Bowa amatchedwa mitengo chifukwa cha chinthu chachikulu - amalowetsedwa mu khungwa la mtengo wakufa kapena wamoyo ndipo amawola kudzera mu michere yapadera. Kuwonongeka kwa cellulose ndi ma polysaccharides ena, amawagwiritsa ntchito pakupititsa patsogolo komanso kukula. Ali m'gulu la xylotroph gulu.
Pali mitundu ina ya nyama zomwe zimapangidwa ndi sayansi ya mycology. Magawo odyetsa ndi othandiza kwa anthu, ali ndi mapuloteni, mavitamini a magulu B ndi C, chitsulo, phosphorous ndi calcium. "Muer" - uku ndikutanthauzira kochokera ku China kumamveka ngati bowa wamtengo, wamtali komanso wodziwika m'mbale za zakudya za ku Pan-Asia.
Zambiri za bowa wamatabwa
Mitundu yambiri ya bowa yamtundu wamtundu wamtchire imakhala ngati nkhwangwala, chifukwa zimayikidwa pamitengo yofooka ndikuthandizira kusankha kwachilengedwe kwa mitundu yapamwamba. Oyimira "madongosolo" oterewa, mwachitsanzo, ndi bowa wa uchi, omwe amakula bwino kwambiri pamapondedwe ndi banja lalikulu ndikunyengerera alenje a bowa ndi fungo lonunkhira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosangalatsa, crispy, wokondedwa makamaka ndi ma gourmets mu mawonekedwe osankhidwa.
Tikupangira kuwerenga nkhani yokhudza uchi agarics ndi momwe mungazisonkhanitsire ndi komwe tsamba lathu.
Koma pali bowa womwe ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe; alibe chipewa kapena mwendo. Ndiwofunikira komanso amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe awo, zomwe zimatikumbutsa zinthu zomwe timazidziwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Sizinachitike kwa aliyense kuti azisonkhanitsa ndi kuzilawa, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe amakomedwe a zoyerekeza zamitunduyi sadziwika.
Ma xylotrophs oterewa amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndikufotokozera mawonekedwe ake:
- Zidutswa za nyama (nyama ya Askokorin);
- Resin mu mawonekedwe a dontho (Glandular excision);
- Thovu la thovu;
- Coral, chinkhupule (Kalocera).
Ngakhale pakati pa bowa, pali majeremusi omwe amadya abale awo. Mwachitsanzo, sulfure-chikasu hypokrey, chomwe chimadya pamagulu a exidium kapena kugwedezeka.
Tizilombo tina tating'ono kwambiri tomwe tili m'nkhalangozi timaphatikizaponso mtundu wakumpoto wa nkhwangwa, woimira mabungwe a Trutovik. Kupyola mu ming'alu ndi kudula, imalowa mkatikati mwa mtengo wathanzi ndikuwononga kwathunthu zaka 4.
Wamaluwa ndi ogwira ntchito m'mapaki ayenera kusamala ndi majeremusi, chifukwa amatha kuwononga mundawo.
Mitundu ya Misuzi Ya Wood
Osaka bowa amalipira chidwi ndi mitundu yakunja yopezeka m'nkhalangoyi pamitengo ya mitengo yowola kapena yodwala, mitengo yakugwa. Pakati pa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, mutha kupeza bowa wamkulu kwambiri, momwe amafotokozera pansipa.
Nyama ya ascocorine
Dzinali linaperekedwa chifukwa chipatsocho chimafanana ndi nyama za ma pinki ofiirira ofiirira okhala ndi mbale zosaposa sentimita imodzi yophatikizira msuzi umodzi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa birch stumps. Ilibe fungo lokhazikika. Maonekedwe osawoneka bwino amaletsa mphonda za bowa, kotero kukoma kwake sikudziwika.
Biercandera
Zokhudza banja la polypore, zimasiyana mchaka zokulira chaka chimodzi. Bowa wamphesa wamtundu wakuda wonyezimira umakhala ngati chipewa cha masentimita 3. Thupi ndilosalimba, la imvi, losanunkhira. Danga loonda lopindika lomwe limakhala ndi malire omasuka limasiyanitsa thupi la bowa ndi kansalu wamafuta a bulauni, ngati kuti nthawi zonse kumakhala konyowa komanso kotuwa kumapeto kwake.
