chimanga, mananali, kapena mtedza. Ukafika kuminda ya mphesa usiku, timagulu ting'onoting'ono tingathe kuwawononga kwathunthu. Chaka chilichonse, anthu okhala m'midzi ya ku Africa amayesetsa kuteteza nkhumba zawo nkhumba zawo - kusaka nyama izi ndi kutha kwa chakudya chakupha. Koma kununkhira kwa nkhumba mwamsanga kumazindikira zowonjezera zowopsa mumsampha. 
Njira yokhayo yothandizira kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ziwonongeko pamunda ndi kubwezeretsa nyama zakutchire. Anthu ammudzi amakoka achinyamata ndikuwaika m'mabwalo kumene amakulira ndi nkhumba zina. Makhalidwe a zinyama zakutchire omwe amachokera ku ukapolo si osiyana ndi khalidwe la achibale awo - nkhumba zoweta. Ngati mutayesa kutaya munthu wamkulu, ndiye kuti nkhumba zakutchire zidzasokoneza munthuyo komanso anthu oyandikana nawo.
Ndikofunikira! Mtsinje wa Mtsinje uli ndi khalidwe laukali. Mabala omwe amachititsidwa ndi wolakwira amawapangitsa kukhala opsyinjika, omwe amawapangitsa iwo kumenyana mwamphamvu ndi mphamvu zawo zotsiriza.
Nthawi yobereketsa ndi kusamalira ana
Nyengo yobereketsa imayamba mu September ndipo imatha mpaka April. Polimbana ndi azimayi, zida zamphongo zimamenyana - zimatsitsa zowawa zawo ndikuyesa kupondereza mdaniyo. Mimba ya mimba imatenga masiku 120-130, nkhumba zofiira 3-6, zolemera 750 mpaka 900 g, zimabadwa pa malita imodzi. Nkhumba imadyetsa mbeu kufikira atakwanitsa miyezi inayi. Patatha maola angapo atabadwa, makanda amaima mwamphamvu ndipo amatha kusuntha msanga. Mamembala onse a m'banja, kuphatikizapo mtsogoleri wa phukusi, amasamalira chitetezo cha ana.
Ndikofunikira! Makamaka sindimakonda agalu nkhumba, makamaka, oyimira kusaka mitundu. Akakumana nawo panjira yawo, amamenyana nawo nthawi yomweyo, kenako amapha ndi kudya nyama yawo.
Pakakhala ngozi, gulu lonse likubisala pakati pa tchire, ndipo ngati anyamatawa akugonjetsedwa ndi nkhumba, nkhumba za mitsinje zidzamenyana molimba mtima ndi otsutsa. Tsopano mukudziwa za nyama zodabwitsa izi. Kusankha kukumana nawo payekha, simudzasowa kuuluka ku Africa yotentha - kumalo ambiri a zinyama m'mayiko a ku Ulaya mukukula bwino nkhumba zazing'onozi, kuti zisangalale ndi alendo.
