Chifukwa cha nyengo yofunda komanso yosangalatsa, dera la Kaliningrad lili ndi zomera ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana. Pali mapiri okongola, nkhalango, steppes, reserves, pali nyama zosiyanasiyana ndi bowa zambiri. Komabe, mukakolola bowa, omwe amatchedwa "kusaka mwakachetechete", muyenera kusamala kwambiri, chifukwa nyengo sizimangokhalira kudya zakudya zokha, koma komanso zomwe sizili zoyenera kudya. Ndikofunika kuti muyambe kukonzekera zikhalidwe zawo kuti musakhululuke mtsogolo.
Bowa Chodyera
Nyengo ya chimanga m'dera la Kaliningrad imatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kuyambira mu April ndikumapeto ndi masiku otsiriza a November. Pano, bowa amakula pafupifupi paliponse - samalowa m'nkhalango, chifukwa amatha kupezeka m'munda wawo.
Pali madera anai akuluakulu m'derali komwe kuli "mphatso zamapiri" zochuluka.
- Nkhalango ya Neman, yomwe imaphatikizapo malonda a mitengo ya Slavskoye, mitsinje ya Illichivsk ndi Polesskoe. Chigawochi chimakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa podzolic, peaty, marsh ndi silt-marshy dothi, kumene adiresi wakuda amakhala moyo wochuluka.
- Malo a Baltic ndi a Curoni, omwe amasiyana ndi dothi lachonde. Pamodzi ndi mphepo zonse zochokera m'nyanja, zimapanga zinthu zoyenera kuti zikule. Nthaŵi zambiri, mungathe kukumana ndi phaini. Mbalame ndi mdima wakuda zimakula kumadera otsika, nthawi zina mumatha kupeza thundu, phulusa ndi hornbeam.
- Chigawo china, makamaka chofunika kwambiri pa kukula kwa bowa, amadziwika kuti ndi malo a nkhalango za Nesterovsky ndi nkhalango za Krasnoznamensk, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zotsalira zosiyanasiyana. Mu Nesterovsky chigawo ankalamulira dera ndi mapiri ambiri. Pine imakula bwino pamtunda. Mitengo yambiri yamaluwa komanso mitengo yobiriwira imakula bwino mu nthaka ya loamy.
- Zigawo zotsalirazo ndi malo achinayi, omwe ali ndi nkhalango zambiri zapruce-birch. Pano, hornbeam, phulusa ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali, ndipo abambo akuda amakula m'madera otsika.
Bowa amagawanika kukhala zakudya, amadya zakudya komanso amatha kudya, komanso amachititsa poizoni. Komabe, mitundu yosawerengeka sizingatheke kuti iphedwe; Pa nthawi yomweyo, bowa wodyetsedwa, malamulo a msonkhano, katundu kapena kusungirako zomwe zaphwanyidwa, zingayambitse matenda.
Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu yodyera ndi yoopsa. Komabe, mitundu yambiri yoopsa - mwachitsanzo, amanita - ndi zovuta kusokoneza ndi ena.
Mukudziwa? Ku Italy ndiletsedwa kusonkhanitsa pamodzi nkhumba m'nkhalango. Kuti "musaka" za bowa zoyera, muyenera kupeza pempho lapadera kuchokera kwa akuluakulu a boma.
Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha toadstool ndi zofiira ndi kukhalapo kwa volvo, zitsulo za chigoba chakunja, zomwe ali ndi zaka zoyambirira zikuphimba thupi lonse, ndiyeno zimapanga "potty" kumene tsinde limakula. Nkhumba zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zimasiyana mosiyana ndi matope a kapu, koma ambiri mwa inedible, ndi lamellar. 
Ndikofunikira! Pakati pa mitundu yoopsayi, siponji ya kapu imangokhala ndi bowa la satana, lofanana ndi boletus. Koma kusiyanitsa ndi boletus ndi kophweka - bowa woopsa ali ndi kapu yoyera, osati bulauni. Kuwonjezera apo, gawo la pakati pa mwendo ndi lofiira pinki kapena lofiira, ndipo mnofu pa odulidwa mwamsanga umatembenuza buluu.
