Cherries "Napoleon Black": makhalidwe, kulima magetsi

Kawirikawiri pali anthu omwe sakonda yamatcheri okoma. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zipatso zotchuka kwambiri, zomwe zalimidwa ku Ulaya ndi Asia kwa zaka mazana angapo.

Pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya chitumbuwa. Ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane kalasi ya "Napoleon wakuda."

About kuswana

Lokoma chitumbuwa ndi wakale zipatso mbewu. Dziko lakwawo ndi Asia. Koma mabulosiwa anadza ku Ulaya kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale isanayambe nyengo yathu. Kugawo la Ukraine ndi Russia, yamatcheri amakula kuyambira nthawi ya Kievan Rus. German wamaluwa wamaluwa anachita kusankha lokoma yamatcheri ku XVIII atumwi. Napoleon yakuda ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri yomwe inalembedwa ku Western Europe kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. M'mayiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union, wakhala akulima kuyambira m'ma 1930. Kuchokera apo, mitundu yatsopano yatsopano ndi hybridi. Koma "Black Napoleon" sizimaleka malo awo, popeza ili ndi zizindikiro zodabwitsa.

Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Teofrast, katswiri wa Chigiriki wakale wa zaka za m'ma 400 BC, amatchula za cherries mu ntchito yake. Ndipo m'zaka za zana la AD AD Wolemba mbiri wachiroma Pliny analemba kale za mitundu khumi ya chitumbuwa chokoma, chomwe chimadziwika ku Roma.

Kufotokozera ndi makhalidwe

Cherry mitengo osati mowolowa manja amapereka eni zokoma zipatso, koma akhoza kukongoletsa aliyense munda. Amawoneka okongola kwambiri maluwa ndi fruiting.

Wood

Mtengo wa "Napoleonic" umakula waukulu (mamita 5-6). Imakula makamaka mwamphamvu isanayambe kubereka zipatso. Makungwa a Cherry amasiyana ndi mtundu wa chitumbuwa: zimakhala zowala. Nthambi zamtunduwu zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba obirira zimapanga korona wokongola. Masambawa ndi aakulu, otalikirana, ndi nsonga yakuthwa, mdima wobiriwira. White maluwa pachimake pa maluwa nthambi, anasonkhana inflorescences wa 2-3 zinthu.

Zipatso

"Napoleon yakuda" ndi imodzi mwa Mitundu ya BigarroZipatso zake zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zamkatimbiri, zomwe sizifewetsa kuzinthu ndi kusunga, ndipo zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Mofanana ndi bigarros ena, yamatcheri wakuda Napoleon ndi olimba, wandiweyani ndi ophwanyika. Iwo ndi aakulu kwambiri, akulemera 6-7 g.

Khungu ndi lakuda ndi lakuda, silikuphulika. Mkati mwa fupa amabisala ngati mazira owongolera, kukula kwake ndikutalika, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 6.5% ya kulemera kwake kwa mabulosi. Maonekedwe a zipatso si ozungulira, koma amawoneka mofanana ndi mtima. Mtundu wa khungu, ngati zamkati, ndi ruby ​​wakuda, nthawi zina amawoneka wakuda. Zipatsozi ndi zokoma kwambiri, zokoma kwambiri, zowawa komanso ngakhale zowawa pang'ono.

Werengani komanso za mitundu ya yamatcheri amdima: "Tsambani", "Zokonda Astakhova", "Adeline", "Ovstuzhenka".

Zina mwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana

Kukula yamatcheri wakuda "Napoleon" ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi mitundu ina. Koma zosiyana zake zimakhudzabe chisamaliro ndi kukolola.

Zima zowirira ndi kukaniza matenda

Lokoma yamatcheri okha ndi thermophilic. Napoleon yakuda ndi yosiyana. Avereji chisanu kukana. Iwo mosavuta amapulumuka mu zikhalidwe za Ukraine nyengo yozizira ndi frosts mpaka -30 ° С. Choncho, palibe malire ku Ukraine. Ndipo ku Russia izo zikhoza kupulumuka kumadera akum'mwera.

"Napoleon" imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri. Koma popanda mankhwala, amatha kudwala ndi moniliasis, coccomycosis ndi zowola zipatso. Paliwopsezo kuchokera ku tizirombo ngati izi: ntchentche ntchentche, aphid, ntchentche yodyera masamba, njuchi njuchi.

Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizilombo ndi mankhwala ophera fungicides ndi tizilombo pazigawo zosiyana siyana za kukula kwa mtengo: Panthawi yopuma maluwa, mphukira, kumapeto kwa maluwa, panthawi yokolola zipatso komanso mutatha kukolola.

