Nkhosa zamatenda sizinali zokongola. Osatchula za nkhosa, momwe mafuta onyoza omwe amatsalira kumbuyo kwake nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi nkhosa yamphongo kutsogolo. Nkhosa yopanda kukongoletsa kwakukulu - nyanga - monga momwe zinaliri, siigonso nkhosa yamphongo, koma chinthu china chosamveka. Nzosadabwitsa chifukwa nkhosa yamphongo ya mafuta yambiri imasankha mtsogoleri kuchokera ku nkhosa zake. Komabe, mfundo yoti gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a ziweto za padziko lapansi amagwera pa nkhosa zamtengo wapatali zimasonyeza ubwino wa mitundu iyi ya nyama kwa anthu. Ndipo, ndithudi, nkhosa yodzala mafuta imayenera kulankhula mawu ochepa.
About kuswana
Zaka zikwi zisanu zapitazo, anthu a ku Mesopotamiya akale amajambula zithunzi za nkhosa zamphongo, zomwe sizikhoza kusokonezedwa ndi wina aliyense. Ndipo mbiri yonse ya mayiko a ku Central Asia inachitikira pamodzi ndi zinyamazi. 
Ndipo asayansi, pakalipano, akuyesetsabe kuti asawononge mchira wa mafuta mu nkhosa izi: Kodi izi zimachitika pa chakudya cha anthu kapena chikhalidwe cha amayi chimasamalira.
Ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti kugwira ntchito kwa anthu kuno kuli kofanana ndi kufalitsa humps pakati pa ngamila. Akatswiriwa amakhulupirira kuti ziwetozi zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi mchira wa nkhosa, zomwe zimatuluka m'makamera awiri omwe ali ndi nyama imodzi yokha chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kuti apulumuke. Chinthu chomwecho chiyenera kuti chinachitika ndi nkhosa yamphongo ya mafuta, yomwe, ndi njala yosalekeza, inakakamizika kupanga zoperekera ngati nthawi ya njala ingatheke.
Mavitamini ndi mavitamini omwe amadzaza pamodzi ndi mafuta omwe ali mumsonga wonenepa, nyama zomwe zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimasintha nthawi yaitali pofunafuna chakudya chokha.
Ndipotu, pokhala ndi nkhosa zamphongo zonenepa, mwamunayo adathandiza kwambiri kusankha nyama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe za mtunduwu. 
Zizindikiro zakunja
Nyama izi zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu ndi kukula kwake kwa minola yawo ya mafuta, zomwe kulemera kwake, malinga ndi mtunduwo, zimasiyana ndi 7 mpaka 30 kg.
Kuphatikiza pa mbali yayikuluyi yakunja, nyama za mtundu uwu zakhala nazo zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsedwa:
- kulemeraMakilogalamu 120 mu nkhosa zamphongo ndi makilogalamu 80 a nkhosa;
- kutalika kwafotaomwe, pafupifupi, ndi masentimita 80 a nkhosa ndi 60 cm kwa nkhosa;
- telefonikutambasula, ndi chikhazikitso cholimba, ndi chifuwa chachikulu, minofu yotukuka bwino ndi chifuwa chowonekera patsogolo;
- mapaziMitundu yosiyanasiyana ingakhale ya kutalika kwake;
- mutu kukula pang'ono ndi kamphindi kakang'ono ndi kameneka kakang'ono, ndi makutu oderera, makamaka komola;
- mchirakukhala ndi utali wa pafupifupi 9 cm;
- ubweya Zowonongeka ndi zowoneka bwino ndi zofiira, zofiira, mitundu yakuda komanso zofiira ndi zoyera zosaoneka bwino.
Mukudziwa? Mosiyana ndi zinyama zina zonse, nkhosa sizizungulira, koma ophunzira osakaniza. Mu khalidwe losayembekezereka, wokha yekha amatha kupikisana nawo.
Zosiyanasiyana
Chifukwa cha ntchito yosamalidwa bwino, munthu amatha kubereka mbuzi zamphongo zonenepa mafuta, zomwe zimakhala bwino kwambiri m'madera ena, pomwe zimakhala ndi makhalidwe omwe amadziwika bwino.