M'dera la Kaliningrad mungapeze bowa wambiri, mwambo komanso pachiyambi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika soups, mbale zotsalira, appetizers, saladi, sauces. Bowa mwachangu, wiritsani, mphodza, wouma, pickle, perekani mitundu yonse yokonzekera nyengo yozizira. Komanso, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu machiritso ochiritsira pofuna kuchiza ndi kupewa matenda ambiri.
Bowa wonyezimira
Eya, iye ndi gulu labwino kwambiri komanso lodziwika pakati pa anthu. Iye adatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake ooneka bwino, komanso chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwakukulu. Mbalameyi imasiyana mosiyana ndi kukula kwake: kapu imakhala 25-30 masentimita m'mimba mwake, mwendo uli wandiweyani, pansi imakula. 
Mtundu wa kapu udzadalira malo omwe amamera. Mu nkhalango za birch, chipewa chimakhala ndi zofiira zofiirira, m'mapiri a pinini amapeza nsalu zofiirira, m'nkhalango za spruce - zofiirira zofiira. Thupi limakhala lolimba, lokhazikika, loyera, silisintha mtundu wake pamene kudula.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi mitundu ndi zopindulitsa katundu wa porcini bowa, komanso phunzirani kukonzekera porcini bowa m'nyengo yozizira.
Malo abwino kwambiri a bowa zoyera ndi birch, nkhalango za pine ndi nkhalango za spruce.
Kawirikawiri yosalala
Pali mitengo yambiri yosakanizika m'dera la Kaliningrad, yomwe imakhala yabwino kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wathanzi. Msonkhano wawo ukuyamba kuyambira mwezi watha wa chilimwe mpaka October. Smoothys ikhoza kudziwika ndi mtundu wofiira-imvi mtundu wa kapu. Ndili ndi zaka, mphete zomwe zili pa kapu zimatha, ndipo amakhala wofiira. 
Msola ndi wautali ndi woonda, wokhuthala pansi kapena pakati. Mnofu woyera ndi wosalimba komanso wosalimba. Pamene umakanikizidwa, madzi amatsitsimutsa, omwe amatembenukira chikasu pa kukhudzana ndi mpweya. Smoothies ndi abwino kwa pickling. Komabe, izi zisanachitike, ayenera kuthira madzi amchere ndi kuwiritsa.
Mkaka azungu ndi wakuda
Milkworms akusonkhanitsidwa mwachidwi ku Russia - kumadzulo iwo amawerengedwa ngati osakwanira. Komabe, pophika bwino (makamaka salting), bowa la mkaka si zakudya zokha, komanso ndi zokoma. M'dera la Kaliningrad, amapezeka paliponse: mu birch, paini, m'nkhalango za spruce, pa glades, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, ndi zina zotero.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za mtundu wa bowa zomwe zilipo, momwe zimathandizira, komanso momwe mungakolole ndikukolola bowa lakuda, la aspen.
Mkaka woyera wa mkakaMitundu yambiri ya moorie ndi yoyera ndi yakuda.
- Chinthu chosiyana cha azungu ndi mtundu woyera, nthawi zina wachikasu wa kapu yomwe ili ndi zing'onozing'ono komanso mphete zosiyana. Ikani mpaka 8 masentimita awiri. Bowa ndi waufupi, wandiweyani, amakula m'magulu. Manyowa ali ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu, akakhwimitsidwa, madzi amadzi amagawanika, omwe amasanduka chikasu mlengalenga.
- Mdima wakuda kapena wakuda ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba yakuda. Nthawi zina amatchedwanso chernushki. Msola ndi waufupi, kapu imakhala ndi mapiri ozungulira, mbale ndizobiriwira. Favorite malo Chernushkas - nkhalango losanganikirana. Amatha kupezeka mu masamba akale, mosses, pansi pa nthambi.
