Beech si mtengo wamtengo wapatali wokhala ndi zokongoletsera zamatabwa. Kuyambira kalekale, imatengedwa ngati umodzi wa mitundu yowonjezera mphamvu. Tsatanetsatane waching'ono wa beech ikhoza kusintha umunthu wa thupi ndi maganizo, kulimbikitsa chidziwitso, kupereka mtendere wa malingaliro ndi kulekerera. Kukhala ndi moyo wapadera, unyamata ndi thanzi linamvekedwa ndi iwo omwe, atadzipeza okha m'nkhalango ya beech, kamodzi kamadalira mtengo wa mtengo wamtali ndi wathanzi. Kodi chinsinsi cha chomera chodabwitsa, momwe chikuwonekera, kumene chimakula, chomwe chimakhala nacho komanso matenda omwe angachiritse - tidzanena za izi ndi zina zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake.
Kufotokozera
Buki (Fagus) ndi oyimilira a mtundu womwewo ndi dzina lomwelo ndikukula kufika mamita makumi anayi. Kunja, amadziwika ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yokongola, yaukhondo, yonyezimira yonyezimira komanso ya masamba obiriwira a oblong elliptical mawonekedwe.
Mukudziwa? Pakhala pali chizolowezi chochiritsa mitengo. Okhulupirira akale amanena kuti mphamvu yoipa iyenera kuperekedwa kwa spruces, ndipo mphamvu yabwino imachotsedwe ku pine, beech ndi thundu.
Mbali yamtengo wapatali ya mtengo ndi malo a mizu yake pamtunda. Sizinatanthauze zizindikiro za ndodo, ndipo kukula kwake kwapadera kumasiyanitsa ndi nthambi za anako.
Mapeto ang'onoang'ono a mizu amatha kukwera kapena nthambi ngati burashi pamtunda wa zinyalala zakufa. M'mitengo yakale, miyendo yamphongo imakula mwamphamvu, choncho zimakhala zofanana ndi ziboliboli ndi zofiira.
Nkhono zimakhala zooneka kuchokera ku khungwa la siliva la grey ndi lolowera. Mtengo umakhala ndi zaka 500, koma nthawi yogwira ntchitoyo imangokhala m'nthawi ya atumwi.
Pambuyo pa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu, thunthu limasiya kukula kwa msinkhu ndipo limangowonjezera. Zitsanzo zakale zimatha kukula m'mimba mwake mpaka mamita limodzi ndi hafu ndi zina zambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa pachaka kwa korona kukuwonekera mpaka zaka 350.
Zomera zina sizingakhoze kukula pansi pa denga la mitengo iyi. Kawirikawiri, pansi pa masamba osungunuka, nkhalango zokha zimangokhala zakufa.
Mukudziwa? Dotrotherapists amanena kuti kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso labwino, zili zokwanira kukhala ndi kanthu kakang'ono ka beech nanu. Mwachitsanzo, mikanda kapena zibangili. Kwa mwiniwake, izi sizongokhala zokongoletsera, koma zimakhala zamphamvu, zogwiritsa ntchito, zoganiza bwino, zowonongeka, komanso zotsitsimutsa.
Pa nthawi ya kufalikira kwa masamba osadziwika, omwe amasiyana m'kati mwake ndi theka la sentimita yaitali ndipo ali ndi kachidutswa ka mawonekedwe ofanana, inflorescences amawoneka kuchokera kumachimo otsika. Amagawanika kukhala amuna ndi akazi.
Zindikirani kuti zoyambazo zilipo kutalika kwa nthambi zonse, ndipo chachiwiri - pamapeto pake. Pambuyo maluwa m'nyengo yozizira, chipatso chimabala - katatu kansalu mtedza ndi lakuthwa m'mbali. Mu mbeu nthawi zambiri amakhala awiri kapena 4.
Dzidziwike ndi mitengo yotchuka, mitengo ya maluwa, zomera zokongola, mitengo yokongola, zomera zothandiza.
Mtengowo umafuna kutentha kutentha m'nyengo yozizira chifukwa umakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha amai omwe amawotchedwa. Koma pa nthawi yomweyi maluwa amawopa kwambiri chinyezi ndi youma. Inde, m'mikhalidwe yotereyi, mungu umafa.