Zimbudzi

"Napoleon yakuda" amatanthauza samobesplodnymi mitundu yamatcheri okoma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sipadzakhala chipatso pamtengo kapena kumangidwa, koma ndizochepa, popanda pollination. Kuti mupereke zokolola zambiri muyenera kulima pamodzi ndi mungu wofiira, ndiko kuti, chitumbuwa cha mitundu ina, yomwe imafalikira panthawi yomweyo ndi "Napoleon". Palibe chifukwa chodzala pollinator ngati mtengo womwe uli woyenera kale ntchitoyi ukukula kale pa chiwembu chozungulira. Malo abwino kwambiri odzola mungu "Napoleon wakuda" ndi: "Valeriy Chkalov", "Cassini oyambirira", "Jabule", "Wonyezimira", "Choyamba".

Nthawi yotulutsa ndi zokolola

Mtengowo umayamba kubereka zipatso Chaka chachinayi chitatha. Ngakhale kuti "Napoleon" imatuluka kumayambiriro (kumapeto kwa March - kumayambiriro kwa April), koma zipatso zimapsa m'chilimwe (poyamba mpaka yachiwiri khumi a June). Choncho, ilo limatanthawuza mitundu yambiri ya cherry). Izi zimakhala bwino, chifukwa Napoleon's cherries yakucha nthawi imene mitundu ina yasunthira kale. Napoleoni ali ndi zokolola zambiri: mtengo umodzi ukhoza kubala makilogalamu 20-50 a zipatso pa nyengo.

Mukudziwa? Cherries wakale Roma ankatchedwa mbalame yamatcheri. Mwina chifukwa sichikondedwa ndi anthu, koma ndi mbalame. Ndipo mwinamwake chifukwa, malingana ndi nthano, yamatcheri anawonekera ku Ulaya molondola chifukwa cha mbalame zomwe zinabweretsa miyala yamatumbu kumeneko.

Transportability

Kuyenda bwino kumaimira ubwino wa "Napoleon Black" zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha khungu lakuda ndi lakuda khungu, zipatso zimatha kunyamula kutalika. Komabe, samataya mauthenga awo, amasunga mawonekedwe awo ndi kulawa kwawo.

Ubwino wina wa zosiyanasiyana ndi Mtundu wabwino wa kusunga zipatso. Malo ozizira (cellar kapena firiji), yamatcheri akhoza kusungidwa kwa masabata awiri. Pakati pa kutentha kwabwino, amakhalabe atsopano kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo sawonongeke.

Malangizo

Yamatcheri a Black "Napoleon" ndi okoma kwambiri mwatsopano. Zochita zimayamikira kwambiri kukoma kwawo (4.9 mfundo zisanu mwa zisanu). Zipatso zimadyedwa osati mwatsopano.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge zapindulitsa katundu wa yamatcheri ndi kukonzekera zipatso kwa dzinja: woyera chitumbuwa kupanikizana, kupanikizana ndi maenje.

Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana:

• Akuphika. Zipatso zobiriwira sizifewetsa panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha. Choncho, iwo ali okonzeka kuwonjezera, jams, jellies, zipatso zamtundu ndi zamzitini. Zouma ndi mazira.
• Mu zakudya. Low-kalori chitumbuwa zipatso (50 kcal pa 100 g). Amaphatikizapo kudya zakudya zolemera.
• Mu mankhwala owerengeka Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (zatsopano ndi zouma), mapesi, masamba ndi maluwa. Zili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza: zimalimbitsa, zimatsitsimutsa, zimawoneka bwino, zimayambitsa kuyendayenda kwa magazi, njala ndi matumbo, kuyeretsa thupi la cholesterol choipa. Kuchokera kwa iwo kukonzekera infusions ndi decoctions.
• Mu cosmetology. Chifukwa cha mkulu wa antioxidants, chitumbuwa chokoma chimatha kuchepetsa ukalamba. Amapanga maski, zokometsera ndi zodzoladzola zina.

Kusankha malo

Ngati musankha malo abwino kwa yamatcheri ndi kuwasamalira bwino, ndiye kuti ayamika chifukwa chokolola zochuluka kwa zaka zana. Malo osankhidwa ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:

• dzuwa lambili komanso opanda mthunzi (kudziwa kuti chitumbuwa chokoma chinapatsidwa dzina lakuti "mabulosi a dzuwa");
• malo okwera mpweya wabwino, koma atsekedwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu, mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi khoma lakumwera la nyumbayo;
• nthaka iyenera kukhala yowala komanso yachonde, mwachitsanzo, yowonjezera, yomwe imamangidwa ndi humus;
• sipangakhale phokoso la chinyezi, kuyandikana kwa madzi apansi sikofunikira (pafupifupi mamita awiri).