Zogawidwa pamatanda akufa, nkhuni zakufa. Chimakoma ngati bowa wamba.
Bowa wa oyisitara
Bowa wa Oyster mwachangu unalowa m'miyoyo yathu, ndikuthandizira kukonza zakudya zambiri ndi mitundu yosowa ya bowa wamatabwa. Okula msanga m'malo opanga zinthu, okhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kukoma kwabwino, akhala atsogoleri osagulitsa mosakayikira. Ma Institution omwe amalimidwa pamafamu a bowa sangafanane ndi kukoma ndi mitundu yamtchire. Amamera m'mabanja akuluakulu pamitengo yazipatso zamitengo yazipatso zamoyo ndi zakufa.
Muyenera kuti muwafunefune mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira ku Crimea.
Thupi la zipatso limakhala ndi mwendo wautali wokulira ndi chipewa chofewa. Bowa wa Oyster ali ndi utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku imvi yotuwa mpaka lalanje, ndipo yonseyo ndi yokoma ndi yokoma.
Hypokrey
Sulphur wachikasu hypocrea ndi bowa wopanda majeremusi omwe amadya achibale a banja la a Drozhozhok (nthawi zambiri glandular excision). Chifukwa chake, nyengo ndi malo omwe mbewu zamtunduwu zimakulira zimagwirizana ndi "ozunzidwa" awo.
Kuwoneka pa thupi la yisiti, hypokrey imakula ndi malo angapo achikasu, omwe amaphatikizana paliponse. Amapanga malo akuluakulu agolide pamiyala ya bowa wamtengo wokhala ndi madontho akuda - spore amapanga matupi azipatso. Imafanana ndi siponji yowirira, yosasiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwa 1 mpaka 15 cm.
Bowa wa Ram
Mafangayi omwe amakula mwachangu kuchokera kubanja lotetezedwa amatchedwanso Curly Grifola. M'dziko lathu, ndizosowa, kokha m'nkhalango zowola pamitengo yakale ndi chitsa. Bowa wotere wolemera makilogalamu 9 mpaka 10 wapezeka mwachilengedwe.
Miyendo yambiri yopyapyala ya bowa wamphongo imasandulika zipewa zofiirira zokhala ndi imvi komanso zobiriwira m'mphepete mwa wavy. Thupi lopepuka limakhala ndi katundu ndipo limanunkhira bwino ngati mtedza.
Pazinthu izi, bowa wagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika ndipo wakhala njira yopangira mankhwala ochiritsira wowerengeka yothandizira matenda a m'mapapo.
Makhalidwe
Pafupipafupi mokwanira, mpaka 0,5 masentimita, bowa wachikasu. Amakonda madzi, kunyowa komanso chinyezi chovunda cha ma conifers, kotero kukakhala kouma amabisala pakhungwa la mtengo wakugwa, ngati ukufalikira, umayamba kuphimba.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achikasu ndi mawonekedwe ake, imawoneka ngati thovu lakuthwa la polyurethane chobalalika ndi madontho ang'ono pamtengo. Thupi la dacrimites silikhala ndi kukoma kapena fungo. Ndiosakhazikika, koma osati poizoni.
Kalocera
Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango pa mitengo yowola ndipo amakhala m'malo ano kwathunthu, ndiye kuti, bowa wina samakula kale.
Kalocera amafanana kwambiri ndi korali zachikasu, nthawi zina lalanje. Kufika kutalika kwa 6 masentimita, njira zooneka ngati nyanga yazidutswa pansi "ndikupanga" maluwa. Mapangidwe oterowo amamera pamatanda owola ndipo amadzasamba chilimwe chonse.
Rabha aliyense wofika pa bowa wogwira ali ndi maupangiri 2-3 okhwima.
Mtunduwu sunagawidwe ngati wadyedwe kapena wowopsa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake.