Bowa wamtchi wakuda ndi okongola mu mawonekedwe a saline; kotero iwo akhoza kusungidwa popanda kusowa kwa kukoma kwa zaka zitatu.Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe salting zakumwa zamkaka zakuda musanayambe kuthira, muyenera kuphika kwa masiku osachepera atatu ndikuphika.
Zelenushka
Malo abwino kwambiri kuti kukula kwa greenfinches ndi nkhalango zouma zapine, kumene zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mabanja onse. Amayamba kusonkhanitsa kumapeto kwa nyengo ya bowa mu kugwa. Iwo ali nalo dzina lawo chifukwa cha mtundu wonyezimira wobiriwira - mtundu uwu umasungidwa ngakhale panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha.
Zelenushka ali ndi mapira ouma, ouma molimba, omwe amasanduka achikasu. Pansi pa kapu muli mbale zosakanikirana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zelenushki akulimbikitsidwa kuti wiritsani, mwachangu kapena pota. Chinthu chachikulu - asanaphike kuphika amafunika kuponyedwa 
Mbuzi
Mbuzi ndi bowa wonyansa, womwe nthawi yomweyo uli ndi kukoma kokoma. Kapu ndi masentimita 4-12 masentimita ali ndi kuwala kofiirira. Kwa oimira achinyamata, amafunika kupanga mawonekedwe, kenako amawongoledwa, kukhala osasuntha.
Mwendo - woonda, wozungulira, wa mtundu wofanana ndi kapu. Pakati pa mvula, mbuzi imakhala ndi ntchentche yambiri, yomwe imawoneka ngati yosasangalatsa. Mnofu ndi wambiri ndipo uli ndi fungo losangalatsa.
Ng'ombe ziyenera kuyesedwa m'malo otukuta, m'madzi ozizira, m'mapiri a pine. Mu chakudyacho ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito bowa wang'ono. Iwo akulimbikitsidwa kuti mwachangu, wiritsani, pickle kapena youma. 
Chanterelle
Mitengo yaying'ono, yowala komanso yokongola imakhala m'madera osakanikirana, osokonezeka komanso a pine, mu glades ndi udzu kapena moss. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo odabwitsa, zimakhala zovuta kusokoneza ndi mitundu ina ya bowa.
Mwinanso mungakonde kuwerenga za chanterelles komanso momwe mungapezere bowa wonyenga, ndiwothandiza bwanji, komanso momwe mungasamalire ndi kutsegula chanterelles kunyumba.
Chanterelles amadziwika ndi nsalu yoboola pakati, yomwe ili ndi mapepala ofanana ndi mawotchi, ndi mwendo woonda kwambiri mpaka mamita 12 cm. Ali ndi mtundu wowala, wachikasu-lalanje. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, wamadzi wambiri, amasunga mwatsopano kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo, nthawi zambiri, ndi wormy.
Chanterelles amadya chimodzimodzi ndi bowa ndi bowa la porcini. Zimakhala zokoma m'njira iliyonse: yokazinga, yophika, yowonjezera, yophika. Kawirikawiri amakhala chida chochizira matenda osiyanasiyana. 
Maslata
Mafuta amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse: m'mapiri, glades, m'mphepete, m'minda, njira, pakati pa udzu. Chokolola choyamba chimasonkhanitsidwa ndi okolola bowa pa nthawi ya maluwa a pine, yachiwiri - ndi maluwa a linden. Komabe, zokolola zochuluka zimasonyezedwa nthawi yokolola.
Maslata ali ndi chipewa cha mithunzi yosiyana, malingana ndi malo: Kuchikasu ndi kofiira kofiira ku bulauni-bulauni. Ditala ya 2-10 cm. Mndandanda wa tubula, womwe uli pansi pa mutu, uli ndi filimu yoyera, yomwe idasandulika kukhala mphete. Mnofu ndi wachifundo, wachikasu, uli ndi fungo losangalatsa ndi mfundo za zipatso.
