Kuweta nkhuku ndi bizinesi yopindulitsa. Ngakhale mutasunga gulu laling'ono, chifukwa cha zosowa zanu, mudzakhala ndi phindu. Koma ntchito iliyonse m'dzikolo imayendetsedwa ndi malamulo, ndipo kuti musapitirire iwo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira malamulo omwe adakhazikitsidwa mwa iwo.
Lamulo la Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation la 03.04.2006 N 103 "Pogwirizana ndi malamulo owona za ziweto zogwiritsira ntchito mbalame m'minda ya eni eni komanso nkhuku za nkhuku zowonekera"
Lamuloli limakhazikitsa malamulo omwe ayenera kutsatira ndi nzika zomwe zimagwira mbalame pabwalo lawo komanso zinyama kubzala m'minda yayikulu ndi yaing'ono. Ngati alimi a nkhuku samatsatira malamulo awa, adzalangidwa kwambiri, ndipo minda ya nkhuku ikhoza kutsekedwa.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku za nkhuku zinayambira ku India pafupifupi 3000 BC, kuphatikizapo kuweta nkhuku.
Chiwerengero
Malamulo owona za ziweto amakhazikitsidwa kuti aone momwe mbalame zimabzalitsira m'minda yapadera ndi yachinsinsi kuti athetse kufalikira kwa matenda avian.
Zolinga zonse za lamulo ziyenera kuphedwa ndi anthu (eni mbalame) akukhala ku Russia, ndi mabungwe okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame.
Zomwe zimafunikira nkhuku zinyumba
Malinga ndi lamulo la ziweto, aliyense amene ali ndi zinyama ndi kupanga zoweta ayenera kutsatira malamulo a zoohygienic ndi zofukula zanyama, kuyika, kumanga, kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe nyama zimakhala kapena kuzigwiritsira ntchito, kusungidwa, ziweto zimagulitsidwa.
Malo, kumanga, kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe mbalame zimakhala ndi kusudzulana m'bwalo ziyenera kuganizira nthawi izi:
- Nyumba za ziweto ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo pomwe pali madzi okwanira ndi madzi;
- Kukonzekera ndi famu ayenera kukhala wokhala ndi mipanda yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba;
- Ngati kukonzedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame kumakonzedweratu, ndiye kuti nyumba iliyonse iyenera kuperekedwa mu nyumba imodzi kapena zingapo, zomwe mbalame zimatha kulowa mu bwalo la kuyenda;
- bwalo la kuyenda liyenera kukhala lokhalitsa. Iyenera kukhala yokonzedwa kuti mitundu iliyonse ya nthenga ikhale ndi chidutswa chake cha bwalo;
- mkati mwazitsulo zonsezi muzipangidwe ziyenera kukhala zopangidwa mosavuta, zowonongeka ndi zowononga mankhwala;
Phunzirani momwe mungamangire nkhuku nkhuku, nkhuku, nkhwangwa, nkhuku.
- Nyumba za nkhuku zikuyenera kukhala zokhazikika, ndi zotsika kwambiri zamtundu wathanzi, zosagonjetsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito zofunikira za mbalame ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ayeneranso kukwaniritsa miyezo yonse yaukhondo ndiukhondo;
- Nyumba za nkhuku ziyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino;
- Zochita zonse pofuna kupewa matenda a ziweto ayenera kuchitidwa;
- mbalame pabwalo zisakhale pafupi ndi zamoyo zina.
Malamulo oyang'anira zinyama
Malingana ndi lamulo la ziweto, m'nyumba zomwe zimakonzedweratu kanthawi kochepa, ndikofunika kupanga zinthu zonse kuti zikhale bwino.
Kuti mupange malo abwino kwa mbalame, muyenera:
- ngati pali mwayi wodwala, ndiye kuti chida chogwiritsira ntchito nsapato, chokhala ndi chigawo chachikulu, chimayikidwa kutsogolo kwa chitseko cha nyumba Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kusintha nthawi zonse;
- Nkhuku zoyera zowonongeka ndi zitsulo zina, ndikutsuka zisa zawo, pansi, zisa, trays, osayenera, odyetsa, oledzera ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, perekani mankhwala. Excreta ayenera kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
Ndikofunikira! Gwiritsani ntchito kouma, osati mazira chifukwa chogona, popanda bowa zipangizo.
- Ngati mbalamezo zimakhala kunja, pansizi ziyenera kukhala zodzaza ndi utuchi, mitengo, ndi zina zotero. Kusintha kwa ziweto zimatsuka bwino ndikuyeretsanso. Pamene zinyalalazo zasinthidwa, pansiyo imatsukidwa ndi kutetezedwa mwadzidzidzi (kugwiritsa ntchito laimu fluff, 0.5 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi, kapena njira yapadera). Kenaka matumba atsopano amatsanulira ndi wosanjikiza wa 10-15 masentimita.
