Nkhuku ndi nkhuku yotchuka kwambiri yomwe anthu akhala akuswana kwa zaka zambiri. Zingamveke kuti timadziwa zonse zokhudzana ndi iye, ndipo palibe chinthu china chotidabwitsa ndi mbalameyi. Koma mawu awa sakugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mtundu wa Grunleger, umene sukhala ndi mazira ophweka, koma amitundu.
Tsatanetsatane wamabambo
Gwero la Grunleger ndi Austria. M'dziko lomwelo lamapiri, mtanda uwu unali wofala kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kuonekera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame ndi zaulimi, mtunduwo unayamba kusangalala ku Ulaya, ndipo pokhapo anaonekera pamsika wa ku Russia.
Mukudziwa? Ku Russia anabala Grunleger wotchedwa "Nkhuku ya Isitala" chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mazira.Grunleger amatanthauza nkhuku za nkhuku. Kwenikweni, mtandawu umachokera pakudutsa mazira a mtundu wa Araucan ndi hybrids. M'badwo woyamba, kuika nkhuku kumapereka mazira a mtundu umodzi: buluu, wobiriwira, pinki, bulauni. Mibadwo yotsatira imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu, ndipo ikhoza kubweretsa mazira a mithunzi yonse yomwe ili mndandanda.
Zizindikiro za kunja
Mtunduwu uli ndi khalidwe lapadera lobweretsa mazira okongola, komanso lili ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mbali ina yodziwika ndi kayendedwe kakang'ono kamene kakuzungulira mutu wa mbalame kumbali zonse.
Oimira bwino mazira a nkhuku ndiwo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuku: Leggorn, Iza Brown, Loman Brown, High Line, Russian White, Chiyukireniya Ushanka, Orlovskaya, Pavlovskaya, Minorka.
Akazi
Makhalidwe a nkhuku:
- kukula kwa thupi - pakati;
- kulemera kwake - 1.8-2.5 makilogalamu;
- mazira - pafupifupi ma PC 300. pachaka.
Iwo amasiyana ndi mtundu wosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku buluu mpaka wakuda pokhala osiyana kwambiri. Nkhuku zimakhala ndi mane ndi zodabwitsa ndevu. Paws ya nkhuku ndizopakati, popanda mafunde.
Mutu waung'ono pa khosi laling'ono umavala korona wochepa. Mtundu wa diso umadalira mtundu wa mbalameyo.
Amuna
Mazira amakhala ndi kukula kwa thupi, kulemera kwa 1.8 mpaka 2.8 makilogalamu. Iwo alibe chidziwitso cha nkhuku - manes ndi ndevu, koma ali ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Grunleghery, komanso mitundu ina ya nkhuku, imakhala ndi kashiamu wambiri - nyumba yaikulu ya eggshell. Ndi chifukwa chake nthengazi, makamaka za mkaka, choko ndi eggshell ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chakudya cha mbalame komanso makamaka zigawo.
Zochita ndi zoipa za mtundu
Zina mwa ubwino wa mtundu wa nkhuku ndi awa:
- Ndi mbalame yokongola yomwe imayenera kukonzera zokongoletsera;
- kukhalapo kwa mazira wamba;
- Kuchita bwino (monga nkhuku zowera);
- Mbalame zimatsutsa mosamalitsa mosamala ndi kudyetsa.
Kuti tipeze zolinga zambiri, tiyenera kutchula zolephera zina:
- mtunduwo umatentha kwambiri;
- Zigawo zilibe chibadwa cha amayi.
Kutha msinkhu komanso kuyambika kwa dzira
Ikani mazira a nkhuku ayambe pafupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ngakhale kuti mtunduwu susiyana ndi oyambirira kusasitsa, Kufulumizitsa kumapindulitsa kwambiri - mazira 290-320 pachaka, wolemera pafupifupi 60 g uliwonse. 
Ntchito yobereka
Nkhuku yaikulu imatha kupanga mazira 280 mpaka 320 pachaka. Monga tanenera kale, mtunduwu umangoyamba kupanga mazira, kuti nyama yambiri yochokera ku mbalame za ku Austria isathe kudikira. Nyama ya nkhuku, mutatha kudula ndi kuchotsa viscera, idzalemera pafupifupi pafupifupi 2 kg. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi 200-300 magalamu ambiri.