Maslata amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kwakukulu, chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika kuphika. Zikhoza kuphikidwa ndi zokazinga, kuzifota ndi kuzifota. Buluu wophika wophika mkaka uli ndi kukoma kokoma. 
Mokhovik
Mu CIS, mitundu 7 ya njenjete ndi yamba; Chobiriwira ndi chachikasu (mabokosi) amapezeka kwambiri m'dera lino. Chikhalidwe cha malo - dothi la mchenga, nkhalango zam'madzi, nkhalango zamtengo wapatali, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
- Green Moss amadziwika ndi chipewa chachikulu (masentimita 3-12), chipewa chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira kapena azitona, omwe ali ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono ochokera kumwamba. Lolunjika molunjika, motalika, pang'ono likukwera mmwamba. Thupi ndi loyera.
- Mphepete yamakona Ili ndi mtundu wakuda, wa chokoleti kapena wofiira, wonyezimira wambiri wambiri ndi mamba, miyendo yowongoka ndi mtundu wachikasu. Mnofu ndi wachikasu.
Mu mitundu yonse iwiriyi, mnofu pa mdulidwe umakhala ndi chigoba cha bluish, koma ichi si chizindikiro cha ngozi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mokhovikov woopsa kapena bowa wofanana ndi iwo salipo. Mokhoviki ali ndi kukoma kokoma, ntchito kwa pickling, kuyanika, salting. Kutenthedwa mwatenthete monga kutentha, stewing kapena kuwira.
Ndikofunikira! Kusonkhanitsa ma boletus, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kuti bowa sizinaphimbedwe ndi nkhungu. Ndizoopsa ku thanzi.
Uchi wachisanu
Chofunika kwambiri pazochitikira ndi chakuti amakula m'mabanja, magulu akuluakulu. Bowa lachilimwe - bowa la linden, monga iwo amatchedwanso - kukhazikika pa mitengo yovunda ndi mitengo.
Moth ali ndi kukula kochepa; kapuyo imakhala ya masentimita 3-6, ili ndi mawonekedwe okhwimitsa okhala ndi chifuwa pakati, pafupi ndi malo omwe akuwonekera mu nyengo yamvula. Msolawo ndi woonda, mpaka mamita 7 cm, kumtunda ndi wowala, wosalala, wokhala ndi mamba pansi. Iko ili pamzere mwa mawonekedwe a msuzi, womwe ukhoza kutha. 
Chisa cha m'dzinja
Bowa la m'dzinja likukula kwambiri. Msolo wawo ukhoza kufika pa masentimita 10, ndipo kapu pa girth ili ndi masentimita 17. Chipewa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhwima, koma chimakhala chokwanira ndi zaka. Mzere wake uli ndi mzere wa mamba. Pansi pa chipewa chokha ndiketi, yoyera ndi mtundu wachikasu.
Kujambula mazira a uchi kumadalira mtengo wamtundu umene adakhazikika. Mtengowo ndi wofiira, poplar ndi wachikasu ndi uchi, pini ndi wofiira. 
Dziwani zambiri za bowa zomwe zimadya monga boletus, ana, boletus bowa, aspen bowa, greenfinch bowa, parsley, boletus bowa, bowa.
Boletus
Pakati pa maluwa a viburnum, panthawi ya haymaking, osankha bowa amapita kukafunafuna maluwa omwe amakula kwambiri m'madera otseguka, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa madera komanso m'mapiri a birch.
Boletus amasiyana ndi kukula kwakukulu: kapu ikhoza kufika masentimita 15, mwendo ndi wautali, wandiweyani, wodzaza ndi masikelo akuda. Pali bowa la mtundu woyera, wachikasu kapena wofiirira. Bowa wa boletus ndi abwino kwa pickling. Zouma, yokazinga kapena yophika. 
