Kufotokozera ndi kulima phwetekere "Chikondi cha Dziko lapansi" kuti mutsegule

Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuyambitsa wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa kuti azisankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zikanakhala ndi zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri - zokolola zambiri, matenda osakaniza komanso kudzichepetsa kwa nyengo. M'nkhani ino, tikambirana za mitundu ya phwetekere ndi chikondi cha padziko lapansi. Zizindikiro za mitundu yosiyana, zizindikiro za zokolola, komanso zenizeni za kulima - mwatsatanetsatane mu nkhaniyi.

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Mitunduyi ndi ya mitundu ya zomera za shtambovy - gulu laling'ono ndi lamphamvu la tomato la banja la Solanaceae. Maonekedwe a zomera zoterezi ndi ophatikizidwa: mizu yopanda chitukuko, kusowa kwa nthambi zazikulu zowonongeka, msinkhu komanso kukhalapo kwa zipatso zazikulu.

Chikondi cha padziko lapansi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere yomwe imabala zipatso ndi masiku 95 kuchokera nthawi yobzala.

Zinyama zili ndi makhalidwe oterewa:

• Zipatso - zazikulu, zowutsa mudyo, zowonjezera mdima wofiira, wopanda mtundu wobiriwira, mawonekedwe ozungulira, amakhala ndi minofu yambiri yokhala ndi zosangalatsa, pang'ono zokoma;
• chomera - mpaka 120 masentimita wamtali, wochuluka, chophatikizana, alibe lalikulu kufalitsa nthambi;
• tsamba - usinkhu wausinkhu, mdima, wovuta;
• otsika, otsika, nthambi;
• inflorescence - yophweka, ndi mzere wofupikitsa.

Onani mafotokozedwe ndi maonekedwe a tomato zosiyanasiyana monga "Little Red Riding Hood", "Riddle", "Masha F1 Doll", "Gina", "Aphrodite f1", "Labrador", "Samara", "Bokele F1", "Kiss Geraniums, Lyubasha, Kaspar, Mfumu ya Oyambirira, Alsou, Skorospelka, Aelita Sanka, Amayi Amayi, Bokele, Ladies 'Fingers.

Zokongola za zosiyanasiyanazi ndizo:

• kudzichepetsa;
• bwino;
• mapangidwe oyambirira ndi kucha kwa zipatso;
• kukana kutentha kutentha;
• Zipatso zazikulu zowonongeka kapena salting m'nyengo yozizira;
• bwino;
• ofulumira komanso ochezeka.

Koma kuipa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana Yopatsa Chikondi imaphatikizapo zokolola zochepa - mpaka 6 kg kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi. Choncho, kulima kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana sikofunika pa mafakitale ambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, zolakwika za phwetekere ndi:

• Kupukuta, kufooka kwa tsinde ndi kusowa kwa kumangiriza;
• kufunika kwa kudyetsa koonjezera pa nyengo yokolola;
• osati yoyenera kulima kunja.

Ngakhale kukhalapo kwa zofooka zoterozo komanso kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana idawoneka posachedwa (yomwe idalimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri achi Russia mu 2009), ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Lero likukula mu greenhouses osati ku Russia, komanso ku Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova ndi mbali za Western Europe.

Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino mitundu yabwino ya zokoma, oyambirira, apamwamba-ololera, okukula msanga komanso osagwira mochedwa choipitsa tomato.

Phwetekere chofala choterocho chinali chifukwa cha kuphulika kwake koyambirira - mbali zake zosiyana ndi mikhalidwe yaikulu.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikulimbana ndi ntchito yokolola mwamsanga - panthawiyi mtengo wa masamba pamsika ndi wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo izi zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndi kukwirira kwake, ndi mpikisano.

Mukudziwa? Zipatso za phwetekere, monga momwe zomera zimayendera, zimakhala ndi zipatso za mitala. Chifukwa chakuti mu Chingerezi mulibe kufanana pakati pa mawu akuti "chipatso" ndi "zipatso", tomato ku America akhala akutchedwa chipatso. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, mamembala apamwamba kwambiri a dzikoli, Supreme Court, adadziwa kuti tomato ndi ndiwo zamasamba, chifukwa sizimatumiziridwa mchere, koma amadya chakudya chamasana (ngakhale kuti adatsindika kuti mu tomato ya botany amaonedwa ngati zipatso): kuyambira nthawi imeneyo miyambo ntchito ya tomato inayamba kuimbidwa ngati masamba, osati zipatso.

