Kuyambira kalekale, nthiwatiwa zakopeka chidwi cha anthu onse monga chinthu chosaka komanso ngati chidwi cha sayansi. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa anthu ndi mbalame zazikulu, tchire linakhala mbalame zazikulu padziko lapansi. M'nkhani ino tikambirana za zizoloŵezi ndi moyo wa nyama yokondweretsa iyi.
Kodi nthiwatiwa imawoneka bwanji?
Pakalipano, pali mtundu umodzi wa nthiwatiwa ndi nthiwatiwa, zomwe ndizo Ng'ombe ya ku Afrika (Struthio camelus). Lili ndi subspecies zingapo: wamba, kapena kumpoto kwa Africa, Masai, Somalia ndi kumwera. Subspecies a Somalia, kunja mofanana kwambiri ndi anthu ena onse, ochita kafukufuku ena amasiyanitsa mitundu ina. 
Tiyeni tiganizire za zizindikiro za nthiwatiwa (wamba):
- thupi lolimba, lalikulu;
- Mphuno (fupa la sternum yomwe minofu ya pectoral imamangidwa ndi mbalame) siilipo;
- khosi liri lalitali, losakhala nthenga, lofiira;
- mutu wawung'onong'ono, wopepuka pang'ono kuchokera pamwamba;
- maso aakulu, khungu lakuya limasindikiza ndi lakuda eyelashes;
- Mlomo molunjika, wathanzi, uli ndi kukula;
- mapiko ali osasinthika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa thupi ndi kukwatira;
- Manja amphongo alibe nthenga, yayitali kwambiri, amphamvu, ali ndi zala ziwiri zokha, zokhala ndi ziboda, kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu chimakhala masentimita 7;
- Kujambula kwa nkhono zazimayi ndi nondescript; mithunzi yonyezimira imatha, mapiko ndi mchira ndizoyera zoyera;
- Mphuno ya amuna imadzazidwa ndi nthenga zakuda, mapiko (mbali) ndipo mchira uli woyera;
- kutalika kwake kwa mbalame kufika pa 270 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kupitirira 150 makilogalamu (zazikazi ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa amuna);
- akhoza kuthamanga mofulumira kufika pa 80 km / h pamtunda wautali, kutenga mamita 3.5-4.5 m, pomwe angathe kuthamanga kwa makilomita 50 / h kwa nthawi yaitali.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhumba yaikulu yopanda ndege imakhala ku Australia, yomwe inkangotchedwa "um'mimba" ndipo inali ya banja la nthiwatiwa. Koma m'zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazo, mndandandawo unasinthidwa, ndipo emuyo adayikidwa ngati banja lapadera la emu (Dromaiidae) ndi mtundu wa emu.
Bwanji iwo sauluka ndi kubisa mitu yawo mchenga?
Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti makolo a nthiwatiwa amatha kuwuluka, koma potsiriza adataya mphamvuyi. Chifukwa cha chisinthiko, chombo chawo chinafalikira ku sternum, kumene minofu yomwe imasuntha mapikowa imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbalame ikuuluka. Nthenga ndi mchira zinatsala, koma zinasanduka zinthu zokongoletsa. Mapikowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsera polojekiti, kutetezedwa, ndipo amasonyezedwanso kwa akazi pamatsegulidwe otsegulira pa masewera okhwima. 
Malinga ndi nthano za nthiwatiwa, akuti zimabisa mitu yawo mchenga ndi ngozi, zimachokera ku uthenga wa wolemba mbiri wakale wachiroma Pliny Wamkulu. Zoona zake, mbalame iyi imangotenga miyala yokhayokha mchenga, yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi chimbudzi chodziwika bwino, ndipo imatha kuthawa pangozi chifukwa chothawa, chifukwa imatha kukhala ndi liwiro lalikulu kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Mimba ya nthiwatiwa ndi pafupifupi 50 mm. Diso limodzi, lonse ndi lalitali, limaposa kukula kwake ndi ubongo wa mbalameyi, komanso kukula kwa diso la njovu.