Kuwonjezera apo, mu nyengo yamvula, kutsekemera kolimba kumachokera ku masamba kumatsuka. Ndipo izi zimakhudza kuphulika koipa.
Mitundu
Botanist imatulutsa pafupifupi mitundu khumi ya nyemba. Talingalirani zotchuka kwambiri.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire mthethe woyera, wachikasu, siliva, birch, elm, yosalala, hornbeam, thundu, linden, alder, phulusa, chiwindi, velvet, mtengo wa soseji, ginkgo biloba, gedichiyu, pavlovnia, catalpa, msuzi, mazira.
European (Fágus sylvática)
Amatchedwanso nkhalango ya beech. Izi ndizo zomwe zimaimira anthu a m'banja la Beech, zomwe zimapezeka kumadzulo, m'madera akumidzi ndi kummawa kwa Europe (Denmark, Norway, United Kingdom, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Greece, France, Spain, Portugal). Ku Ukraine, mitengoyi imakula ku Carpathians, komanso ku Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Ternopil, Rivne, Khmelnytsky ndi Vinnitsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitunduyi inayambika ku North America continent. M'madera awa, beech plantings amapanga nkhalango zonse zazitsamba, ngakhale nthawi zambiri zomera zimalimidwa m'minda yamaluwa, mapaki ndi arboreta.
Amaluwa ambiri amawakonda m'mapangidwe a malo, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu. Mbali ya mtengo wa European beech ndi nkhuni zake, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando, ndi zipatso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya.
Mukudziwa? M'nthawi ya Soviet Union, panali chikhalidwe cha boma chopanga timitengo ta ayisikilimu. Dipatimenti ya Umoyo wa USSR inalimbikitsa zowonjezera kuchokera ku beech. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti, monga asayansi amavomerezera, nkhuni izi sizingafanane - izo zimakhudzidwa kwathunthu mu thupi laumunthu.
Makhalidwe osiyana a beech a European ndi mawonekedwe a ovate kapena ozungulira omwe ali ndi korona ndi nthambi zowongoka ndi zoonda. Malo ake okwera nthawi zambiri amafika 315 m2.
Large Leaf (Fagus grandifolia)
Mitengo iyi ya maluwa a Beech imadziwika bwino kumadera akummawa a North America ndi Western Europe. Kuchokera ku Nova Scotia kufupi ndi mtsinje wa St. Marys kupita ku Nyanja ya Superior, kudutsa nyanja ya Indiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, mpaka kufika ku nyanja ya Atlantic. Malo osiyana a botany a beech otchedwa lalikulu aaved bean amakhala pamtunda wa Louisiana, Arkansas ndi Texas, komanso madera a Mexico.
M'mayiko a ku Ulaya, zamoyozo zinabwera kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 monga chikhalidwe chokongoletsera malo okongoletsa malo. M'kupita kwanthawi, ayesedwe pamtengo. Chomeracho chikhoza kupezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, komwe kuli mapulo, birch ndi linden.
Choyimira cha mawonekedwe ndicho chachikulu chokhala ndi mapepala a pepala. Impso iliyonse imatha kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 2.5. Masamba ndi otsika kwambiri, amawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Nthawi yaitali masamba amakhala 6-12 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi - 3-6 masentimita.
Mtengo umawoneka wokongola mu nyengo iliyonse. Mu kasupe, masamba osungunuka amachititsa diso, m'chilimwe amasinthidwa kukhala chivundikiro chobiriwira chobiriwira cha korona, ndipo m'dzinja amadzazidwa ndi mabulosi ofiirira a burgundy.
Ndikofunikira! Wokonzekera mankhwala, masamba a beech ndi makungwa sangathe kuuma dzuwa. Mothandizidwa ndi mazira a ultraviolet mu mankhwala omwe amapanga zipangizo zosasinthika zimapezeka ndipo zothandiza zigawo zikuwonongedwa. Njira yabwino yowuma ndipopupa mpweya wabwino.