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

Kuthamasitsa mwamsanga kwa zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana Chikondi cha Dziko lapansi n'zotheka kokha mu nyengo yotentha, ndipo pamalo otseguka - kokha kumwera madera (Crimea, Caucasus, etc.). M'mayiko okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, kulima kuli kotheka kokha m'mafilimu obiriwira mafilimu.

M'munsimu muli zofunikira zomwe muyenera kudziwa pamene mukukula phwetekere iyi:

• zokolola: ngakhale mosamala kwambiri, kokha mpaka 6-7 makilogalamu;
• Nthawi yakucha: patatha masiku 95-100 kuchokera tsiku lochoka;
• kukula kwa zipatso: mpaka pakati pa 250 g, mpaka masentimita 6 m'mimba mwake, zipatso zonse, monga lamulo, mawonekedwe omwewo ndi kukula kwake - izi zimawonjezera kutchuka pakati pa mitundu ina ya tomato;
• Transportability: Chipatso chabwino, chokoma sichikutha, chili ndi khungu lofiirira lomwe silikusiya mano ndi kupanikizika pang'ono;
• Njira yogwiritsira ntchito: yoyenera kukolola m'nyengo yozizira, pamene salting, kukopera ndi kusinthanitsa chipatso sichitha, kumayika bwino bwino, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwatsopano saladi, stews ndi casseroles.

Ngakhale kuli koyambirira koyamba, tomato amatha kuyamwa zinthu zothandiza kwambiri: mankhwala omwe amapezeka pa phwetekere amakhala ndi mavitamini a magulu B, D, C, macronutrients (calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus), kufufuza zinthu (manganese, molybdenum, chitsulo, ayodini), shuga ndi wowuma.

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, muyenera kusamala mosankhidwa bwino mbeu: pafupifupi 70% ya chipatso chokula chimadalira momwe mbeu zimakhalire zabwino.

Chimene muyenera kudziwa posankha ndi kugula mbande za zosiyanasiyana:

1. Nthawi yogula - mpaka pakati pa May. Pambuyo pake, maluwa ndi mazira a mimba amaonekera pa mbande - panthawiyi sangathe kubzalidwa.
2. Kumbukirani: mbande ndi maluwa, ndi zina zambiri ndi ovary, sizoyenera kubwezeretsanso. Ngati pazifukwa zina muyenera kugula mbande ndi maluwa, muyenera kuchotsa maluwa musanadzalemo m'nthaka.
3. Mbewu ya mmera - mpaka masiku 30.
4. Tsinde liyenera kukhala lamphamvu komanso lokhazikika (osachepera penipeni). Masamba sayenera kuwonongeka, yunifolomu ndi yodzazidwa ndi mtundu, mizu - bwino anapanga, popanda kuwonongeka ndi kuvunda, koma osati wandiweyani.
5. Mbewu yabwino Chikondi Dziko - ndi mbuto yaing'ono (mpaka 10 cm) yomwe ili ndi tsinde lamphamvu, masamba 5-8 komanso opanda ovary.

Onetsetsani mosamala mbeuyo mutagula: ngati pali nkhungu pa mizu, zowola, zowonongeka - mmerawu sungagule. Musaiwale kuyang'ana mmera chifukwa cha mazira a tizirombo: Ngati tsamba ndi lopunduka, lopunduka, lakuda, ndipo pali mdima pa tsinde, ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha kukhalapo kwa matenda opatsirana mu chomera.

Ngati mwawona chizindikiro chilichonse cha nthendayi, ndi bwino kuti musatenge mbande zina kuchokera kwa wogulitsa: mwinamwake, mbeu zina zonse zidzatengedwanso.

Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zina amalimi amagwiritsira ntchito feteleza ochulukitsa mbeu kuti amere mbewu - izi zimakuthandizani kufulumira kukula kwa mbande ndi kupambana mpikisano pamsika. Komabe, kutsekemera kwa mbeuyo ndi mankhwala omwe kumakhudza kwambiri kukoma ndi mankhwala opangidwa m'tsogolo. Samalani: masamba owoneka ofiira a mbande omwe amakoka ndi zizindikiro za feteleza zotere ndi nitrojeni.