Dziwani kuti mavitamini ndi otani kuti aike nkhuku kuonjezera kupanga mazira.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Mitunduyi ilibe zofunikira zina. Akuluakulu samakonda kuzizira, samalola kuzizira ndipo amadwala ngati kutentha kwapansi kumadutsa pansi + 12 ... -15 madigiri. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa ndikuyamba kuganiziridwa pamene kugula nkhuku zobeleta. Mbalame zina zonse ziribe zosowa zapadera.
Mukudziwa? Ku araukan (mbadwa yamakonorünlegger pigment biliverdin inalipo m'thupi, chifukwa mazira a mbalame analandira mtundu wabuluu. Mtundu umenewu udalandilidwa ndi mtanda wa Grunlegger, omwe mazira ake anali nawo kale lonse.
Zida za nyumba
Kulekerera kosalekeza kosautsa mwina ndiko kusowa kofunikira kwambiri mu mtundu. Ngati mwasankha kuyamba kubereka Austria, choyamba mutenthe kutentha makoma ndi pansi pa nkhuku. Pangani zinthu zabwino zokonzekera nyengo yozizira: kugula zipangizo zowonongeka zowonjezera ndi nyali zapadera kuti muwonjeze usana, kuchotsani zojambula zonse. 
Kuunikira mu nyumba ya nkhuku Ikani zida zowonjezera, pamtunda wa masentimita 20 pa munthu pa mbalame. Mtunda wokhala pafupi ndi mapewa ayenera kukhala osachepera 35 masentimita, kutalika kwa khoma - 50 cm.
Dzidziwike ndi zomwe zimasunga nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira.
Zakudya
Malamulo ochepa omwe ayenera kutsogolera zokonza chakudya cha mbalame izi:
- M'pofunika kudyetsa mbalame kawiri pa tsiku (m'mawa ndi madzulo) m'nyengo yozizira (nkhuku zimapeza zakudya zambiri pamene mukuyenda), ndipo katatu patsiku, nthawi yoyenda ikuchepa.
- Ndikofunika kuphika chakudya chamadzi tsiku ndi tsiku, monga momwe mbalame zake zimachitira zabwino. Otsakaniza oterewa amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu zosiyana siyana, mkaka, masamba ndi ma decoctions, omwe ali ndi vitamini ndi mchere wambiri (zowonjezera ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa calcium supplements).
- Asanafike msinkhu, zakudya zophatikiza mapuloteni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuonjezera chakudya ndi 1/10 m'chilimwe.
- Tchizi, karoti, choko, eggshell ndi mafuta a nsomba zidzawathandiza kwambiri komanso zimathandiza kwambiri chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Musaiwale za kusandulika kwa madzi tsiku ndi tsiku (kutsuka miphika bwino, koma popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsekemera).
Kutentha ndi zovuta
Ulamuliro wa kutentha umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa zomwe zili pamtanda. Monga tanena kale, Austria ndi oipa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuzizira. Pachifukwachi, m'nyengo yozizira m'pofunika kusintha nthawi zonse zitsulo kuti ziume nthawi zonse. Mtsitsi wa peat ndi woyenera kuti ukhale ndi bedi kwa a grunlegers.
Monga mukudziwira, nkhuku imangoyenda muwuni (zonse zachilengedwe ndi zopangira). Choncho, ngati mukuyembekeza zokolola zabwino kuchokera kwa nkhuku zanu, perekani nthawi yaitali yokwanira - maola 13.5-15.5.
Ndikofunikira! Mtundu wa mazira a Grünlegger sakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wa nkhuku, monga momwe talingaliridwe kale, koma ndi zina mwazifukwa zina: zakudya, umoyo, nyengo ya chaka, ndi zaka.
Kusakaniza kwa mazira
Mu Grunlegerov amayi omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe cha amayi ali ofooka kwambiri. Ngakhale nkhuku ikakhala pansi kuti ikhetse mazira, sangathe kumaliza ntchitoyi. Choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira nkhuku.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa nkhuku za mtundu uwu ndi chotsatira chochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Chowonadi n'chakuti sikutheka kulingalira mtundu wa anapiye omwe adzabadwire ndipo mazira a mtundu womwe adzawutenge mtsogolomu.
