Haworthia adachokera ku South Africa kupita ku Europe koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Mbewuyi imalimidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Banja la Haworthy limaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 150 ya zipatso zamuyaya ndi masamba okongoletsa achikuda, ophimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima ndi zidutswa. M'maluwa amkati, chimakhala chofunikira chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake oyambirira komanso kuzindikira kwawo.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Haworthia ndi chomera chotsika komanso chochepa kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri imapanga rosette yoyambira. Iwo ali ofanana ndi Aloe, koma ophatikizika komanso othandiza chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilengedwe ndi masamba. Mtundu wamasamba amasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku kuwala mpaka kubiriwira kwakuda, ndi imvi, siliva, bulauni. Mawonekedwe a masamba ndi lanceolate, mawonekedwe ake ndi oyipa. Mikwingwirima ya volumetric ndi madontho amtundu woyera kapena wamdima wobiriwira amapereka mtunduwo. M'pofunika kuganizira momwe haworthia pachimake.
Kapangidwe ka Haworthia
Haworthia imatha kuphuka nthawi iliyonse, koma nthawi zambiri imachitika mchilimwe. Pa peduncle yopyapyala, pamayera maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Maluwa a Havortia si mtengo wokongoletsera ndipo nthawi zina ma peduncle amachotsedwa kuti asafooketse mbewu.
Kusasamala kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito haworthia pakuwonongera mkati mwake. Imatenga malo pang'ono ndikukula pang'onopang'ono, kotero nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zabwino mu maenje ndi m'miyala yamiyala.
Zambiri! Haworthia adadziwika nalo dzina polemekeza wolemba zachilengedwe Wachingelezi Adrian Hardy Haworth (1768-1833). Anaphunzira maluwa ndi nyama zaku South Africa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo adathandizira kwambiri pa sayansi, kufotokoza mitundu yambiri yazomera m'derali.
Mitundu yayikulu
Mitundu ndi ya banja la Asphodelov. Chifukwa chakutha kupanga ma hybrids mkati mwanu komanso ndi mitundu yofananira (Gasteria, Aloe). Izi ndi zinthu zachonde kwa obereketsa.
Tcherani khutu! Pali ma hybrids ndi ma mbewu ambiri omwe amasiyana maonekedwe, kukula kwa malo ogulitsira, komanso kuchuluka ndi mawonekedwe a tubercles pamasamba.
Mitundu wamba yamaluwa
- Striped (kapena haworthia fasciata) ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino m'nyumba. Haworthia fasciata ali ndi duwa loyipa lakuda lomwe limakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ya mtundu woyera. Masamba amaloledwa, wopindika pang'ono. Ambiri mwa mikwaso yoyera imakhala patsinde pa pepalalo. Kusamalira milozo ya haworthia kunyumba imakhala kuthirira pang'ono komanso kupatsidwa nthawi yofunikira.
Haworthia fasciata
- Drawn haworthia imakhala ndi duwa lamaso amiyala italiitali, lomwe limakutidwa mbali zonse ndi ma tubercles oyera oyera. Zomera zokongoletsera zimapezeka mwangozi, nthawi zina zimaphatikizidwa kukhala mikwingwirima.
Drawn haworthia
- Zomatira - mkulu wosakanizidwa, wofika 20 cm kutalika. Masamba ang'onoang'ono opyapyala amakhala omata komanso amanjana wina ndi mnzake. Amamera m'mizere itatu ndipo amapanga mzati wooneka bwino kwambiri wofanana ndi mamba a njoka kuchokera kutali. Utoto umawonjezera kukongoletsa - mitundu ina pamakhala mtundu wofiirira kapena nsomba.
Wokonda haworthia
- Bokosi loyipa lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi thunthu yaying'ono ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono atatu, omwe mbali zake zina zake ndizowongoka. Chowonera chidaphimbidwa ndi madontho oyera oyera.
Window haworthia
- Ma scaphoid amapanga mitundu yotsika ya masamba obiriwira amtundu wokhala ndi masamba okhala. Masamba akuluakulu owongoka amakhala ngati bwato. Pali malo opepuka, ocheperako pang'ono - masamba owoneka. Cholinga chawo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya dzuwa lotentha. Mawonedwewo amapatsa mwana zigawo mwachangu ndikudzaza malo aulere;
Scaphoid haworthia
- Pearl haworthia imasiyanitsidwa ndi rosette zazikulu zamasamba obiriwira amdima, pomwe pali ma bullet oyera ozungulira ofanana ndi ngale. Limamasula, monga maulendalama ambiri, limakhala ndi maluwa owoneka ngati belu pazithunzi zazitali.