Momwe nthiwatiwa imatetezera kwa adani
Njira yayikulu yotetezera nthiwatiwa - kuthawa mofulumira, ndipo angathe kusintha kwambiri kayendedwe ka mpikisano, popanda kuchepetsa liwiro. Komabe, amatha kubwera pamodzi ndi mdani mwachindunji. Pankhaniyi, mbalameyo imamenyana ndi zovuta zake, ndipo zala zake zimakhala ndi ziphuphu zamphamvu. Ikumayenda patsogolo ndi pansi, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, ikhoza kuyamwa mapiko ake. Ndi kupweteka, amatha kuvulaza ngakhale mkango. 
Kuwonjezera pa njira zapamwambazi zotetezera, mbalame imagwiritsa ntchito kudzibisa. Mzimayi amawathira mazira, akawopsa, amatha kufalikira pansi, akugwedezeka pa khosi lalitali, ndipo mtundu wake wofiirira umapangitsa kuti phokoso liwoneke.
Kumakhala komwe ndi moyo wambiri
Ma subspecies a kumpoto kwa Africa amakhala m'madera akuluakulu, ochokera ku Ethiopia ndi Kenya kum'mawa kwa Africa kupita ku West African Senegal. Malo ake ndi malo osungirako zinthu. Nthawi ya moyo wa mbalameyi ndi yofunika: Mkhalidwe wabwino imatha kukhala zaka 75, koma m'chilengedwe nthawi zambiri sichitha zaka zoposa 40-50.
Werengani zambiri zokhudza kubereka nthiwatiwa kunyumba.
Moyo ndi zizoloŵezi
Nyama iyi imatsogolera moyo wamasiku, koma m'mawa otentha kwambiri masana sichigwira ntchito. Nthiwatiwa zimatha kukhala opanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, kutayika pakakhala kutalika kwake mpaka kotala la kulemera kwake kwa thupi. Ngati apatsidwa mpata, amamwa madzi ambiri ndikusamba m'madzi, koma nthawi zambiri amapereka chinyezi mwa kudya zomera. Nthiwatiwa zimasiyana mosiyana kwambiri ndi zochitika kunja. Mchipululu, mbalameyi imakhala ndi kutentha kwa +55 ° C mwakachetechete, komanso kumapiri a nthiwatiwa ku Ulaya, imakhala yabwino ndi chisanu cha -10 ° 12 ° C. 
Nyengo isanayambe, nthiwatiwa zimasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoting'ono ndi nthawizina (akuluakulu). Koma mbalame zokhuta zogonana zimakhala m'mabanja, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo 1 wamkulu wamwamuna, mpaka 5 akazi ndi strausitas. Banja lotero nthawi zambiri limadyetsa pafupi ndi ziwalo zamphongo ndi zitsamba, ndipo pamodzi nazo zimasamukira ku malo odyetserako ziweto. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha maso awo okhwima ndi kukula, nthiwatiwa zimazindikira kuti nyama zina zimadya kale kuposa nyama zina.
Ndikofunikira! Ubongo wa mbalameyi ndi wochepa kwambiri poyerekezera ndi thupi lalikulu, masentimita ake amafika 40 g basi. Asayansi amaganiza kuti nthiwatiwa silingathe kukumbukira kalikonse. Panali nthawi pamene mbalameyo inakankhira mutu wake mu dzenje ndipo sungakhoze kukoka iyo, chifukwa iyo sinakumbukire momwe iyo inachitira izo. Zikatero, zimayamba kugwedeza mwachisawawa ndipo zimatha kuthyola mutu kuchokera pachibelekero cha versabra.
Chimene chimadyetsa
Maziko a chakudya cha nthiwatiwa ndi mphukira za zomera zosiyanasiyana, komanso mbewu ndi zipatso zawo. Matenda ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti ayambe kudya zakudya. Njirayi imathandizidwa ndi miyala yaing'ono ndi mchenga womwe umamezedwa ndi mbalame, yomwe, ngakhale m'mimba, imathandizira kugaya masamba.
Komabe, mbalame silimangokhala zomera. Ngati n'kotheka, imadya mbozi, nkhumba, tizilombo (dzombe limakondedwa ndi ilo) ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ndipo zimatha kudya zinyama za nyama zomwe zidya zidadya.
Phunzirani zambiri za kudya nthiwatiwa zakutchire ndi kunyumba.