Kummawa (Fagus orientalis)
Mitunduyi imakhala yofala kwambiri m'madera ozungulira nyanja ya Black Sea ndi ku Caucasus. Ali ndi kukula kochepa kwambiri komanso kulekerera kwa mthunzi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake achinyamata a kumidzi a kummawa amapereka kukula kwakukulu pansi pa nkhalango, koma akamakula msinkhu, nthambi zimatseka mwamphamvu, osapatsa mpata kukula kapena udzu.
Mwachikhalidwe, zomerazi zimakhala zoposa theka la nkhalango zonse za Caucasus. Zimakula bwino pamtunda kufika mamita chikwi pamwamba pa nyanja.
Zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za mitundu iyi ndi zowamba kwambiri, komanso zimatulutsa mphukira zazing'ono. Wood ndi yoyera ndi yachikasu komanso zakuthupi ndi zamakina katundu. Chombo chokhacho cha bolodi la beech ndikumakhala kosavuta kutsutsana ndi kuvunda, komwe sikuli njira yabwino kwambiri yokhudzira kupirira kwa nkhaniyo.
Akatswiri amalangiza kuti musanagwiritse ntchito ndizofunikira kukonza matabwa ndi njira zenizeni zomwe zimapangitsa kupirira kwake.
Chijapani (Fagus japonica)
Mitengo ya beech imapezeka pazilumba za ku Japan za Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, komanso pa Peninsula ya Korea. Amakonda mapiri ndipo akhoza kukwera mamita 2,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Zinyumba zapakhomo zimatha kuwona m'minda ya Ulaya, koma osati nthawi zambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Popanda kutentha kwabwino, zipatso za beech zingayambitse poizoni, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi zowawa m'mimba, kuvutika kwapadera, kupwetekedwa mtima, kupweteka mutu, phokoso loopsa la gastroenteritis. Ngati mukumwa mowa, ndi bwino kuti musambe matumbo.
Kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha Japanese beech ndi kutalika kwake. Poyerekeza ndi anthu ena, oimira mitunduyi samakula pamwamba pa mamita 20 ndipo nthawi zambiri amalembedwa. Maluwa awo amakhala aakulu masentimita 6-8 ndipo amadziwika ndi maziko ooneka ngati mtima, komanso mitsempha yamkati. Zipatso za Japanese beech nthawizonse zimakhala ndi mapeto ena.
Phunzirani zambiri za zomera zotchedwa coniferous - larch, fir, thuja, pine, pseudo-hemlock, cypress, microbiota, mkungudza wamtengo wapatali, Araucaria, yew, myriacis ya phokoso, cryptomeria, mkungudza, mkungudza.
Taiwanese (Fagus hayatae)
Ndi mtengo wokhala ndi mamita makumi awiri ndi mita komanso korona wokongola. Kukula kwa mitunduyi kuli kochepa ku Taiwan. Koma ngakhale kudziko lakwawo, chikhalidwe sichipezeka kawirikawiri m'nkhalango, monga pang'onopang'ono kukhala palimodzi ndi kukula kwa beech. Ndiponso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Taiwan siipereka mphukira zazing'ono.
Gorodchaty (Fagus crenata)
Zizindikiro za mtundu umenewu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwake kwa mitengo ikuluikulu, yomwe imatha kufika mamita 35. Mphepete mwachitsulo amakhalanso ndi malingaliro, omwe ali ndi nthambi zazing'ono zotsekedwa ndi masamba omwe ndi masentimita 10 m'litali.
Phunzirani za mavuto akukula maapulo, mapeyala, yamatcheri, walnuts, mapulasi a chitumbuwa, mitengo ya chitumbuwa cha mbalame, apricots, yamapichesi, nkhuyu.Zokoma zowonongeka zimatchuka ku Japan. Chifukwa amachititsa nkhalango zowonongeka. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa chomera ichi, amphika am'deralo nthawi zambiri amayesa kuwonjezera masamba aang'ono ku chakudya chawo, ndipo Japan mwachizolowezi amapanga khofi ku mtedza wa beech.