Pearl mawonekedwe
- Reinvardt - amapanga tsinde mpaka 20 cm, pomwe masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi pepala lowongoka amadzalidwa mwamphamvu, ndikuwolana. Ali ndi tubercles okongoletsa.
Haworthia reinwardtii
- Blunt kapena haworthia retusa - ali ndi masamba ambiri opanda masamba okhala ndi malangizo. Utoto kuchokera kubiriwira lowala kupita pabuka, wopanda kuwala, utoto wofiira umakulirakulira. Zowoneka pamasamba zidakhalapo.
Haworthia retusa
- Chess (checkered) amapanga timiyala tosakhazikika tokhala ndi masamba ofota patatu. Pamwamba pa pepalalo pali pepala lo checkered, lomwe limakhala ndi gridi ya kuwala komanso mizere yakuda. Mbali yokhotakhota idakutidwa ndi ma tubercles ang'ono. M'mphepete mwa masamba nthawi zina amakongoletsedwa ndi cloves. Chess haworthia amatha kupanga mphukira kuchokera pansi panthaka. Mumtunduwu, rosette ya mwana wamkazi imatha kuonekera patali masentimita angapo kuchokera pa chomera cha kholo.
Chess osiyanasiyana haworthia
Nthawi zambiri m'misika yamaluwa a haworthia, omwe mitundu yawo imasiyana kwambiri, imawonetsedwa ngati "kusakaniza kwa haworthia." Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu ingapo imabzalidwa mumiphika yomwe imapangika mwaluso.
Haworthia, chisamaliro chakunyumba
Haworthia ndi imodzi mwazomera zochepa zomwe zimalekerera shading. Mu malo achilengedwe, ma sapulogalamuwa amadzizidwa mchenga, nthawi zambiri nsonga za masamba zimangokhala pamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha khungu lovuta, mbewuyo sikuti imavunda.
Tcherani khutu! Kuchita bwino ndi koyenera kupanga nyimbo mu florarium - chidebe chowonekera mkati momwe muli zitsamba.
Haworthia Florarium
Njira yotentha
Mpweya wozungulira chomera suyenera kukhala pansi +5 ℃. M'nyengo yozizira, matenthedwe amasungidwa mkati mwa 10-13 ℃ pamwamba pa ziro. M'chilimwe, nyengo yabwino pa kutentha 20-25 ℃. Mitengo yapamwamba ya haworthia siowopsa.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Sichimwe madzi ambiri nthawi yozizira. Chaka chonse - boma lochita kuthirira. Chomera chimanyowa pamene dothi limakhala louma kwathunthu, nthawi zambiri 1-2 pa sabata. Ndikofunikira kuti chinyezi chisalowe pakatikati pa zotulutsa, izi zimatha kuyambitsa.
Duwa la haworthia, monga ma cacti ambiri, limagwirizana ndi mpweya wouma. Chinyezi chachilengedwe sichichita mbali yofunika. Panthawi yogwira, kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pamwezi. Ikani zovala zapamwamba pamankhwala opopera kapena njira yofooka ya feteleza wa mchere. M'nyengo yozizira, kudya sikuchitika.
Zofunika! Chomera chobzalidwa sichikufunika feteleza miyezi itatu yoyamba. Pakasakaniza dothi watsopano, pali michere yokwanira yogwira ntchito mwachangu.
Kudulira ndi kupatsirana
Ngati bizinesi yatalika kwambiri kuti isaphikidwe maluwa, kapena ngati ana ambiri azikola, chomera chija chimadzaika. Mulingo woyenera wotsika kwambiri.
Ndikwabwino kufalitsa mbewu munyengo yamasika. Pakadali pano, zomerazi zimayamba ndipo duwa lake limasinthika kukhala zatsopano. Sizingonororia amakula bwino mu chisakanizo cha mchenga wowuma ndi nthaka yazakudya, zotengedwa chimodzimodzi.
Zindikirani! Kusungabe mawonekedwe, masamba achikale amachotsedwa. Pambuyo maluwa, mapesi a maluwa amachotsedwa.
Njira zolerera
Haworthia kufalitsa ndi mbewu kapena mosaatively - tsinde, ndipo nthawi zina masamba odulidwa. Mitundu ina imatha kutulutsa mphukira zamtundu - stolons. Ndizoyeneranso kubereka.