Boletus
Sikovuta kuona malalanje a malalanje m'nkhalango. Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chipewa chachikulu chozungulira lalanje, chofiirira kapena choyera, komanso ndi mwendo wandiweyani ndi wautali, wokhuthala pansi, womwe uli pamwamba pake. Mukadula, thupi limakhala lobiriwira. Kuwetsa bowa kumaphatikizapo kuthetsa mitengo yambiri, mitengo ya birch ndi blueberries.
Mukudziwa? Ambiri amakhulupilira kuti bowa "amalankhula" dzinalo linapezedwa chifukwa cha malo okula, komanso chifukwa cha mtundu wa kapu, womwe uli wofanana ndi masamba a masamba a autumn. Komabe, sichipezeka osati pansi pa aspens, komanso kumadera a m'nkhalango, njira zamapiri, glades.
Kusonkhanitsa koyamba kumayamba mu July ndipo kumathera ndi chisanu choyamba. Bowa awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika sopo, masowera, amawonjezera masamba. Komanso zimaphatikizidwa ndi zouma.
Olima alimi adzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za zomwe bowa zimakula mu kugwa.
Bowa la ku Poland
Chestnut mokhovik yomwe imadziwika m'dera la Kaliningrad pansi pa dzina lakuti "bowa la Polish". Malo omwe mumakonda kwambiri malo ake ndi nkhalango zamapine zomwe zimakhala ndi mathithi, conifers, nkhalango za mitengo. Ikhozanso kupezeka pa dothi la mchenga.
Bowa wa ku Poland ali ndi chipewa chofiira, chofiira cha bulauni kapena chipewa chofiirira chokhala ndi khungu losagawanika. Pambuyo pa mvula, kapu imakhala yokhazikika komanso yoterera kumapeto. Msolo uli ndi nkhope yofiira ya mthunzi wachikasu ndi zomangamanga. Pamene kudula, thupi limatembenuza buluu. 
Popeza nsomba za mabokosi zimakhala zokoma, zimakhala zoyenera kugwiritsira ntchito: pickles, pickling, Frying, etc.
Kufiira
Ryzhiki, ngakhale kuti alibe "mawonekedwe" odabwitsa, ankakondedwa ndi okonzeka ambiri a bowa chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kwakukulu. Sungani pa malo okwezeka pakati pa mapiritsi ndi mitengo ya spruce, kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa August. Ginger amasiyana ndi mtundu wa lalanje wowala komanso kukhalapo kwa zobiriwira pamutu.
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muwerenge za bowa zomwe zimadyedwa komanso zoopsa, komanso kuti muwone momwe mungayang'anire bowa kuti mukhale ovomerezeka ndi njira zambiri.Tsinde la bowa ndilo lalanje. Kukula kwa kapu kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira masentimita 4 mpaka 17, ndipo oimira achinyamata amaperekedwa mmwamba, ndipo okalamba amakhala opangidwira mozungulira. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga frying ndi stew, koma njira yabwino kwambiri ndi salting.
Mpando wachifumu
Mbalame yotchedwa redbird kapena, monga momwe anthu amachiti amatchedwa, plantain ndi bowa yomwe imamera m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi birch, m'misewu, pamsewu. Zizindikiro zake ndizo: chipewa chofiira, chofiira, chofiira 4-10 masentimita ndi mphete, mtundu womwewo ngati mwendo woonda thupi, mnofu wambiri, kumasula mkaka wamoto mukamaumirizidwa.
Mukudziwa? Pali mitundu yokwana 3000 ya bowa, yomwe ndi yokwana 400 yokha yomwe imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Cherry ikukula m'magulu, nthawi zambiri matupi awo amakula palimodzi. Mtundu umenewu ndi woyenera salting. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, madokotala osiyanasiyana ndi mafuta odzola amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo.
Russula
Russula adatchulidwanso chifukwa chakuti mitundu yawo yambiri ingadye yaiwisi. Bowa amadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kapu yawo imatha kupeza mitundu yonse ya utawaleza. Koma mwendo ndi woyera komanso wamphamvu.