Mu nkhuku zinyumba, mazenera, zitseko, mpweya wa mpweya umayenera kukhala ndi ukonde kuti nyama zakutchire zisalowe mkati.
Anthu ena safuna kupita ku malowa ndi mbalame. Musanafike m'nyumba, muyenera kusintha zovala zoyera.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire mpweya wabwino, pansi, odyetsa, akumwa mu nyumba ya nkhuku.
Malamulo owona za zinyama zowonongeka ndi kudyetsa nkhuku mu farmsteads
Malingana ndi lamulo la ziweto, abusa ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali otetezeka ku thanzi lawo ndi chilengedwe komanso zomwe zimakhudza miyezo ya thanzi la nyama pofuna kudyetsa mbalame zawo.
Zinyama zinyama ziyenera kupezeka pa mabungwe apadera ndi minda.
Musanalowetse dzira loyikidwa ndi nkhuku mu chofungatira, liyenera kukhala lopachikidwa. Mazira a makulitsidwe amasungidwa ku + 8-10 ° C ndi chinyezi 75-80%. Mazira a nkhuku akhoza kusungidwa masiku osapitirira 6, turkeys ndi abakha - osapitirira masiku asanu ndi atatu, atsekwe - osapitirira masiku khumi. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, tsiku lotsatira likulitsa mwayi wa imfa ya mwana wosabadwayo ndi 1%.
Pakuleredwa kochepa ku minda, umoyo, khalidwe, zakudya, ndi kumwa kwa munthu aliyense zimayang'aniridwa. Mkhalidwe wa mafundewo umayang'aniranso. Ngati pali vuto lililonse, ndiye kuti chifukwa chake chimakhazikitsidwa mwamsanga ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, ziweto zimatchedwa.
Chiwerengero cha mbalame zomwe zili mnyumbamo pamtunda uliwonse chiyenera kukhala motere:
- dzira ndi mitundu ya nyama (achinyamata) - mbalame 11-12;
- akulu (nkhuku, turkeys, abakha, atse) - 3-4.
Phunzirani momwe mungabwerere nkhuku, nkhuku, turkeys, abakha, mbalame, atsekwe, zinziri, mbalame za nkhanu, njiwa, pheasants, nthiwatiwa m'minda yamunthu.
Kukula kwa odyetsa, gawo lawo lofikira munthu mmodzi:
- 6-8 masentimita kwa nyama zazikulu;
- 4-5 cm kwa achinyamata.
Okumwa mowaMbali zomwe zilipo kwa munthu mmodzi, ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 1-3.
Mitundu iliyonse ya mbalame iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi kuthiridwa mosiyana.
Mitengo ya kutentha, chinyezi, ndi magetsi a mpweya woipa m'nyumba za nkhuku zimayendetsedwa ndi malamulo ndi malamulo. Alimi a nkhuku ayenera kusunga ziweto zawo pokhapokha mpaka mbalame zowuluka zikuuluka kuti zisagwirizane ndi mbalame zamkuku.
Gulu lotsatira laching'ono liyenera kuikidwa mu chipinda chapadera (kutenthedwa), chisanafike kutsukidwa ndi kutetezedwa ku disinfected.
Pezani ngati mungapeze nkhuku ndi akalulu, nkhuku ndi abakha pamodzi.
Njira zothetsera ndi kuthetsa matenda opatsirana a mbalame mu farmsteads
Malinga ndi lamulo lachilengedwe, aliyense amene ali ndi zinyama komanso amapanga ziweto ayenera kutsatira malangizo a ziweto kuti achite zothandizira kuthetsa matenda a zinyama.
Monga njira yowonetsera matenda odwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito zolima, kuphatikizapo ziweto zonse ndi zowonongeka, amatemera zinyama, poganizira zochitika za m'deralo.
Omwe mbalame ziyenera kupereka mbalame kuti ziziyang'aniridwa ndi pempho la veterinarian.
Pa pempho lomwelo, eni eniwo ayenera kufotokoza chiwerengero cha mitu mu fomu iliyonse yomwe ili mu famu.
Ngati pali kukayikira kwa matenda kapena kuzindikiritsa mbalame, njirazi zimatengedwa malinga ndi malamulo olimbana ndi matendawa.
Mukudziwa? Ku Ulaya, nkhuku zinafika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi nkhuku zazikulu.
Pambuyo pofufuza lamulo lofunika kwambiri la mbalame zomwe zili pakhomo, mungathe kukonza malo a nyama. Izi zidzakuthandizani osati kupewa kokha chilango kuchokera kwa akuluakulu olamulira, koma komanso kukula malonda.
Ndemanga