Kuti mukhale ndi chidaliro chonse mu ubwino wa mbande, ndibwino kuti mukule bwino nokha. Muzochitika zina zonse, gulani mbande zokha kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika amene angapereke zambiri pa mafunso anu onse.

Kumbukirani: mbande ndi katundu waufupi, choncho wogulitsa amakhala ndi chidwi chowagulitsa mwamsanga. Samalani posankha chomera, musazengereze kufufuza bwinobwino mbande ndikufunsa mafunso osiyana siyana, nthawi yobzala, mkhalidwe umene mbeu zimakula, ndi zina zotero.

Mavuto akukula

Monga tanena kale, izi zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kulima, makamaka mu greenhouses.

Kwa phwetekere, zinthu izi zikufunika:

1. Kutentha Ntchito yabwino yokula mofulumira ikhale mkati mwa 18-20 ° C. Kumbukirani kuti pa tsiku lotentha, kutentha kwa filimu yotentha kumafilimu ndi 12-15 madigiri kuposa kuposa, ndi mitambo - 4-7 madigiri. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuganizira pamene mukukula tomato: kutenthedwa kwakukulu kumangowonongeka monga chisanu, motero nthawi yotentha ndifunika kutsekemera wowonjezera kutulutsa filimuyo. Chophimba cha filimu ya polyethylene chimadziwika ndi kuperewera kwa kutentha kwa dzuwa, kotero usiku kumalo obiriwira pali kuchepa kwakukulu mu kutentha - usiku usiku kusiyana ndi ziwerengero mumsewu sizoposa madigiri 2. Choncho, pamadera otentha kwambiri, wowonjezera kutentha amawonjezeredwa ndi burlap, nsalu, kapena wandiweyani pepala.
2. Chinyezi Ayenera kukhala 50-60%. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mpaka 80-85% kungawononge chomera: kuuluka nthawi zonse kudzachotsa ngozi yotereyi.
3. Kuthirira Ziyenera kukhala nthawi zonse, koma osati zambiri. Kuchokera nthawi yomwe kuthirira kutentha sikungayambe kwa maola 16-18 - pakali pano madzi akumwa amayamba.Izi zimachitika makamaka kutentha kunja: pambuyo kuthirira, mawonekedwe a condensate pa filimuyi ngati mawonekedwe a madzi ochepa thupi, omwe amachepetsa kutentha kutentha. Pambuyo pa maola 20-24 kuchokera nthawi yokhetsa madzi, wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kuwonetsedwa.
4. Kuwunika. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yotentha kwambiri, moteronso mitambo (makamaka ngati dzuŵa limabisika kumbuyo kwa mitambo kwa masiku oposa limodzi), ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuunikira.
5. Nthaka The mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa phwetekere ndi lotayirira, ndi zambiri humus, sing'anga acidity ndi osakaniza (ndi Kuwonjezera mchenga ndi perlite).

   Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za nthaka zomwe zilipo, momwe mungakulitsire chonde, momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity pa nthaka pamalowa, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.

   Kumbukirani: mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthaka imakhala "yoperewera" ndipo "imakalamba", kotero kuti dothi lopanda pamwamba, ngati kuli kofunika, liyenera kusinthidwa ndi latsopano.
6. Kudyetsa. Potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi nayitrojeni ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe phwetekere zimafunika kwambiri panthawi yokolola. Popanda zinthu izi, mizu sidzakula bwino, ndipo zomera zokhazokhala ndi njala ya phosphorous (maonekedwe ofiira-wofiira pamasamba). Chakudya choonjezerapo choyamba chimapangidwa pa malo odzala, lotsatira - masiku 30 mutabzala (ngati nthaka yapamwamba mu wowonjezera kutentha siidasinthidwe).