Ali wamng'ono, chipewacho chimakhala chokongoletsera, kuzungulira, kenaka chimakhala chophwanyika kapena chokhazikika. Manyowa ndi owopsa, spongy, oyera pa odulidwa. Mzinda wa Russulae umakhala m'mapiri a spruce-pin, nkhalango zakuda. Amakula m'magulu, osabisala mu udzu kapena masamba, kotero iwo amavutika kupeza ngakhale osankha amwawa osadziwa.
Komabe, sizitchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zawo. Mitundu ina ya masautso imakhala ndi zowawa, zakuwotcha, choncho asanaphike ayenera kuthira madzi ozizira kwa masiku awiri. 
Inedible, bowa chakupha
Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa bowa ndi poizoni ndikuti amadzibisa moyenera ngati mitundu ina ya zakudya. Choncho, kuti asawonongeke, munthu ayenera kuphunzira kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yodyera komanso yosayenera.
Chirabe chapafupi
Pale toadstool - owopsa kwambiri pakati pa poizoni bowa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumatha kumwalira, ndipo kenako imfa. Bowa laling'ono lingakhale lokwanira poizoni akuluakulu anayi.
Kukonzekera kwa kapu ndikumtunda, koma ali wamng'ono ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira mazira. Kapu yomwe ili ndi masentimita 5-15 masentimita, imakhala ndi maolivi (ikhoza kukhala yosiyana ndi yoyera mpaka imvi), pamwamba pake ndi fibrous ndi yosalala. Lamu loonda - pafupifupi masentimita 2.5, lokhala ndi mdima woyera. 
Mnofu ndi wosasunthika, wofewa, wofiira, wopanda kukoma komanso wosangalatsa, koma wosangalatsa. Отличительная черта бледной поганки - наличие широкой вольвы у основания ножки.
Ndikofunikira! Основная опасность поганки в том, что человеку становится дурно только после того, как яды начали действовать. Munthu akukumana ndi mavuto a m'mimba, kupweteka kwa minofu, kutsegula m'mimba, kuchepetsa kupanikizika. Patapita nthawi, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukhoza kukulirakulira, koma umangokhala chete wabodza, pamene impso ndi chiwindi zawonongedwa.
Gall mushroom
Nthawi zambiri nkhungu zimapezeka m'nkhalango zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka komanso zowonongeka. Kunja, amafanana ndi bowa woyera, koma amatha kudziwika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe ali pa tsinde. 
Kapu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpweya, imatha kufika kukula pakati pa 4 mpaka 15 cm; Pansi pake ndi youma, pang'ono mvula, mu nyengo yamvula imakhala yovuta. Mtundu wa kapu ndi wosiyana: kuchokera ku chikasu chachikasu mpaka ku bulauni. Msola ndi wamtali ndi woonda thupi, wotupa, wotupa pansi.
Thupi liri loyera, ndi lodulidwa lopsa, liri ndi kulawa kosasangalatsa kosautsa, sikuli kosauka ndipo kulibe kutchulidwa kununkhiza. Zizindikiro za poizoni ndi chamoyo ichi ndi zofanana ndi kudya bowa kapena shuga. Okalamba, 85% mwa poizoni amatha kufa.
Amanita wofiira
Amanita - woimira mitundu yonse ya bowa woopsa, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kusokoneza ndi ena. Chophimba chake chofiira cha hemispherical kapu chili ndi malo oyera. Mtundu wambiri, wamfupi komanso wandiweyani. Ntchentche imauluka makamaka pa dothi losavuta, m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. 
Nthaŵi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito bowa wofiira sikumayambitsa imfa, koma kumayambitsa maonekedwe, kukomoka kwa kumva ndi masomphenya. Muzitsamba zochepa zochokera ku bowa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala pofuna kupanga mankhwala omwe amatsutsa-kutupa, anti-khansa zotsatira.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zojambulajambula imayendera, komanso imathandizira agarics ya ntchentche.