Kukula mtengo wa chitumbuwa ku mwala ndi ntchito yochititsa chidwi yomwe ingathandize ndi ana panyumba.

Malamulo obwera

Cherries yofesedwa kasupe ndi yophukira. Dziko lapansi panthawi ino ndi lofewa komanso lofewa, choncho mbeu zimakhala zosavuta kumera. Nthawi iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake.

• Wotentha m'dzinja yabwino yoyenera kubzala. Asanayambe nyengo yozizira, muzu uli ndi nthawi yopita mozama ndikukula. Ndipo ndi isanayambike kasupe, mbewu imayamba kukula ndi kukula mwamphamvu. Koma m'mikhalidwe yoyambirira yozizira ndi chisanu, mtengo ukhoza kufungatira.
• Tikuyamba molawirira kumapeto popanda chiopsezo chozizira. Koma muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yochita izi pamaso pa kutupa kwa impso. Mtengo, womwe udabzalidwa pambuyo pake, udzapweteka ndipo sudzatha.

Malo a nkhuni ndi ofunika kukonzekera pasadakhale. Ngati chodzala chikukonzekera kumapeto, nthaka ikhoza kukonzekera kugwa. Pakulima, ntchito yokonzekera iyenera kuchitika masabata awiri. Zikuphatikizapo: kuyeretsa namsongole ndi zinyalala, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza organic (2 zidebe za humus pa hole) ndikukumba malo a mtsogolo.

Kubzala ndi motere:

1. Pa malo okonzedweratu, dzenje limakumbidwa, 70-80 masentimita akuya ndipo pafupifupi 1 mamita awiri. Pangakhale malo okwanira kuti muzuwo ukhalepo.
2. Ngati nyembayi idali m'dothi laling'ono, ndiye kuti iyenera kuchotsedwa mosamalitsa ndikuyikidwa pamodzi ndi dothi la pansi. Ngati mizu yayamba, ndiye pansi pa dzenje muyenera kupanga phulusa la nthaka, yomwe muyenera kugawira mizu.
3. Palibe chofunika chodzala mtengo kwambiri. Msolo wake wa basal uyenera kuchoka pansi ndi pafupifupi masentimita asanu.
4. Dzenje ladzaza ndi nthaka yokhala ndi umuna. Mukhoza kupanga mphukira zadothi m'mphepete mwa dzenje kuti mupeze madzi amvula.
5. Muyenera kutsanulira madzi ambiri.

Mitengo ya Cherry imakula yaikulu. Choncho, mutabzala mbande zingapo, mtunda wa pakati pa maenje uyenera kukhala osachepera 3-4 mamita.

Video: kubzala chitumbuwa chokoma

Momwe mungasamalire

Ngakhalenso chitumbuwa chafesedwa panthawi yake, ndipo m'nthaka yabwino, imayenera kuwonjezeredwa. Iyenera kuthiriridwa, kudyetsedwa ndi kupangidwe nthawi zonse.

Kuthirira

Kuthirira mbewu ndi kofunika kwambiri, koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala pofuna kupewa overmoistening. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira kumadalira gawo la kukula kwa mtengo ndi nyengo.

Ndikofunika kumwa madzi a chitumbuwa chokoma:

• Mu Meyi, mutatha maluwa: chinyezi n'chofunika kuti chitukuko chipangidwe;
• kumapeto kwa June, pamene zipatso zimatsanuliridwa: izi zimathandiza zipatso kuti zikhale zokoma ndi zokongola;
• Mu nthawi youma: m'pofunika kudzaza zambiri, ndikudzaza dziko lonse lapansi;
• m'dzinja, chisanu chisanafike: chinyezi chimafunika kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yabwino.

Kuthirira n'kofunika masabata awiri kapena atatu, komanso nthawi ya chilala (sabata iliyonse).

Ndikofunikira! Sikoyenera kuthirira madzi a chitumbuwa panthawi ya maluwa, mwinamwake ovary idzaphwa, ndipo nthawi yakucha ya zipatso, kuti asaswe..