Kumbukirani kuti umuna sizimakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana. Nthawi zina kukula kwa mbewu kumakula, nthawi zina maluwa ndi maonekedwe a ovary akufulumira. Komabe, zosiyanazi zimasowa zochepetsetsa ziwiri zomwe zimapangidwira panthawi ya kukula: zimadyetsa phwetekere ndi mchere wofunikira komanso zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala

Konzekerani mbeu za kubzala pasadakhale - kumapeto kwa February. Kukonzekera kwa mbewu mwachindunji kuli ndi njira zotsatirazi:

1. Kukana. Zokolola zabwino zimachokera ku zikuluzikulu, tirigu wolemera kwambiri, mbewu zochepa komanso zochepa sizikuyenera kuti zibzala. Posiyanitsa mbewu zolemetsa m'mapapu, njira yotsatiridwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito: mbeu zimalowa mu sodium chloride yankho - olemererawo amakhala pansi, pamene mapapo akuyandama.

   Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "phwetekere" limachokera ku Italy - likutanthauziridwa kuti "apulo la golidi". Koma "tomato" - dzina la Aztec la zomera. Masiku ano, maina onsewa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza masamba onse pamodzi ndi zipatso zake.
2. Kutentha Ngati mbeuyi idasungidwa mu chipinda chozizira kapena chakuda, njirayi iyenera kuchitika. Mbewu imayikidwa mu matumba ang'onoang'ono a nsalu ndipo imatenthetsa mmwamba kapena pansi pa nyali zotentha zotentha kapena pa bateri kwa masiku 2-3.
3. Disinfection. Kuletsa kutuluka ndi kukula kwa matenda ambiri. Njira yowonjezereka ndiyo kugwira mbewu kwa mphindi 20-25 mu potsimikiza (1%) ya potassium permanganate.
4. Processing. Poonjezera zokololazo, mbewu zimayambitsidwa kwa maola makumi awiri ndi awiri (24) mu njira yothirira musanayambe kubzala. Zingakhale ngati mankhwala ochizira (madzi aloe, mbatata, etc.), ndi kukonzekera kwakapadera ("Epin", sodium humate, etc.).
5. Lembani. Mbewu imayikidwa mu nsalu ya gauze, yokutidwa ndi kutenthedwa kukhala otentha (osachepera + 25 ° C) madzi. Ndondomeko yokhayo sikhala maola oposa 12, pomwe madziwo akutha kuti asinthidwe.
6. Kulemetsa Pofuna kukonza chitetezo chamthupi komanso kuchepetsa matenda, matendawa amafunika kuumitsa. Izi zimachitika pozizira pazigawo zosiyanasiyana: poyamba, kwa maola 12, mbeu za mpendadzuwa zimayikidwa mufiriji, kenako zimatentha kwa maola 12 pa 20 ° C. Kuti mukhale wopsa mtima, ndondomekoyo iyenera kubwerezedwa 2-3 nthawi.

Sikoyenera kuchita zonse zomwe tatchula pamwambapa, komabe ngati mutachita zinthu 2-3 kuchokera mndandandawu, zokolola ndi chitetezo cha mbeu zidzawonjezeka kwambiri.

Njira yamakono yobzala mbewu yokonzedwa ndi iyi:

1. Kukonzekera kwa dothi. Thirani dothi lonyowa muzing'onozing'ono makapu, makompyuta komanso pang'ono manyowa ndi kukula kulikonse (1 g ya mankhwala pa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda). Kenaka mkatikati mwa nthaka nthaka ziwiri zimapangidwa, mu mbeu iliyonse ya tomato imayikidwa. Pamwamba pa nyembazo muli ndi dothi lonyowa (pamwamba pake silingakhale oposa 1 masentimita wandiweyani).
2. Kukula. Miphika yomwe imakhala ndi mbewu zimayikidwa pamalo otentha (osachepera +25 ° C). Kuchokera pamwamba pazitsulo ziyenera kuti zikhale ndi filimu - mini-wowonjezera kutentha imalengedwa. Panthawi imeneyi, musanayambe mphukira, muyenera kuyang'ana nthaka chinyezi ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi mupopera nthaka. Pambuyo pa mphukira yoyamba (pambuyo pa masiku 6-7), filimuyo imachotsedwa - tsopano mbewu zimakula ndikukula kufikira zitakonzedwa kuti zikhale zowonjezera kutentha (patatha masiku 14 kuchokera pamene mphukirazo zikumera).

Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi ndizo zigawo zikuluzikulu za ovary bwino ndi mapangidwe a zipatso. Pamene kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu kapena kochepa, mbande zidzafa, ndipo ngati chinyezi chikukwera kwambiri, ovary sungakhoze kupanga: mungu wa duwa umakhala wolimba kwambiri ndipo sagwera pa pistil - chifukwa chake, maluwa akugwa, ndipo chipatso sichiri chomangirizidwa.

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira

Mbewu zitakula, zimakula ndikuziika m'kati mwake, ndi nthawi yowonjezeramo:

1. Kusamalira mbande. M'masiku oyambirira 18-20 kuchokera nthawi yoyamba pansi, mphukira imakula pang'onopang'ono - ino ndi nthawi yoyamba nyambo. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, monga "green tea". Zimapangidwa mosavuta: madzi okwanira 50 l muyenera kutenga udzu wodulidwa bwino (4) makilogalamu 4-5, komanso kuwonjezera phulusa ndi madzi oundana - pa chitsamba chilichonse muyenera kutsanulira pafupifupi 1.5 l wa "tiyi".

   Video: kusamalira mbatata mbande

2. Kutsegula nthaka. Dothi losakanizika ndi dothi ndi mdani wamkulu wa mbande: nthaka yamtundu uwu siidutsa mpweya ndi madzi ku mizu yoipa. Kamodzi pa sabata, nthaka yozungulira mbande iyenera kumasulidwa: chitani mosamala kuti musawononge mizu.
3. Kuthirira Madzi a ulimi wothirira ayenera kukhala ofunda kapena kutentha pang'ono (osachepera +18 ° C). Ndibwino kuthirira mafinya aang'ono mwachindunji pansi pazu kuti asatayike masamba. Nthawi zambiri ulimi wothirira umadalira nyengo ndi kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, koma pafupipafupi zimapangidwa masiku 4-5 (musaiwale za mpweya wabwino - wotchulidwa mwatsatanetsatane).
4. Kutentha Pambuyo pa kutentha kwa mpweya pamsewu mumakhala mosasunthika komanso mosasunthika kufika kufika pa 20 ° C, masana mutha kuchotsa filimuyo mu wowonjezera kutentha - kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi mphepo yotentha ndizozikhala bwino kwambiri pa kukula kwa tchire. Kumbukirani kuti kutentha sikufunika kutentha kwa izi zosiyanasiyana, choncho kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa mkati mwa 15-25 ° C.
5. Masking Njirayi ndi kuchotseratu mapulaneti ena (mphukira ya tsinde), yomwe imatenga zakudya kuchokera ku zomera.

   Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungaperekere tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutseguka pansi.

   Ndondomekoyi imachitidwa kuti muwonjezere kukula kwa chipatso, kupukuta mabedi ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a fungal. Kuonongeka kwachitika pambuyo poyambira yoyamba, yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yamphamvu. Ana onse opeza omwe amapangidwa pansi pa waukuluwo ayenera kuchotsedwa. Scions akhoza kudula kapena kudula dzanja - pamapeto pake, masitepe ayenera kuthyoledwa kumbali. Ndikofunika kuti muzichita ndondomeko iliyonse masiku khumi ndi awiri. Ndi bwino kutsekemera pa dzuwa - popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi bwino kufumbila malo owonongeka ndi phulusa (izi zidzateteza kuvunda ndi matenda).
6. Garter. Chifukwa chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana Dziko lapansi ndi lalikulu komanso lolemera, phwetekere limafuna garter.

   Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa kuti muwerenge momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito tomato pamatope komanso kutentha kwa polycarbonate.

   Kawirikawiri zingwe zimayendetsedwa pambuyo pa maonekedwe a zipatso zoyamba - ndondomeko imathetsa kuthekera kwa kuvunda ndi chipatso cha chipatso chogona pansi. Kuti mumange zingwe, zingwe zamatabwa ndi nsalu zophimba.

   Video: garter ndi paschkovanie phwetekere Важно использовать мягкую ткань, которая не повредила бы нежный и хрупкий стебель томата. Chofunika kwambiri cha ndondomekoyi ndi yosavuta: mothandizidwa ndi minofu, tsinde la mbewu limangiriridwa ku khola la nkhuni - izi zimapereka chithandizo china, ndipo chitsamba chaching'ono sichidzagwedezeka ndi kupumula pansi pa kulemera kwa zipatso.