Mukudziwa? Ziwombankhanga zimakoka mphezi. Izi ndizo zogwirizanitsidwa ndi gulu la ofufuza omwe adaphunzira za mikwingwirima yotsalira pamtengo popanda makungwa pambuyo pa mabingu amphamvu. Malingana ndi chiwerengero, mtengo uliwonse unagwidwa ndi mphezi. Mitundu isanu yowopsa kwambiri inatseka linden, spruce, poplar ndi thundu.
Engler (Fagus angleriana)
Malingalirowa amadziwika ndi thunthu lalikulu la mamita 20 ndi korona yaikulu kwambiri yomwe imakhala ngati mawonekedwe ophimba. Izi zimachokera ku nthambi yamphamvu. Chomeracho chimasiyana ndi nyemba zina mu mawonekedwe a masamba osakanikirana.
Zifupa zimaonedwa kuti n'zosawerengeka. Amapezeka kokha m'madera ena a People's Republic of China. Mitundu yowonjezereka ingathe kuwonetsedwa kumalo okongola a mayiko ena.
Long-petiole (Fagus longipetiolata)
Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku imatchedwa South China, chifukwa cha malo omwe amapereka mtengo. Nthaŵi zambiri nkhalango zawo zakutchire zimapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha ku Vietnam, komanso kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa China. Thupi losalala la beech long beech pamwamba mamita 25 silikula. Yokongoletsa korona ndi pang'ono pogona pamwamba. 
Dzidziwitse ndi mitundu ya mapulo - golide-anasiya, wofiira, flamingo, phulusa-laved, Chitata, Japan, Manchurian, Ginnala, siliva, munda, Canada.
Kuwala (Fagus lucida)
Mitundu imeneyi, ngati ya m'mbuyomo, imadziwika kwambiri ndi anthu a ku China. Amakwera pamwamba pamtunda wosaposa mamita 25 ndipo amadziwika ndi chovala chokongoletsera, chokongoletsedwa ndi mtedza wambiri. Mbali yapadera ya mitunduyi ndi chithunzi choonekera pa makungwawo.
Ndikofunikira! Maluwa okongola ndi beech akuphatikizapo: hazel, thundu, birch, phiri phulusa, sycamore, berry yew, fir, pine, spruce, Canada hemlock.
Ali kuti akukula
Kukula kwa beech kwakhala kwanthawi yaitali dziko lapansili. Zakhala zatsimikiziridwa ndi sayansi kuti zaka 85 miliyoni zisanafike nthawi ino, zomerazi zinali ndi gawo lalikulu m'mayiko ambiri. M'masiku amenewo, zochitika zawo zochokera ku Canada kudutsa ku Alaska, Greenland, Kamchatka ndi ku Urals. Koma patadutsa zaka 62 miliyoni, mabombawa ankakhala m'madera akum'mwera kwa Eurasia ndi North America, ndipo ankasuntha zomera zachilengedwe.
Pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa Ice Age, mitengo ya beech inadulidwa ndi conifers kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Izi zikusonyezedwa ndi zotsalira zamatabwa za ku Scotland.
Masiku ano, mabotolo akulengeza beech kwa oimira ambiri a zomera. M'mbali iliyonse ya dziko lapansi: ngakhale m'madera otsika, ngakhale m'mapiri, mungawapeze. Komanso, mitengoyi idzakhala yovuta kwambiri m'nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zovuta.
Mukayang'anitsitsa pa mapu amakono a dziko lapansi, ndiye kuti beeks imapereka malo otentha kwambiri a Northern Hemisphere. Mitengo imakwera pamwamba pa mamita 2.5,000 pamwamba pa nyanja, imakonda mapuloteni a loamy ndi alkalini ndi pH pang'ono, amadziwika ndi kuwonjezereka, ndipo safuna.
Ndikofunikira! Akatswiri amachitchula nthawi yoyamba ya autumn nthawi yabwino yokolola beechwood.
Mankhwala
Kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu akhala akuchita mankhwala a zitsamba za beech pogwiritsa ntchito masamba, makungwa ndi mafuta a zomera zabwino kwambiri. Mankhwala a machiritso, teas, osambira, lotions, compresses akukonzedwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zake.
Machiritso a chikhalidwe ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Bioenergy imachichitira icho monga chitsimikizo china cha mphamvu, chidziwitso ndi mtendere wamkati. Mitengo ya beech imayamikiridwa kwambiri lero.