Kudyetsa

Kuti chitukuko cha mtengo chikhale chokwanira komanso chokwanira fruiting, m'pofunika kudyetsa chomera nthawi zonse ndi zonse zamchere ndi mchere feteleza. Zomwe zimadyetsa zikuwoneka ngati izi:

• Mankhwala (humus kapena manyowa omwe amavunda nkhuku) amayamba pomukumba dothi lozungulira mtengo zaka 2-3;
• Manyowa kapena kompositi akhoza kukhala mulched pristvolny dongo: panthawi ya kuthirira mizu ndi madzi ndi kulandira feteleza chamchere;
• mineral feteleza ndi nayitrogeni wokhutira (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate) amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga madzi mu masika (May) ndi chilimwe (June);
• phosphate ndi fetashi feteleza (buckwheat phulusa, superphosphate, potashi mchere) kudyetsa mtengo mu autumn (September): iwo amapereka mphamvu kuti apambane overwintering ndi kuthandiza kasupe popanga masamba.

Ndikofunikira! Sizingatheke kudyetsa feteleza (manyowa) abwino: akhoza kuvulaza, kuyaka mizu, ndipo siidzakhala yothandiza, ngati idzawonongeka pansi nthawi yaitali.

Kusamalira bwalo

Musamanyalanyaze kufunikira kosamalirako mzere wozungulira. Ndikofunika kuti thanzi lonse likhale labwino.

• Nthawi iliyonse pambuyo kuthirira muyenera kumasula nthaka kuti mutsegule mizu, mpweya ndi chinyezi.
• Udzu wamsongo uyenera kuwonongeka monga "umba" michere ndipo umalepheretsa kukula kwa mtengo wachinyamata.
• Kukulumikiza pansi pamtengowu kumakuthandizani kuti musunge chinyezi ndipo simukulola namsongole kukula. Alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito mulch ngati mulch. kompositi. Ena amamanga mipando kuzungulira mtengowo pofuna cholinga chomwecho.

Phunzirani momwe mungapangire manyowa ndi manja anu: mu matumba, mu kompositi.

Kupanga korona ndi korona

Mitengo ya Cherry imakula mwamphamvu, makamaka m'mayambiriro. Choncho, amafunikira kuthetsedwa chaka chilichonse. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, maluwa asanayambe, kapena kugwa.

Kukonza kumachitika m'njira zitatu:

1. Kufupikitsa nthambi zapachaka zapachaka ndi chimodzi mwachisanu: zomwe zimachitika zaka za kukula mtengo usanabale chipatso.
2. Kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zosalima (mkati mwa korona). Chifukwa cha ichi, korona yabwino imaikidwa, chifukwa nthambi iliyonse imakhala yosavuta kufika.
3. Kudulira koyera kwa zouma, mazira ndi osweka nthambi.

Ŵerenganiponso za zofunikira za kudulira mitengo, komanso zinsinsi za kudulira mitengo yokalamba.

Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, m'pofunikanso kusamalira zigawozo ndi choyikapo: munda wamaluwa, utoto kapena varnish. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuchiritsa mwamsanga ndipo zidzakuthandizani kupewa matenda.

Chitetezo ku chimfine ndi makoswe

Tsabola yamtengo wapatali "Napoleon" imakhala yozizira kwambiri. Koma ngati owonetsa nyengo akulosera chisanu chopanda chipale chofewa ndi chisanu chochuluka, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kulakwitsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zofunikira, mutha kuteteza mtengowo kuzizira ndi makoswe aakulu.

Izi ndi monga:

• khungu la laimu, lomwe limateteza thunthu ku hypothermia pamene kusintha kwadzidzidzi kumatentha m'nyengo yozizira, komanso ku mphutsi za tizilombo zomwe zimatsalira mu khungwa;
• Kukulunga kwa thunthu lokhala ndi insulators osiyanasiyana (pogwiritsa ntchito denga, kumva nsalu, nthambi za coniferous) zimateteza chitetezo ndi makoswe;
• Kuphatikizana ndi nthambi ndi pogona ndi chisanu chachisanu chidzasangalatsa mizu;
• kusungunula kwa korona wa mbande zazing'ono: nthambi, zotsinjika motsutsana ndi thunthu, sizimangidwe ndi kuphimba.

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Maluso mitundu "Napoleon" yakuda:

• chokolola chachikulu;
• bwino;
• zipatso za universal ntchito;
• bwino transportability ndi kusunga khalidwe la zipatso;
• samadwala kawirikawiri;
• mpweya wabwino wa chisanu.

Kuipa pang'ono pokha:

• kufunafuna malo ndi nthaka;
• kufunika kwa odzola mungu.

Monga mukuonera, chitumbuwachi chili ndi ubwino wambiri kusiyana ndi ubwino. Ndipo ngakhale kuti wakuda "Napoleon" wakalamba kale, sikunsika kwa mitundu yatsopano, ndipo imaposa ena.