Mitundu yotsatizana ya nyamazi ikudziwika bwino:
- edilbayevskie;
- Gissar
- jaidar
Edilbayevskie
Zakhala pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri kuchokera ku nkhosa za ku Kazakh steppes nkhosa zonenepa zamphongo zinkadutsa ndi nkhosa za tsitsi la Astrakhan.
Zotsatira zake zinali Ndalama yopita kumalo osasunthika a nyama ndi mafuta odzolaZimatha kupulumuka molimba mtima pansi pa nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yotentha yozizira, osasowa kusamalira mosamala kapena malo apadera.
Dziwani zambiri za kunyada kwa a steppes a Kazakhstan - edilbayevskoy mtundu wa nkhosa.
Nkhosa za Edilbayevsky za nkhosa zamphongo zonenepa ndi zamoyo zazikulu zomwe zimakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 80 pamene zimatha kufota ndi kulemera makilogalamu 120 mu nkhosa zamphongo komanso makilogalamu 75 mu nkhosa. 
Ali ndi miyendo yamphamvu, yokhoza kuphimba mtunda wautali, thupi lopangidwa bwino, lodzala ndi ubweya wofiira, wakuda kapena wofiira, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma carpet. Malingana ndi ubweya, nyama izi ndizopindulitsa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi nkhosa zina zamphongo. Mwachitsanzo, mwamuna mmodzi akhoza kupereka makilogalamu 4 a ubweya.
Pankhani ya nyama, yomwe inachititsa kuti mtunduwu ukhale wolemekezeka ndipo umawoneka ngati wokoma, gawo lake lodyera limaimira theka la chiwerengero chonse cha nyamayo. 
Osakhala ndi chiberekero chokwanira, nyama za mtundu uwu, zimasiyana mosiyana ndi kuthekera kwa kupereka malita 155 a mkaka wamafuta kwambiri pa nthawi ya lactation, zomwe zimatumizidwa ku mtundu wa mkaka wa nkhosa zamphongo.
Onaninso za mkaka, nyama ndi mitundu yabwino ya ubweya wa nkhosa.
Hissar
Nthanga za Hissar zimachokera ku Tajikistan ndipo zimagawanika mitundu itatu:
- chithunzithunzi;
- nyama;
- nyama.
Kulekana kumeneku kumasonyezanso ndi maonekedwe a nkhosa za mtundu wopatsidwa, ndiko kukula, kukhazikitsidwa, ndi malo a mchira wa mafuta.
Koma, mulimonsemo, nkhosa za Gissar muzoyendera zawo ndizopambana padziko lonse pakati pa ziweto zonse. Polemera makilogalamu 150, nkhosa zamphongozi zimatha kufika makilogalamu 190. Pafupifupi 150 makilogalamu amatha kupeza chakudya chabwino ndi nkhosa. 
Mbali ina yamtengo wapatali ya mtundu umenewu imatchedwa chitetezo chokha cha thupi lawo, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti asadwale.
Choyimira cha nkhosa ya Gissar ndi mchira wamphamvu kwambiri, mafuta omwe amatha kufika makilogalamu 40. Chilengedwe chimatsimikizira kuti kulemera kotereku sikungasokoneze nyamayo pamene ikuyenda, ikukweza mmwamba.
Kupha nyama zokolola mu mtundu uwu ndi 60%. Ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri, komanso amtengo wapatali kwambiri pamsika wa nyama, ndipo amawoneka ngati okwera mtengo.
Nkhosa za Hissar panthawi ya lactation zimatha kupanga makilogalamu 100 a mkaka. 
Koma ubweya wa mtundu uwu wamtunduwu suli wosiyana. Ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu pa nkhosa, imakhalanso yowopsya ndipo imapanganso makamaka kupanga ma carpets, nsalu yonyezimira ndikumverera.
Mukudziwa? Pakali pano, nthendayi yonse ya mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lapansi ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 600.