Malinga ndi akatswiri, beech ali ndi zotsatira zotsatirazi:
- kumachepetsa dongosolo lamanjenje;
- kumathandiza ndi kusowa tulo;
- kumathandiza kuyendetsa magazi;
- amachiza mabala;
- ali ndi zotsatira zoyambitsa matenda;
- phindu pamatumbo a m'mimba;
- zimayambitsa shuga za magazi;
- kumachepetsa ululu ndi kuchepetsa kutupa;
- kumalimbikitsa chilakolako;
- kukweza mphamvu;
- normalizes chiwindi;
- kumakula khungu, misomali ndi tsitsi;
- Amathandizira ndi rheumatism (minofu ndi mafuta a beech akuwonetsedwa);
- kulimbikitsa njira zamagetsi;
- amalephera kukula kwa kuchepa kwa magazi ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini;
- amatsuka thupi la cholesterol, zowonongeka kwaulere ndi slags;
- Amathandizira ndi matenda a pamtunda wopuwala, bronchi ndi mapapo.
Ndikofunikira! Mtedza wa Beech ndi woyenera kumwa, koma mawonekedwe awo opangidwa ndizosatheka. Izi zimachokera ku chiwerengero chachikulu cha alkaloids omwe amatha kupuma pafupipafupi.
Video: mtedza wa beech
Ntchito
Beech ndiyamikirika m'nyumba osati kokha mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mankhwala. Mitundu yambiri yolima mitundu imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yamaluwa. Muzithunzi izi, mitengo imatha kukhala m'magulu amodzi ndi ochepa. Kaŵirikaŵiri, amatha kupanga chidutswa chobiriwira m'mapaki okongola, ndipo amakhalanso ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri popanga mazenera.
M'mayiko ambiri, malo opindulitsa kwambiri - mtengo wapatali umaperekedwa ku nkhalango za beech. Monga mwalamulo, ndizimenezi kuti malo abwino okondweretsa ana ndi akulu akupezeka.
Beech imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mazenera, fufuzani zomera zomwe muyenera kumvetsera pamene mukuyika linga, tchire limakula mofulumira, ndi momwe mungasamalire mpanda.Akatswiri a zachilengedwe akugogomezera ntchito yamakhalidwe oyeretsa mlengalenga komanso kutetezedwa kwa dothi, kutentha kwa nyengo. Malingana ndi akatswiri, beech plantings amathandizira kuti ingress ya madzi othamanga pamtunda kwambiri.
Powonongeka ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa ma uniform kwa malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga waperekedwa ndipo silting yawo imaletsedwa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti m'nkhalango zotere mulibe kutukula kwakukulu kwa nthaka. Pakalipano, mizu ya mitengo imatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowonjezera.
Mitengo yakale imamangidwa ndi nkhuni zamtengo wapatali. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri muzitsulo zojambulidwa, kupanga zipangizo, zoimbira (guitara, violins), mapepala, mapuloteni, zida zoyezera, zida za mfuti, zokumba matabwa.
Mukudziwa? Anthu olankhula Chingerezi amagwiritsa ntchito beech ngakhale akukonda Budweiser zakumwa, kuwonjezera nkhuni nkhuni akuphika..Makhalidwe a zipika za beech ndi awa:
- zofiira zoyera kapena zachikasu, zomwe zimadzakhala zofiira;
- kuchulukitsa;
- zokhutiritsa zotsitsimula;
- kupweteka;
- kutayirira kwa chinyezi pa chinyezi chokwanira;
- mpumulo wa processing ndi kupukuta;
- kupunduka kwa machitidwe opita patsogolo.
Из дерева можно сделать стеллаж, стол, кресло-качалку, бочку, забор, теплицу, дорожку из спилов, беседку.
Mitengo ya beech yapeza ntchito yawo kuphika. Mwachitsanzo, asidi asidi amapangidwa kuchokera ku nkhuni zawo, ndipo mtedza umagwiritsidwanso ntchito mchere. Komanso, zipangizozi ndizomwe zimapangidwira polojekiti, mafuta a methyl ndi creosote.