Chinese bowa muer
M'dzina la bowa wokondweretsa uyu ndi malo opambana - China, koma nthawi zina amapezeka m'nkhalango zakum'mawa kwa Russia. Chimakula makamaka pam mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yamoyo, makamaka bwino.
Brown, pafupifupi wakuda, ali ndi thupi loonda lomwe limafanana ndi khutu. Chifukwa cha kununkhira kowoneka bwino, kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kwambiri komanso kotsekemera ndi kakomedwe ka utsi, Muer wapeza ntchito zambiri mu zophikira za China, Japan, Vietnam ndi Thailand.
Climacodon Kumpoto
Mutha kumutcha namwino wankhalango weniweni. Pakati pa dzinja, iye amakhala pamitengo yakale komanso yodwala ndikuwawononga m'zaka zingapo. Zokhudza banja la polypore ndipo zimawoneka ngati woimira bowa aliyense.
Thupi lopepuka lachikasu komanso zipewa zazitali zofiirira zomwe zimakhala ndi ma 15 cm zimapangika mawonekedwe abwino. M'malo opangidwira, spore imakhala ndi malovu ofunikira - chinthu chosowa kwa mitundu yotereyi.
Kununkhira kwake ndi kununkhira kwake ndizosasangalatsa, chifukwa chake alibe chochita pakuphika ndi mankhwala.
Wokondedwa agaric
Bowa yemwe ndi wowoneka bwino, wowoneka bwino, wowoneka bwino ndi wowoneka bwino kwa aliyense, ndiwachidziwikire kuti amatha kukhala wamkulu mu nyumba wamba. Ndipo bwanji, werengani pawebusayiti yathu!) Koma kukoma kwa zomwe zapezeka mwachilengedwe zomwe zimamera pamtengo ndi mitengo zakale zachikulire ndizapamwamba kwambiri.
Amapezeka m'nkhalango zonse za Russia, amakula m'mabanja akuluakulu - mpaka 50 miyendo yotuwa komanso zipewa zazimvi zofiirira zokhala ndi maziko amodzi.
Tinder bowa
Pali mitundu yambiri ya bowa wa tinder - ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri mu mycology. Malo omwe amakhala ndi nkhalango komanso mapaki otambalala, makamaka okhala ndi nsanja.
Zovala zachikasu zokhala ndi mainchesi 15 cm ndi miyendo ya bulauni 10cm utali wokutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni. Iwo omwe amakonda kuphika bowa awa amafunika kusonkhanitsa ana ang'onoang'ono ndi zonenepa, komanso zamkati, ndipo mutha kutenga zokolola zitatu m'chilimwe komanso nthawi yophukira.
Chaga
Bowa wosawoneka, mankhwala omwe amalikulitsa kukhala m'gulu labwino kwambiri la mankhwala ake a xylotrophs. Mtundu wakuda kapena wonyezimira wamera m'mera wamkati wamtundu wa birch umakhala ndi fungo lamkati, lankhonya komanso fungo loipa.
Zamoyo zogwira popanga zinthu ndi CHIKWANGWANI m'thupi lachipatso cha chaga zimapatsa wowerengeka mankhwala ndi gawo lapansi pakukonzekera mankhwala ophatikizika ndi ma infusions, tiyi ndi ufa. Malingana ngati mitengo ya birch ilipo ku Russia, titha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapadera ya bowa kuti athandize anthu.
Chikopa chagolide (uchi uchi wa agaric)
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza mitengo ikuluikulu ya ma poplars ofooka ndi okufa, malamba, zopota. Zipewa zagolide-zachikasu zokhala ndi mainchesi ofika mpaka 20cm mwendo woonda wautali wokutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni.
Zoyimira zazing'ono zomwe zimawoneka pakati pa chilimwe nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka ndi bowa wa uchi. Koma kulawa, bowa uyu amataya kwambiri achibale odziwika, chifukwa chake, samachigwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya chodziimira pawokha.
Ali ndi wachibale wosagwirizana, koma wopanda poizoni - popula flake (wojambulidwa pansipa).
Werengani zambiri mu nkhani yagolide.