Zigawo zonsezi ndizo mfundo zazikulu zothandiza kusamalira phwetekere, koma zofunikira ndiziteteza komanso kuteteza matenda.

Matenda ndi kupewa tizilombo

Mwatsoka, tomato ndi mtundu wa ndiwo zowonongeka ndi matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo. Pansipa timaganizira mitundu yowonjezera ya mtundu wa greenhouse matenda ndi njira zomwe tingachitire nawo.

1. Mosaic. Kusintha kwa masamba, kusintha mtundu wawo, kufota kwa mbewu yokha ndi kukwinya kwa chipatso ndicho zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa. Zokolola zochepa ndizo khalidwe. Pofuna kuthetseratu kachilomboko, mwatsoka, chomerachi chimangotentha. Koma kupewa matenda oterewa akungoyambira mbeu asanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito yankho la manganese, komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mkaka. Chinsinsi chake ndi ichi: kwa malita 10 a madzi, kuwonjezera 1 l mkaka ndi 1 tsp. urea. Sprayed amatanthauza mbande zimayenera masiku 3-4.
2. Kuwonongeka kochedwa. Bowa limene limakhudza zomera zonse: Masamba amatembenukira wakuda, mawanga pa tsinde ndi zipatso zimawonekera, ndipo podayiti imayambira. Ngati chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi zowonekera, zimaoneka kuti zonsezi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicidal agent. Mankhwala monga "Ridomil Gold", "Acrobat", "Thanos" adzipereka okha. Monga mankhwala ochiritsira, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la mchere - kutaya 10 g mchere mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Izi zikutanthawuza kupopera mbewu yonse masiku awiri, mpaka zizindikiro za matendazo zithetsedwa.
3. Leaf mold. Zimakhudza tsamba la phwetekere - mabala a bulauni amaonekera pa tsamba, nthawizina ndi imvi (nthawi zambiri mawanga amapangidwa pamunsi mwa tsamba). Pamene matendawa akufalikira, masamba akugwa ndipo mbewu imamwalira. Chifukwa chachikulu cha mawonekedwe a nkhungu ndi nthaka yowonongeka - izi zimatsimikiziranso kufunikira kwa kuthamanga kwa wowonjezera kutentha. Njira yothetsera matendawa ndi yankho la mkuwa oxychloride (35 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Izi zikutanthauza kuti chomeracho chimapulitsidwa masiku awiri. Njira ina ndikutengera gawo la pamwamba pa nthaka ndi latsopano - izi zidzafulumizitsa katatu.
4. Msolo wakuda. Kwenikweni, zimakhudza mbande zazing'ono za phwetekere - mizu ya zomera imatembenuka wakuda ndi youma. Kuti chithandizo ndi kuteteza mbande ayenera kutsuka njira yothetsera calcium nitrate ndi osakaniza a anyezi pepala motere: 2 g wa saltpeter, 100 g wa decoction pa 10 malita a madzi.

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda owopsa ndi tizirombo ta tomato.

Pakati pa tizilombo timene timayambitsa tomato, zazikulu ndi izi:

1. Whitefly. Tizilombo tochepa, mpaka 3 masentimita, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chizindikiro chowonongeka ndi kupezeka kwa sera pamwamba pa pepala. Whitefly sikuti imadyetsa madzi a phwetekere, imawononga mbewu, komanso imafalitsa matenda a tizilombo. Polimbana ndi whitefly, zonsezi zimatsimikiziridwa (Pegasus, Konfidor, etc.) ndi mankhwala enaake - makamaka garlic tincture (100 g wa adyo wothira madzi okwanira 1 lita imodzi).
2. Chipatala cha Colorado. Ambiri mwa tizilombo ta tomato. Amawononga mbewu mwa kudya masamba, mapesi komanso zipatso za mbewu. Chizindikiro cha Colorado mbatata kachilomboka kamasinthika pafupifupi pafupifupi mankhwala onse - kotero, kulimbana ndifuna kumavuta.

   Phunzirani momwe mungagwirire ndi njira ya mbatata ya Colorado mbatata.