Jaidar
Mtundu uwu uli nawo nyama-mafuta. Amachokera ku Uzbekistan, kumene chilankhulocho chimadziwika m'chinenero chapafupi.
Mosiyana ndi abale ena ena, nkhosa za Jaidar zili ndi miyendo yaifupi, ngakhale zili ndi thupi lamphamvu kwambiri lomwe liri ndi mafupa amphamvu komanso kumbuyo kwake, kobisika, monga lamulo, lakuda, koma nthawi zina ndi bulauni, imvi kapena yofiira. Ndizochepa kwambiri, zomwe zili ndi 60%, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. 
Mafuta pa iwo amabwera onse, ndipo akuwongolera.
Ponena za zokolola zawo, nkhosa ya Jaidar imakhala pamalo apakati pakati pa mitundu ya Gissar ndi Edilbaev.
Mitsinje ikhoza kupanga makilogalamu 3.5 a ubweya, kuyandikira zizindikiro za Edilbaev, ndikufikira pafupifupi 60% kupha nyama, zomwe zikufanana ndi zokolola za nyama za mtundu wa Gissar.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mtundu wina wa nkhosa: Texel, Kuibyshev, Romanov, Katum, merino (mtundu, kubala), dorper, Romney kuyenda.
Kukonzekera
Nkhosa zonse zonenepa zimatha kupereka munthu:
- mafuta;
- nyama;
- ubweya;
- mkaka;
- khungu
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa izi kumasonyeza kuti zokolola za munthu zimadalira mtundu komanso zofunikira zinyama.
Mafuta
Mafuta omwe akupezeka mumsampha wamafuta, omwe amatchedwanso mafuta a mchira mafuta, mumtundu wa 7 mpaka 30 makilogalamu, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka makilogalamu 40, nyama iliyonse imatumikira monga mtundu wa mavitamini, mavitamini, amino acid ndi zakudya zina zomwe zimapezeka pa tsiku lakuda. . 
Chumachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi anthu, makamaka ku Central Asia zakudya, kumene mafuta ochokera ku nkhosa ya rump amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo katundu wodzitetezera kwambiri.
Anatsimikizira bwino mankhwalawa mu chipinda cha confectionery, mothandizira ntchito zamankhwalakumene amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito pochizira chifuwa, kupweteka pamodzi, kuzizira, komanso kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha thupi la thupi.
Nyama
Chigawo cha nyama cha nkhosa zamphongo zamphongo chimaphatikizapo kulawa kwake ndi zakudya zamtundu wa zakudya, zoyenera kukhala za gulu lapamwamba la mankhwala.
Mitembo yambiri ya nyamayi - mpaka 60% - imapereka nyama yoyera pamtunda. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti ana a nkhosa izi azichepa msanga ndipo pakatha miyezi 6 amatha kulemera kwake ndi theka la chiweto chachikulu.
Nyama yotengedwa kuchokera kwa ana a nkhosa ngati amenewa alibe nthawi yokhwima ndipo ili ndi zinthu zonse zopindulitsa zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chakudya chodyetsedwa ndi nyama. 
Tsitsi
Zinyama za mtundu umenewu zimasiyana ndi zovuta ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zovuta, zomwe sizingowonjezereka, komanso zimatentha. Nkhosa iliyonse imakhala yolemera makilogalamu atatu pachaka, ndipo chifukwa cha zifukwa zosadziwika, ubweya wambiri wamtunduwu umapangidwa kusiyana ndi ubweya wakuda kapena wofiira.
Ubweya wa mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabulangete, ma carpets, zovala zotentha, kumva zinthu.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi malamulo ofunika kuweta nkhosa ndi zoyenera kuti musankhe makina oweta nkhosa.
Mkaka
Nkhosa za mtundu uwu zimakula mofulumira, osati kwa nthawi yayitali malingana ndi mkaka wa amayi ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasinthasintha udzu, kotero kuti munthu amakhalabe mkaka wambiri wosadziwika kuchokera kwa amayi a nkhosa.
Kawirikawiri, nyamayi nthawi yamatayi imatha kupanga pafupifupi 100 malita a mkaka, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilengedwe, komanso imapanga kupanga mafuta, mkaka ndi tchizi zokoma. 