Kuti tipeze mbewu, mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri kuchokera kwa wowona wamaluwa imapukutidwa pakati pawo. Pakatha kupukutira bwino, nthangala zokhwima zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikufesedwa munthaka yonyowa, yambiri yamchenga. Kuti mupange microclimate yofunda komanso yanyontho, chivundikirani ndi filimu. Sungani kutentha kwa +20 ℃. Zomera zimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono;
Kuti mufalitse ma suppulents ndi tsinde ndi masamba odulidwa, amawuma musanadzale. Njira imeneyi, kutengera kukula kwa chogwirira, imatha kutenga masiku 1-2. Kenako malekezawa amayikidwa mumchenga wonyowa kapena perlite, pomwe mizu imachitika.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Chigoba cha mwana wamkazi chimalekanitsidwa panthawi ya kuwonjezeredwa. Dengalo limakonkhedwa ndi makala ndipo mbewu zazing'ono zimabzalidwa mumiphika yosiyana. Izi ndizosavuta kwambiri ndipo zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza malo ogulitsira bwino.
Chosangalatsa kudziwa! Nzika zaku South Africa zimawona kuti Haworthia ndi mbewu yochiritsa komanso yozizwitsa. Amabzala mitengo yazimbudzi padenga ndi kukongoletsa nyumba zawo ndi ma piritsi mumiphika, akuyembekeza kuti mbewuzo ziziteteza nyumbazi ku mphezi komanso chifukwa cha mphamvu zoyipa. Amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi ochiritsa haworthia limifolia (haworthia limifolia).
M'malo ena, kufunika kwa mbewu zothandiza ndizokwera kwambiri kuti athe kuukwaniritsa, akuwona vuto la haworthia mwa kufalikira kwa michere.
Mavuto okula
Mdima ndi kuvunda pamasamba ndizotsatira chinyezi chambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa, mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa zachomera zimachotsedwa ndipo malo ogulitsira amathandizidwa ndi fung fung.
Kubowola
Zilonda zowonongeka sizowonongeka ndi tizirombo kuposa mbewu zina zamkati. Komabe, nthawi zina pa haworthia, zoyera ngati thonje zoyera za mealybug zimatha kuwoneka. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo a masamba kapena pamtunda. M'malo opopera ndi mazira a tizirombo ndipo mphutsi zawo zimakula. Thonje lomwe limanyowa m'madzi amchere amachotsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Nthawi zina phula kapena utoto wonyezimira wamtundu wa bulauni umaonekera. Pansi pawo pali mphutsi za tiziromboti, kachilombo komwe kamayamwa zomera za mbewu. Zikopa zimachotsedwa mosamala ndi burashi ndikuthandizidwa ndi madzi a sopo.
Haworthia, wobzalidwa panthaka yachilimwe, ali ndi vuto lovuta. Tizilombo timadzula masamba, chomera chimataya kukongoletsa ndi kupukuta. Ngati pali ochepa mavinidwe, amasonkhanitsidwa pamanja ndikuwonongeka. Momwe chiwopsezo cha tizirombo chikukulira, irondehyde ingathandize.
Zambiri! Ndi kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa tizirombo, amapezanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kuchiza ndi othandizira kumathandiza kuchotsa mphutsi ndi nkhanambo.
Ngakhale kuti haworthia ndiwosasamala komanso wosagwira tizirombo ndi matenda, simuyenera kunyalanyaza njira zodzitetezera, chifukwa matendawa ndiosavuta kupewa kupewera. Njira zopewera:
- kuyang'anira mbewu zogulidwa - masamba a suppulents ayenera kukhala ochulukirapo, osawonongeka ndi zinthu zotayidwa ndi tizirombo (madontho akuda, cobwebs, plaque);
- kuika kwaokha zatsopano zapamwamba - maluwa achichepere amaikidwa mosiyana ndi chopereka chachikulu ndikuyang'aniridwa kwa masabata awiri; ngati palibe zowonongeka zikapezeka, ikani chomera pamalo pomwe panali;
- kuchapa pafupipafupi kwa mbeu.
Ndikosavuta kusamalira zonunkha, chifukwa ngakhale oyambitsa m'maluwa okhazikika amatha kulima. Amateurs omwe ali ndi chidziwitso amakhala okondwa kuyesa, kupanga nyimbo kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukula kwa haworthia m'mbale zamagalasi kapena kupanga minda yaying'ono.