   Imodzi mwa njirayi, kuphatikizapo ziphuphu zam'mimba ndi ziphe, ndi kubereketsa mbalame za mbalame - mbalamezi zimadya mozizwitsa tizilombo tambirimbiri, ndipo ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimatha kudula zida zolimba za kachilomboka. Pofuna kupewa kutulukira kwa mbatata ya Colorado mbatata kumathandizira kubzala pakati pa mizere ya mitengo ya adyo, marigold ndi marigold.
3. Medvedka. Matenda a mbatata ndi tomato amawononga osati mphukira, mapesi ndi zipatso, komanso amangobzala mbewu. Polimbana ndi Medvedka, zipolopolo za dzira, zotsekemera mafuta a mpendadzuwa, zimayambira pansi - "zokoma" zoterezi zimayipitsa chimbalangondo.
4. Sare slugs. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati nkhono popanda chigoba ndipo imatsogolera makamaka usiku. Zimakhudza masamba ndi ntchentche, komanso amadya zipatso ndi zimayambira. Njira yabwino yolimbana nayo ndiyo kuchepetsa mwayi wawo wopita ku phwetekere: utuchi, tsabola wofiira, singano za spruce ndi mazira omwe amwazikana kuzungulira chomeracho - zotentha kapena zotentha zimapweteka mimba yamatenda ya slugs ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
5. Munda wamaluwa. Njenjete, yomwe imalephera kudya phwetekere, imakhala yofanana ndi mbozi. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumenyana ndi zida zisanayambe zipatso zisanatuluke - mwinamwake zidzakhala zoopsa kudya mbewu. Monga njira yolepheretsa, udzu kuchotsedwa ku chiwembu ndi chithandizo chakuya cha nthaka usanadzalemo mbande zidzakuthandizira.

Zoonadi, tizilombo ta tomato ndi zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo sizingakhale zovuta kulimbana nawo nthawi zonse. Komabe, pofuna kusunga umphumphu wa mbewu ndi zokolola zabwino, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda tiyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri.

Mukudziwa? Dziko la Peru limaonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira a tomato - okhala m'dzikoli anthu a ku Ulaya asanayambe kukula. Ku Ulaya, tomato ankawoneka ngati owopsya kwa nthawi yaitali: iwo ankangokhala ngati zomera zokongola.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Kolola mitundu ya tomato Chikondi cha padziko lapansi chikhoza kupezeka kale masiku 95-100 mutabzala: zipatso zowonjezeka, zokometsera ndi zamphamvu zimapangidwa kuthengo. Kukolola n'kofunika kuti musazengereze: ngati mutapitirira chipatsocho, zidzakhala zofewa, ziyamba kuvunda ndipo sizidzakhala zoyenerera kuyenda ndi kudya.

Mukhoza kuthyola zipatso zobiriwira: kucha kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kudzachitika mwezi umodzi. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yakucha kucha, tomato amadulidwa, monga lamulo, yophika mokwanira: mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, tomato wothira zipatso zosiyanasiyana zimanyamula bwino, osasokoneza ndipo sizowola. Zipatso zosonkhanitsa ziyenera kusungidwa kutentha kosapitirira 14-16 ° С pamalo abwino podutsa mpweya wabwino (ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mbeu yokolola imatha kupeza mpweya kuti tomato asawononge). Musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse mukolole zokolola: ngati zowola zikuwoneka pa zipatso zilizonse, zidzakula mwamsanga kwa ena.

Zidzakhala bwino kuti muwerenge m'mene mungasunge tomato komanso malo osungirako tomato m'firiji.

Kumbukirani kuti tomato amasungidwa, amayamba kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Alimi ena amachita tomato wofiira mu mafiriji: izi zimakuthandizani kusunga mbeu yochulukirapo, koma zimachepetsa kukoma kwake.

Tinayang'ana ndondomeko zazikulu za kulima, chisamaliro ndi chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo ta tomato oyambirira kucha kucha. Mbeu yosankhika kwambiri, kutsatira malamulo a kubzala, kumamatira ku nyengo yabwino ya kutentha, chinyezi, kuunikira ndi nthawi yodyetsa zimathekanso kukula zipatso zokoma zomwe zimakondweretsa wamaluwa ndi zokolola zambiri kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.