Zomera zobereketsa
Nkhosa imeneyi imabzala ku Kazakhstan, ku Central Asia, kumadera ena a ku Caucasus, kumpoto kwa Africa, ku steppes ya Chiyukireniya ndi Russia.
Zomwe amangidwa
Zinyama izi ndizodzichepetsa kwambiri ndipo sizikusowa khama kuti zikhale zogwirizana.
Zofuna zapanyumba
Zaka zambiri, nyama zimakhala kumalo odyetserako msipu komanso m'nyengo yozizira, malinga ndi dera loswana, mwanjira ina amafunira makola a nkhosa kuti atetezedwe ku nyengo. Chipindacho chikhozanso kutengeka panthawi yopatsa mwana. 
Zomwe zimakhala zofunika kwa ziweto zamphongo ndi kusowa kwazithunzi, dampness ndi ozizira pansi. Kutentha kumalimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi osachepera +9 ° C.
Phunzirani momwe mungamangire chipinda cha nkhosa cha nyumba yanu.
Zipinda zomwe akazi azikhala akuzizira ayenera kukhala otentha, ndipo pafupifupi kutentha kwa +19 ° C.
Kudyetsa msipu
Zimakhulupirira kuti nkhosa ya nkhosa zonenepa ziyenera kuphatikizapo mitu makumi awiri. Kudyetsa nyama zambiri, malo odyetserako ziweto amafunika.
Nkhosa zikhoza kudyedwa pamtunda uliwonse. Mitunduyi ndi madambo ndi nkhalango zomwe zimatsutsana nazo.
Nkhosa za mtundu uwu zikhoza kukhala mu zikhalidwe za msipu wopanda ufulu kwa masiku 200. Nthawi imeneyi imasiyana malinga ndi dera limene gulu limakhalamo.
Monga lamulo, gululo liri pa msipu kuzungulira koloko. Pofuna kuteteza mvula yambiri, awnings ikhoza kumangidwa kumeneko. 
Kudyetsa ndi madzi
Kumapeto kwa autumn ndi nyengo yozizira, pamene malo odyetserako ziweto amaimitsidwa, nyama zimasamutsidwa kukadyetsa zokonzedwa ndi munthu pasadakhale.
Ndikofunikira! Zimatsutsana ndikudyetsa nkhosa zamphongo ndi udzu, zomwe zimagwedezeka mu nkhalango kapena m'nkhalango: zikhoza kuyambitsa poizoni mu nyama.
Pafupipafupi, nyama imodzi imafuna 2 kg ya udzu ndi 500 g ya oat patsiku. Pamwamba pa izi, nkhosa zimadyetsedwa kaloti, mbatata ndi beets. Kaŵirikaŵiri amadyetsedwa katatu patsiku.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mbewu za tirigu ndi chimanga ku zakudya za nkhosa, zomwe zingayambitse kudziletsa.
Kuti nyama ikhale ndi thanzi labwino, zakudya zake ziyenera kuphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya zakudya zamapamwamba.
Nyama ziyenera kukhala ndi madzi nthawi zonse, ndipo ma calquettes amchere ayenera kuikidwa pafupi ndi nkhokwe, zomwe nyama zimakonda kunyenga kwambiri, zokhutiritsa thupi lawo zosowa zamchere. 
Momwe mungapirire kuzizira ndi kutentha
Ubweya wambiri ndi katundu wa mafuta ochepa kwambiri amalola kuti nkhosa yamtengo wapatali ikhale yosamalidwa mosavuta mpaka kutentha kwakukulu ndi chisanu. Ndi malo okwera bwino, nyamazi zimatha kukhala kulikonse kupatula m'madera a Far North.
Ndikofunikira! Pokhala nyama za msipu, nkhosa zimakhala ndi maganizo olakwika kuti azikhala nthawi yaitali m'nyumba. Choncho, m'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuti nkhosa za mtundu uliwonse ziziloledwa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito tsiku lonse masana.