Shiitake
Nkhalango yowoneka ya Japan, bowa wamkati kapena lentinula - mayina otere amapezeka mwa woimira mtengo wotere yemwe amaphunziridwa ndi mycology.
Zovuta:
- mwendo wamkamwa;
- chipewa chozungulira chakuda ndi mbale zowala;
- zikopa pakhungu louma.
Chimakula nthawi zambiri pamitengo ya thundu. Mnofu wokoma, wopatsa tsabola, komanso mphamvu zakuchiritsa zamtunduwu ndizofala pakuphika ndi mankhwala.
Chitsulo
Xylotroph kuchokera ku banja la Drozhalok ndizovuta kufotokoza zakunja, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimasintha mawonekedwe ake, kutengera nyengo yozizira. Chimafanana ndi madontho akuda amtundu wakuda ndipo banja lake lalikulu limakwirira thunthu lonse la timitengo tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timamera pamitengo yamatabwa. Thupi lamunthu wopaka zipatso limakhala ngati zakudya zonunkhira, lilibe kukoma ndi fungo labwino, chifukwa chake silimayimira phindu khitchini.
Ubwino ndi kuvulaza kwa bowa wamatabwa
Ubwino wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa wamatabwa umatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi. Alibiretu mafuta. Zofunikira zawo zazikulu ndi:
- masamba mapuloteni;
- mavitamini C, B, makamaka B3 yambiri;
- Tsatirani zinthu calcium, phosphorous, chitsulo.
M'mitundu yambiri ya bowa monga fungus fungus, shiitake, chaga, osati zophikira, koma mankhwala amapezeka. Mwa izi, zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zosakanikirana zakonzedwa zomwe zimatha kuchiza zizindikiro za matenda ena:
- kusowa kwa chitsulo m'magazi;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- acidity yayikulu yam'mimba;
- kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira.
Bowa wamitengo ungawonedwe kukhala wowopsa kokha chifukwa chofalikira kwambiri komanso mwachangu pamitengo yathanzi m'malo olimidwa ndi anthu - minda, mapaki, nkhalango zokumbira. Kufika pakhungwa la malo owonongeka ndi thunthu la thanzi, bowa zambiri zimachulukana mwachangu ndikuziwononga m'zaka zochepa chabe.
Ngati nyama zowonongeka kapena nkhuni zisanu zimasakanizidwa ndi mitundu yamaluwa pakanthawi, ngoziyi imatha.
A Dachnik amalimbikitsa: bowa wamatabwa - zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito pophika
Mphamvu zachilengedwe za bowa wa mtengo Chaga birch zatchuka - tiyi, ma decoctions ake amakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa thupi komanso yosangalatsa.
Kubzala bowa pafamu yakhala bizinesi yopindulitsa ndipo tsopano nthawi zambiri timaona pa malonda ogulitsa ma oyisitara okoma komanso opatsa thanzi, omwe amakhalanso a nkhuni. Mwachilengedwe, zimakhala zachikasu, zobiriwira ndi mithunzi ina ndipo zimakula mu banja lalikulu. Mitundu yamtchire imanunkhira bwino kwambiri kuposa abale awo, yowetedwa mwakapangidwe. Kuphatikiza kwakukulu ndikuti alibe poizoni.
Makutu amhuni, monga bowa amatchedwa chifukwa chofanana ndi auricle, ndi otchuka kwambiri m'mbale zam'mawa. Komabe, samaphika monga mbale yodziyimira payokha, chifukwa alibe fungo lapadera komanso kukoma. Bowa ndi zabwino monga mbale yam'maso yosakanikirana ndi nyama, ndikuwapatsa fungo labwino. Kapangidwe kake kosakhazikika ndi kosangalatsa komanso kopatsa thanzi, makamaka pokonzekera bwino.
Mosakayikira, bowa wamatabwa adatenga malo oyenera mu zakudya za anthu: sizachidziwikire kuti tinayamba kukumana nawo pafupipafupi m'mashelefu akuluakulu, mwakutero ndikulemeretsa zakudya ndi zinthu zofunikira komanso zopatsa thanzi zama protein.