Phunzirani momwe mungakwezere anapiye ndi chofungatira.
Pakhomo lopangira makina, zinyama za m'badwo wachiwiri zimataya makhalidwe awo obadwa nawo. Chifukwa cha izi ndizozimene zimasankhidwa ndi maonekedwe a chibadwa. 
Pofuna kuti mtunduwu usasokonezeke, alimi a nkhuku anabwera ndi njira yowonjezera - pogwiritsa ntchito ntchentche yoyera Araukan chifukwa cha ntchito za abambo ake.
Malamulo akuluakulu a kusankhidwa kwa makina opangira makina, kulowetsa mu makina osungiramo makina, masitepe a makulitsidwe ndi chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu ina.
Kusamalira ana
Pambuyo pa anapiye (tsiku la 22), kuti akule bwino ndikukula mukuyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- Nkhuku zikauma, zimayenera kuziika mu bokosi loyenera, ndipo zimalowa m'chipinda chowotcha kuti chizizira kufika 35 ° C.
- Mpaka nkhuku zitha kufika masiku khumi, zimadyetsedwa ndi masamba, masamba ndi mazira.
- Zakudya zopangidwa ndi mkaka, yisiti, masamba owiritsa, vitamini ndi mineral supplements komanso mafuta a nsomba amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga kuvala pamwamba. Kuyambira pa mwezi umodzi, chakudya chamapuloteni, choko, ndi mazira amawoneka bwino.
- Mpaka nkhuku zisafike zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, zimathiridwa ndi madzi atsopano ndi madzi a shuga ndi kuwonjezera vitamini C.
- Kuchokera masiku oyambirira a moyo ndikofunikira kukhalabe kutentha kwa chipinda, ukhondo ndi kuuma kumene nkhuku zimasungidwa. Pang'onopang'ono, mpweya umachepetsedwa (ndi 3 ° C pa sabata).
Kusamalira mbalame wamkulu
Grunlegery sakonda kutsekedwa. Kwa kachitidwe ka dzira kawirikawiri, kuyika nkhuku kuyenera kuperekedwa ndi kuyenda kochepa, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, ngati nyengo ikuloleza.
Chenjezo liyenera kulipidwa kwa mtundu wotere wa mbalameyi, momwe zingatheke kuchepa kapena kutsirizitsa kuyima kwa dzira-kugona m'dzinja. Makhalidwe amenewa amasonyeza kuyamba kwa nyengo. Nthawi yake imakhala masabata 6-8.
Nthawi imeneyi mu moyo wa mbalame ndi yofunikira kwambiri, zimadalira chikhalidwe chonse ndi thanzi la nkhuku. Mbalame imasintha nthenga zake, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, imafuna thandizo mu izi. Nkhuku panthawi imeneyi imafuna zakudya zosankhidwa bwino. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mbalame yapadera pa nthawi ya molting. Ngati mumakonda kuphika chakudya chanu, ndiye kuti ziyenera kupindulitsa ndi mavitamini ndi minerals onse omwe amapindulitsa nkhuku. 
Mbalame ikafika zaka zitatu, dzira limatuluka mofulumira ndipo nthawi ya zokolola imatha. Kuika mazira kudzaperekedwa, koma muzochepa kwambiri.
Matenda ndi momwe angachitire ndi iwo
Pakuzala ntchito pakubereka mtunduwu, matenda ambiri adzalandidwa. Katemera amateteza mbalame ku matenda ochepa omwe angathe.
Onani matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri nkhuku.
Chowopsya, poyambitsa matenda, ndi zakudya zoperewera kapena zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso kuzizira, zomwe sizikulekerera kwambiri ndi Austria.
Muyeneranso kutsatira ndondomeko zodziwika bwino komanso zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito nkhuku zonse. Ngati chakudya ndi chisamaliro chiri pa mlingo woyenera, mbalame sizichita mantha ndi matendawa.
Ubwino wa mtundu wokongoletsera uwu ndi waukulu kwambiri kusiyana ndi minuses. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi chiyambi, okongola komanso osasamala bwino nkhuku zanu m'munda wanu, kuphatikizapo kupanga mazira osadziwika bwino, ndiye kuti Grünlegers akutsatirani bwino.