Bowa la Amanita
Zosavuta, koma osachepera poizoni, ndi wachibale wapamtima wa bowa wofiira - bowa wa bowa. Zizindikiro zake zosiyana zimaganiziridwa ngati mtundu wa mandimu wachikasu ndi utsi wochuluka, woyera, wozungulira poyamba, kenako ndi chipewa chophimba, chophimba pamwamba. 
Tsinde ndilo lalitali, mpaka masentimita 12, la mawonekedwe a pulasitiki, atakwaniridwa kumapeto ndi zofiira pamwamba pa mphete. Thupi ndi lofewa, lotayirira, ndi fungo la mbatata ndi kukoma kowawa, kosangalatsa.
Zizindikiro za poizoni wa bowa zimakhala zofanana ndi poizoni wofiira: kupuma pang'ono, kupwetekedwa mtima, kusanza kumapezeka, komanso kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa, komanso kutaya chidziwitso kumatha kukhala ndi poizoni wambiri.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi kufotokozera nkhungu zomwe sizilomboledwa, monga tizilombo toyambitsa ndowe, boletus bodza, bowa la satana, fungasi ya gall, pedal toadstool.
Bowa la satana
Bowa la satana limawoneka ngati loyera. Zitha kupezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zowonongeka m'madera okhala ndi nthaka yobala. Ndiko kukula kwakukulu: kapu imakafika pa 8-20 masentimita, mwendo uli wokwera kufika masentimita 15, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 10 cm. 
Mitundu ya kapu imachokera ku imvi kuti imve imvi. Leg imatupa, ili ndi mawonekedwe a tuber. Thupi limasiyanitsidwa ndi tinge yachikasu; podulidwa, imapeza mtundu wa buluu.
Kusiyana pakati pa bowa ndi satana ndizopezeka pamlendo wa gulu la azitona kapena lofiira. Ndiponso kuchokera ku bowa ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Bowa la satana, likadya, limayambitsa matenda a mitsempha, limakhudza chiwindi ndi nthata.
Champignon wabodza
Mbali yapadera ya fumbi lachinyengo ndi fungo lokhazikika la iodized kapena fungo la carbolic asidi. Chophimbacho ndi choyera, chili ndi maziko osalala. Thupi ndi loyera, koma litakanizidwa chikasu. Bowa wonyezimira wonyezimira amadziwika pansi.
Mukadulidwa, thupi la mwendo limatembenuka chikasu, pang'onopang'ono limatembenuka lalanje, kenako limakhala lofiirira. Pamene mukuphika nkhunda zabodza, fungo lawo limakula, ndipo madzi amasanduka chikasu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale ndi kuphika kwa nthawi yayitali, poizoni wa bowa sizimachoka. Pambuyo pa maola awiri okha mutatha kudya fumbi lachinyengo, pali zizindikiro zowononga poizoni: kusanza, kunyowa, kutsekula m'mimba.
Malo am'munda a m'dera la Kaliningrad
"Kumenyana ndi Nkhumba" mumzinda wa Kaliningrad ukuyamba kuyambira April ndipo kumathera ndi chisanu choyamba.