Dziwani kuti, pogwiritsa ntchito mavitamini ndi mineral olemera a zipatso za beech, m'malo omwe muli mitengo yambiri, anthu am'derali amaphika zikondamoyo, zikondamoyo ndi ufa wochepa wa ufa. Ndipo m'madera a Caucasus ndi Carpathian, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokolola zonse.
Kuchokera ku zipatso za beech iwo amapeza mafuta ofunikira kwambiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofuna chakudya (mu kukoma kwake si koipa kwambiri kuposa Provençal), komanso cosmetology. Zimaphatikizidwa ku masikiti osiyanasiyana monga chophimba cha tsitsi, nkhope ndi khungu. Malinga ndi teknoloji yopanga, mafuta a beech a mitundu yowonjezera amagwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa ziweto ndi ma khofi.
Chaririks (mtedza wa mtedza) amagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo za mafuta a beech
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala a Beech amatsutsana kwambiri ndi anthu omwe amawoneka ngati osagwirizana ndi zigawozo. Choncho, akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito mayesero musanagwiritse ntchito chomera chilichonse chopangira zakudya kapena zodzikongoletsera. Pochita izi, ndikwanira kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochepa kumadera omwe ali ndi khungu lodziwika bwino..
Kuwonjezera apo, beech zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala. Kuchokera ku matenda osiyanasiyana, mankhwala a chilengedwe chonse ndi tiyi wamba, opangidwa kuchokera ku supuni ya tiyi ya youma, yosweka masamba ndi galasi la madzi otentha. Pa tsiku la zakumwa zotere amasonyeza lita imodzi.
Ndipo kwa iwo omwe amakonda masitidwe a m'nkhalango, otsogolera akulangizidwa kuti apeze mtengo wachinyamata ndi wamphamvu, wotsamira mmbuyo ndi malingaliro "kuphatikiza" nawo mu umodzi umodzi. Zomwezo zimapereka mphamvu ya mphamvu ndi thanzi.
Kuswana
Buki amaoneka ngati mthunzi wolekerera ndi zomera zosadulidwa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zilizonse. Choncho, mosavuta ndi mofulumira kuchuluka. Pansi pa chilengedwe, njirayi imachitika kawirikawiri ndi njira ya mbewu, komanso mothandizidwa ndi mphukira, yomwe imatulutsa mphukira zazing'ono.
Koma pali njira zina zopezera kamera kakang'ono. Talingalirani iwo mwatsatanetsatane:
- Cuttings. Kusiyana kumeneku kumachitika kawirikawiri ndi wamaluwa pa kubalana kwa mitundu yolima. Pachifukwa ichi, kubzala zinthu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 12 kumadulidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zazing'ono ndi zamphamvu. Anakumana ndi wamaluwa amalangiza kugwira cuttings kwa kanthawi mu kukula stimulant yankho ("Kornevin", "Emistim") asanadzalemo. Ndipo pambuyo pake, imbani izo mwambo wa loamy nthaka ndi madzi bwino. Pofuna kukula bwino kwa mizu, ndi bwino kuphimba munda ndi filimu kuti phokoso la wowonjezera limapangidwe pansi pake.
- Katemera. Njira imeneyi imachitika masika kapena autumn. Zimakwaniritsidwa m'njira yachikhalidwe: pamtengowu, mphika wokonzedwa bwino umakhazikitsidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi tepi yamagetsi, polyethylene kapena zipangizo zina. Khalani okonzeka kuti katemera akhoza kukhala opanda ntchito. Monga katundu, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoyenera ya zomera zamtchire. Pamene zowonjezera zikumera, phirilo likhoza kuchotsedwa.
- Tapopi. Zikuchitika kuti mayi akukula mosakayikira akutulutsa mphukira zazing'ono ku nthambi zazu. Ndikofunika kuwapatsa mpata wolimba ndikukhala m'nyengo yozizira kamodzi. Kenaka mungathe kudula kamera kakang'ono kuchokera ku chomera chokhwima.