Mlandu ndi kuswana kwa nyama zinyama
Ngakhale kuti kusamalidwa kumachitika chaka chonse, ndi mwambo wokondana nyama izi kumapeto kwa kugwa. Insemination yamakono imakhalanso nthawi yake.
Pofuna kusunga mafupa a ziweto pampingo, abusa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi abambo akuluakulu komanso angapo.
Utha msinkhu
Akazi amayamba kugonana pa miyezi 5-8. 
Kodi ndikutenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Nkhosa zimanyamula ana a nkhosa kwa masiku 145.
Phunzirani zambiri zokhudza kusamalira nkhosa yokha.
Ndi ana angati obadwa
Monga mwa lamulo, nthawi yopatsa nkhosa, yomwe imatha mofulumira - pafupifupi, theka la ora - nkhosa imapereka mwana wamodzi kapena awiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala atatu kapena asanu.
Kusamalira ana
Kamangoyamba kubadwa kwa mwanawankhosa, mphuno ndi pakamwa zimatsukidwa ndi ntchentche ndipo, ngati zili zofunikira, zimamasulidwa ku phula la amniotic.
Pambuyo pake, mwana wakhanda amaikidwa ndi nkhono za amayi. Ngati nkhosa ili ndi ana angapo nthawi imodzi, pofuna kupeŵa kusowa kwa mkaka, mwanawankhosa amaikidwa pa nkhosa yokhala ndi kamodzi kokha. 
Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, mwanawankhosa amatha kusintha kusinthanitsa.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za kusamalira ana a nkhosa atatha kudya, ana a nkhosa opanda mayi.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Kufunika kwa nkhosa zamphongo zonenepa kwa anthu kumatsimikiziridwa ndikuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ziweto zonse padziko lonse lapansi zimapezeka pa mtundu umenewu.
Makamaka nyama izi ndizofunika:
- kumatha kudya msipu wam'mlengalenga pamwamba ndi kutentha;
- kudzichepetsa pa zakudya, zomwe ngakhale ndi msipu wosauka zimalola nkhosa kukhalabe wabwino;
- kuchuluka kwa mafuta;
- chipiriro, kulola kuti tigonjetse mtunda wa makilomita 500;
- kukula;
- kukoma kwa nyama, mkaka ndi mafuta;
- kukhazikika pamene akusunga jini, cholowa chodalirika cha makhalidwe abwino;
- mtendere, wachikondi.
Nkhosazi zimakhala ndi zina zomwe zimatha kukhala nazo zovutaadafotokozedwa mu:
- hypersensitivity kuti dampness ndi drafts;
- Kuchulukitsa pamtunda wa nkhosa imodzi kapena ziwiri;
- Kusakanikirana kwa ubweya wa tsitsi kumutu ndi m'dzinja.
Video: Zomwe Zimapatsa Mbuzi Zambiri Zobereketsa
Nkhosa zamatenda: ndemanga
Chamomile
Mtundu womwe umalandira kuchokera ku nkhosa zamtundu wa mafuta ndi katundu woyamba wa msika, ndipo ukhoza kukwanitsa zokhazokha zoyenera komanso zoyenera. Choncho, ubwino wa nyama yamphongo ya mafuta ndi kulemera kwawo kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mabungwe akuluakulu kuti apange mtundu wautton. Amuna samakonda kudula, amapita kubereka. Pakuti nyama imapita nkhosa. Zakazi zimadulidwa kokha pambuyo pa zaka 3-4 za ndende. Ubweya wa nkhosa wamphongo wonenepa mafuta umangodulidwa kamodzi pachaka - kwinakwake mu May - kumayambiriro kwa June. Njira yocheka ndi yophweka.
Zing'onozing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka mu nkhosa zamphongo zonenepa zimangokhala zokhudzana ndi makhalidwe awo odabwitsa, zomwe zimawalola kukhala ndi munthu kwa zaka masauzande, zimamuwotcha ndi ubweya wawo, kuzidyetsa ndi nyama, kumwa mkaka, pamene zimakondweretsa khalidwe lawo labwino ndi losangalatsa.