Kuswana
Pansi pa chilengedwe, mkazi amakula msinkhu wa zaka zitatu, ndipo wamwamuna ali ndi zaka 4. Mu nyengo ya mating, mbuzi imapanga maonekedwe omwe amakopera akazi - kuwomba kwake, kuwomba malipenga, ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, amathyola mapiko ake kutsogolo kwakazi, kumangirira, kuponyera mutu wake. Munda umene mwamuna amachititsa maseŵera otha msinkhu akhoza kufika kufika mamita asanu ndi limodzi. km Amuna ena achotsedwa m'derali. Momwe zimakhalira, mbuzi imaphimba akazi onse, koma imayandikira ndi munthu mmodzi wamkulu. 
Pansi pa chisa, amphongo akumba dzenje pansi ndi zikhadabo zake. Zonse zazimayi zomwe zimapanga mazira zimayika mazira mu dzenje (kulemera kwake kumakhala 2 kg). Pamene munthu wamkulu adayika, imathamangitsa akazi ena ku chisa ndikukonzekera mazira ake pakati pa kugwirana. 
Ukulu wa clutch ndi pafupifupi mazira 20 (kwa magulu ena angakhale aakulu kwambiri). Patsiku, mkazi wamba amalowetsa clutch usiku, wamwamuna. Ndondomeko ya makulitsidwe amatha masiku 35-45. Panthawi imeneyi, akazi ndi abambo ali okwiya kwambiri: kuteteza kampeni, akhoza kumenyana ndi nyama kapena munthu aliyense. 
Kuwotcha nkhuku kumatha kuposa ora limodzi. Amathyola zipolopolo zakuda ndi mlomo wawo. Zingwe zocheka zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 1, zimakhala ndi mazira, maso awo amawoneka bwino ndipo amatha kuyenda momasuka. 
Ndizodabwitsa kuti mazira omwe anapiye sanamalize, amathyoledwa ndi amayi. Tizilombo tomwe timawuluka timakhala ngati chakudya cha anapiye. Koma ngakhale popanda izi, chimbudzi cha nthiwatiwa chimatha kuyenda ndi achikulire kukafufuza chakudya tsiku lotsatira chitatha kubadwa kwake.
Phunzirani momwe mungatengere mazira a nthiwatiwa kunyumba ndi momwe mungapangitsire mazira a nthiwatiwa ndi manja anu.
Patsiku lachitatu la moyo, khate la nthiwatiwa limayamba kuphimba ndi nthenga. Achinyamata a chaka chimodzi ali okonzeka kukhala ndi moyo wodziimira okha, koma, monga lamulo, amakhalabe m'banja kwa nthawi ndithu. 
Ndizofuna kudziwa kuti zidazo zimagwirizanirana, magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana amatha kugwirizanitsa, kenako amamenyera nkhondo ku gulu limodzi, ndipo wopambana amatenga anawo.
Mukudziwa? M'minda, nthiwatiwa zimagwidwa nyama, mafuta, mazira, khungu, ndi nthenga. Nyama imamva mofanana ndi ng'ombe yowonda. Mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pharmacology ndi cosmetology. Ma calorie omwe mazira amakhala ochepa kwambiri kuposa nkhuku, koma kukoma ndi chimodzimodzi. Khungu limasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu zake, kutaya madzi, kukana madzi ndi kukhalitsa. Nthenga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza zovala, komanso zinthu zokongoletsera.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chisungidwe
M'zaka za zana la XIX, kuthetsa nthiwatiwa, makamaka chifukwa cha nthenga zawo, kudalira kwambiri kuti mbalameyi inaopsezedwa kuti idzatha posachedwapa. Mmodzi wa subspecies, nthiwatiwa ya ku Suriya, pambuyo pake anafa ndipo anawonongeka kale pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Mwamwayi, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, mbalamezi zinayamba kulumidwa m'mapuni a nthiwatiwa, ndipo tsopano palibe zoopsa zamoyo.
Video: nthiwatiwa wamba
Monga mukuonera, nthiwatiwa ndi cholengedwa chosazolowereka: si mbalame ndi mbalame yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse, yomwe ikufuna kuthawa ngozi, koma ngati kuli kotheka kukamenyana ndi nyama iliyonse. Mbali yake yochititsa chidwi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa banja lokhazikika ndi kusamalira mwanayo nthawi yaitali. Zomwe anapeza pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalamezi zizikhala bwino, zotsatira zake zowopsa kwa mbalameyi, ndipo kubzala kwa nthiwatiwa kunakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri.