- Njira ya Mbewu. Ambiri obereketsa ndi osamalira wamaluwa amayamba kuganiza kuti njira iyi yoposa izi zimatsimikizira zotsatira za khama. Koma vuto lalikulu lagona mu kusonkhanitsa zakuthupi. Ngati njirayi ikupambana, mbewuyo iyenera kusamalidwa ndi matenda osabwereka musanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito potassium permanganate. Pambuyo pake, amafesedwa kawirikawiri mu chidebe chokha ndipo amamera m'malo am'chipinda mpaka kutentha kunja. Pomwepokha, zomera zimatha kuziika pamalo otseguka.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zida zothandizira, kukulumikiza, kudulira, kudyetsa mitengo.
Chisamaliro
Mitundu yonse ya beeches imayang'ana kuwononga kwa mpweya ndi nthaka ya salinity. Kwa kubzala ndi bwino kusankha malo okongola ndi zigawo zowonjezera. Ngati palibe, muyenera kuyendayenda.
M'chaka, ndi zofunika kuwonjezera zovuta zamchere feteleza ku malo, zomwe zidzasintha chitukuko cha mbande. Komanso, zaka 3 zoyambirira zitatha, sizikula.
Mitengo imadziwika bwino kuti imakhala yoyera komanso yopangidwa ndi korona. Amatsitsimutsa pamthunzi ndi dzuwa lotentha, koma samalola mphepo zakumpoto, ma drafts, madontho a kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali.
Zikondwerero zimakonda kutenthetsa komanso kutentha kwambiri. Choncho, pamene mukukula m'minda, mitengo ikuluikulu imafuna kuthirira nthawi ndi kuthirira nthaka. Palinso njira zofunikira zowonongeka ndi kuchotsedwa kwa chakale, nthambi zowonongeka kapena zotayika.
M'zaka zoyambirira mutabzala, mbande zozulidwa zimafuna prophylactic kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komanso musaiwale kumasula nthaka mu bwalo ndikuchotsa namsongole. Kuti muteteze chinyezi m'nthaka malinga ndi momwe mungathere, mutha kuziyika ndi udzu.
Mukudziwa? Ma yogisi a ku India amakhulupilira kuti beeches kuposa mitengo yonse imatenga mphamvu kuchokera kumwamba ndipo, pamene iwo alowa malo okhala anthu, nthawi zonse amawagawana nawo ndi alimiwo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Ngakhale kuti nthawi yokhala ndi moyo kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi zisanu, amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Choncho, panthawi yake zothandizira zingathandize achinyamata mbande.
Mwa oimira anthu onse, owopsa kwambiri pazisiti ndi awa:
- chitseko;
- mbozi yofiira;
- gulugufe;
- njenjete yachisanu;
- peeled lalanje ndi wachikasu-imvi;
- kuwombera;
- masamba a wrappers;
- mipando yamatabwa;
- golide;
- beech streptocipital moth;
- tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- vilohvost;
- mole;
- borer odorous;
- chimbalangondo chofala;
- barbel wa tirigu;
- Oak khungwe lakuya;
- beetle;
- aphid;
- zopanda;
- mphutsi;
- Gauls;
- moths;
- makungwa a beech makungwa.
Phunzirani kudula mtengo, mmene kuwononga mtengo popanda kudula, kukongoletsa chitsa, momwe kudula stumps.Kuukira kwa tizilombozi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi masamba osokonekera ndi opanda moyo, nthambi zofota, komanso kuwonongeka kwa intra-trunk. Ndilo khalidwe limene ambiri omwe amatha kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amayamba kutsegulidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kudya zakudya zowonongeka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ena amakonda kudya zipatso zokoma.
Ngati palibe chimene chitachitika, moyo wautali wa nkhalango udzatha posachedwapa. Akatswiri amalangiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mankhwala ndi mankhwala opatsirana. Izi zikuphatikizapo: Aktar, Aktellik, Provado, Calypso, Decis ndi ena.