Pofuna kukonzekera bowa kuti mupambane, muyenera kudziwa "malo a bowa":
- bowa kawirikawiri amapezeka m'madera osungirako nkhalango ku Curonian ndi Baltic, pafupi ndi tawuni ya Nesterov, m'chigawo chakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dera, nkhalango ya Novoderevensky, Bolshie Gorki, nkhalango ya Bolshakovsky;
- malo okondedwa chanterelles ndi nyanja ndi malo a Povarovka;
- Zelenushkas osankha bowa amakafufuzira kuzungulira dunes pa Curonian Spit;
- mukufufuza muzembera Mukhoza kupita ku Baltic, Kumachevo, Kruglovo, kupita kumadera akum'mwera chakumadzulo - Madera a Ladushkinsky, Chertov Most, Ushakovo;
- kwaniritsani maloto a osankha bowa ndikupeza kutsukidwa kwakukulu borovikov, mukhoza kupita kumudzi wa Kosmodemyanskaya, Mudzi wawukulu, m'mapiri a Soviet; Malo ozungulira Nyanja ya Vishtynetskoye amanenedwa kuti ndi malo abwino a bowa woyera.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mosasamala, mitundu yonse ya bowa imasankha zinthu zovomerezeka kuti zikule. Ngati nkhalangozo zili mdima, ndiye kuti bowa ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa pamapiri aatali, pamphepete mwa nkhalango, pafupi ndi misewu; Ngati pali magetsi ochulukirapo, muyenera kutsogolera kufufuza malo amdima. Ndi chinyezi chokwanira, bowa idzasunthira kumadera okwezeka, ndipo ngati isowa, idzabisala m'mitsinje.Kusankha mahombula
Nthawi zina ngakhale bowa amatha kukhala opanda vuto. Ndipo chinthu chonse apa chiri mu zinthu zoopsa - zamoyozi zimatha kuzigwira ngati siponji.
Choncho, ndikusaka "mwakhama, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:
- "Dongosolo la golidi" la osankha bowa ndi kusonkhanitsa bowa omwe amadziwa bwino. Ngati pali zokayikira pang'ono ponena za chiyambi ndi mtundu wa bowa - ndipo makamaka ngati pali thickenings ngati tuber pansi pa tsinde la bowa - ndibwino kuwataya mwamsanga. Bowa osadziwika sangathe kukhudzidwa ndi kulawa kwambiri.
- Sungani okha wathanzi, bowa achinyamata. Musadziike nokha pangozi, mukuyang'anitsitsa bowa, wouma, flabby, bowa wovunda, omwe, mwinamwake, ataya kukoma kwawo ndi zinthu zothandiza.
- Musasokoneze mycelium. Mukakusonkhanitsa ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musawononge mycelium, yomwe idzakhala ngati kubadwa kwa mbewu yatsopano. Ndibwino kuti bowa zooneka ngati tubula zikhale "zopotoka" m'nthaka, ndipo ziphuphu ziyenera kudula ndi mpeni pansi.
- Sungani bowa kumalo okonda zachilengedwe. Sikoyenera "kusaka" pafupi ndi msewu, mafakitale, mu malo ogulitsa mafakitale. Ndi bwino kupita ku nkhalango kapena kupita ku mapiri.
- Ikani bowa m'mabhasiketi. Kukonzekera koyenera bwino kuchokera ku zipangizo za chirengedwe: lubyanka zamatabwa, mabokosi a bokosi. Palibe chofunikira kutenga zikwama za cellophane, zomwe bowa zimangokhala "nthunzi".
- Nthaŵi yabwino ya "kusaka chete" ndi maola ammawa. Nkhumba zimakula usiku, kuti m'mawa zikhale zatsopano, zowirira komanso zopitilira.
- Nthawi yowonjezera imatengedwa ngati kufufuza kwa "nyama" mu udzu wamtali ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Chilichonse chomwe chikhoza kuyembekezera ndi zidutswa zingapo pa ora.
- Atangobwera kwawo, "trophies" zomwe zimapezedwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa, pamene zimataya mwamsanga katundu wawo. Bowa wothira mafuta ndi ophika.
Ndikofunikira! Zimaletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito msuzi wa bowa, ngakhale zitakhala zikukonzekera mitundu yonse.
Malo a Kaliningrad ali olemera mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa, omwe amawagulitsa bowa mosangalala kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn. Koma, poyesa "kusaka mwakachetechete" kwa zophika zokoma, zonunkhira komanso zothandiza kwambiri, sitiyenera kuiwala za kukhalapo kwa mitundu yoopsa.
Ingotsatirani malamulo akuluakulu osonkhanitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito - ndiyeno kukonzekera sikungokhala kokondweretsa, komanso kutetezeka kwa thanzi.
Mayankho ochokera ku intaneti