Mukudziwa? Tsogolo la Joan waku Arc linasewera ndi beech, yomwe imatchedwa "mtengo wamapiri" ku Lorraine. Choncho sitidziwika kuti dzinali linachokera kuti (mwinamwake likugwirizana ndi miyambo ya Aselote akale), koma anthu am'mudzimo amakhulupirira kuti chophimba choyandikana chapafupi chinali ndi machiritso, madzi ake amachotsedwa ku malungo ndikuchiritsa odwala. Mphamvu yamachiritso ya machiritso imatchedwa mtengo. Oyendayenda nthawi zambiri ankasonkhana mu ngodya yokongola kwambiri, akuchititsa mantha atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi kuvina ndi kuimba. Jeanne anali pakati pawo. Ndipo pa milandu yake yokhudza milandu inali kutanthauza "kupembedza mafano".Kuwonjezera pa kukunkha ndi kuyamwa mavuto, beech amaopsezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi awiri. Matenda amtundu wamba ndi awa:
- powdery mildew (zomwe zimayambitsa kuyanika kwa masamba omwe ali kale kumapeto kwa chilimwe);
- Mizu yovunda (zomera zazing'ono zimasokonezeka);
- kupititsa patsogolo (kumatsogolera ku necrosis ya nkhuni, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zowonongeka);
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- non-sodium necrosis (pamene mbali ya thunthu ndi cortex imakhudzidwa);
- chithunzi;
- khansa ya chisanu (imapezeka m'malo otayika kwambiri ndi chisanu);
- nkhungu yobiriwira (kumenyana mtedza ndi kuphukira kwachinyamata).
Kuonjezera apo, kukula kwa nthendayi kumapanga mbali zosiyanasiyana za mbeu. Kupulumutsa mitengo ku mavuto amenewa kumathandiza fungicides: "Allett", "Skor", "Coronett", "Antrakol", "Previkur", "Maxim".
Kumbukirani kuti beeches silingakhoze kukula mothandizidwa ndi utsi, kutulutsa mpweya. Zinthu izi zimakhudza zomera. Komanso, ngati matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri, mbali zina zimadwala, ndipo nthawi zonse, ntchito zofunikira pang'onopang'ono zimafa.
Mukudziwa? Mpaka makilogalamu 300 a mtedza akhoza kukolola kuchokera ku hekita limodzi la nkhalango ya beech m'chaka chabwino..
Kugula
Chifukwa chopangira phindu la mitengo ya beech, makungwa ndi masamba amawathandiza ngati mankhwala osakaniza mu famu, monga matabwa okongola ngati nkhuni, ndi mtedza wokoma ngati chokoma chokoma.
Malinga ndi akatswiri ochokera ku dendrotherapy, kukolola masamba kumachitika m'nyengo yozizira. Ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa makungwa akugwa. Zomwezo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa zipatso, chifukwa mu mawonekedwe achikulire iwo ali osakwanira ndipo sangasungidwe kwa nthawi yaitali. Kawirikawiri, njira yokolola imayamba mu September, pamene zipatso zimagwera pansi, ndipo zimatha mpaka December.
Pambuyo pokolola mbewu ayenera kuyambanso kupukuta ndi kuyanika. Pokhapokha zingathe kusankhidwa mu matumba osungirako. Ndikofunika kuti chinyezi chisungidwe sichidutsa 60-65 peresenti. Mwa njira, ndi bwino kuyika mapaketi pazitsamba, osati pansi.
Mtengo wa beech ndi wabwino kwambiri wokolola ku nkhuni zakufa.
Mukudziwa? Aigupto akale nthawi zonse ankagwiritsa ntchito zida zamatabwa pamutu pawo kuti awatchinjire ku zoopsa ndi zovuta. Choipa choyipa chinali kuonedwa ngati kutaya kwa nkhani yotereyi. Izi zinkawoneka ngati matenda osapeŵeka kapena imfa ya yemwe kale anali mwiniwake..
Tsopano mumadziwa kuti nkhalangoyi ndi yamtengo wapatali komanso chifukwa chake nyumba iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi miyala ya beech. Sizabwino kuti mitengo iyi ilemekezedwe ndi akatswiri ngati mafuta onunkhira othamanga, omwe amatembenuzira thupi lanu kukhala linga lamtendere, ndipo nsaluyi imakhala malo olimbikitsa mtendere. Tengani mphatso zake zopatsa kuchokera ku chilengedwe popanda kuvulaza, ndipo ubwino udzalamulira m'nyumba mwanu.
