Lero, mudzaphunziranso za mbeu zoweta ziweto zomwe zingadzitamande kwambiri. Taganizirani za ng'ombe zamphongo, komanso ndikukuuzani za nyama zakutchire, zonyansa kwambiri.
Ng'ombe zazikulu kwambiri
Ntchito yosankha, kudula ndi kusankha mabwenzi anatisankha kuti tipeze mitundu yomwe ili ndi zizindikiro zolemera.
Hereford
Nthanga za nyama za Chingerezi, zomwe zinagwidwa m'zaka za zana la XVIII potsata chifukwa cha omwe akuyimira ng'ombe. Kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wamtundu wa abambo amtsogolo adagwira ntchito ku United States. Mu 1928, ng'ombe za Hereford zinabweretsedwa ku USSR, kumene zidagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda ndi mitundu ya mkaka ndi nyama.
Ng'ombe ziwiri ndi ng'ombe zili ndi thupi lalikulu, komanso zimasiyana ndi miyendo yofupikitsa. Pa kubadwa, nsungwana yaing'ono imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 28-33, koma kuchuluka kwa akuluakulu akuluakulu a mtunduwo ndi 30-40 kuphatikizapo. Nthenda yaikulu ya ng'ombe ndi 850 kg, ndi ng'ombe - 1350 makilogalamu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kutalika kwake ndi 125 cm basi.
Ndikofunikira! Poyamba, mtunduwu unagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu yolimbitsa thupi, yomwe amayendetsa amalimoto."Herefords" ili ndi chifuwa cha mamita 2, chifuwa cha 72 cm ndi chiwalo cha thupi pafupifupi 1.5 mamita. Zinyama zimagulidwa pamsika ndipo zimakonda makhalidwe a mabulosi amtengo wapatali, kupha kumene kumafikira 70%.
Golshtinsky
Nthanga ya mkaka ya Dutch, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa zopindulitsa komanso zofala padziko lapansi. Achimereka anasankhidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Pa nthawi yomweyi, amayesetsa kuwonjezera mkaka wa mkaka ndi kulemera kwa nyanga.
Kulemera kwa ng'ombe zazikulu ndi makilogalamu 650-750, ndi ng'ombe - 0.9-1.2 matani.Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ntchito yosankha siimaima, chifukwa ntchitoyi ndi kubweretsa kulemera kwalemera kwa 850 kg.
Pezani momwe mungasunge ng'ombe.Malamulo a thupi la nyama ndi ozoloŵera, kutalika kwake kumafalikira 140 cm, kuya kwa chifuwa ndi masentimita 80. Iwo ali ndi ubweya waukulu wa voliyumu, umene uli ndi kapu mawonekedwe.
Ngakhale kuti kulemera kwa ng'ombe kumapitirira pa tani, kupha nyama sikuposa 55%, zomwe zimasonyeza mafupa aakulu a nyama. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zokolola za mkaka zikhoza kupitirira makilogalamu zikwi khumi pachaka. 
Kyansk (Chiitaliya)
Nthano ya ku Italy yopatsa nyama, yomwe idasankhidwa ku Roma yakale. Nyama ndizokalipa komanso zimakhala zovuta. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, ng'ombe ikhoza kumupha munthu pomenya ziboda kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo. "Kyantsy" popanda kudumphira pa mipanda, kutalika kwake komwe kumafikira mamita awiri.
Onani ng'ombe zamphongo.Ambiri ambiri a ng'ombe yaikulu ndi 750-1000 kg, ndipo ng'ombe - 1.2-1.5 matani. Kulemera kwakukulu kotereku kumachitika kutalika kwa kutalika kwa masentimita 150-180, chifukwa cha nyama yomwe ikuwoneka ngati yaikulu. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mtundu uwu ndiko kukula mofulumira. Kulemera kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumafikira 2 kg. Pa nthawi yomweyi ali ndi zaka 1, kulemera kwake ndi 475 kg.
Kupha nyama zowonjezera - 60-65%, pamene malonda ndi zakudya, monga mafuta ochepa. 
Kalmyk
Mbalame ya ku Russia, yomwe inamangidwa chifukwa cha ng'ombe zakutchire zomwe zinachokera ku Western Mongolia. Ng'ombe zimadziwika ndi chibadwa chabwino cha amayi, chifukwa ngakhale mwiniwake sangathe kuyandikira anawo.
Kulemera kwa ng'ombe ndi 450-600 kg, ng'ombe - 750-900 kg. Malamulo a thupi ndi ofanana ndi ng'ombe za ng'ombe. Tisaiwale kuti ng'ombe za Kalmyk zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Amatha kupeza mafuta ambiri kuti apulumuke m'nyengo yozizira.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe za Kalmyk kufunafuna chakudya zimatha kuyenda makilomita 50 patsiku ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri chifukwa cha ubweya wambiri ndi mafuta.Kupha nyama - 60%. Pa nthawi yomweyi, 70 peresenti ya misa yonse imagwera pa minofu ndi 10% - pa mafuta. Chaka chilichonse mkaka wokolola ndi wochepa: osapitirira 1500 makilogalamu. Mkaka uli ndi mafuta okwanira 4.2-4.4%.
Charolais
Nthano ya ku France ya nyama, yomwe inalembedwa m'zaka za zana la XVIII m'dera la Charolais, chifukwa cha dzina lake. Kwa ng'ombe za Sharolez, calving yolimba ndi yofunika, chifukwa chofunikira kuchita gawo lachisindikizo.
Izi ndi zinyama zazikulu zowonongeka, kuyang'ana momwe zikuwonekera kuti thupi lawo silochilendo. Kulemera kwake kwa ng'ombe ndi 650-1100 kg, ndipo ng'ombe - 950-1400 kg. Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti kutalika kwazitali pazowola ndi 145 masentimita, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi sikudutsa kuposa masentimita 170. Zinyama zazing'ono zimakula mofulumira ndipo zakhala ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha.
Ndikofunikira! Ng'ombe zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mkaka mpaka zaka 15.Chiberekero ndi chofunika kwambiri pa zakudya zamtundu wapamwamba, zomwe zimatulutsa 80%. Koma pankhani ya milkiness, pankhaniyi, ng'ombe za Sharolese zimatayika kwambiri. Kwa chaka, munthu aliyense sangathe kupanga makilogalamu oposa 2,5,000, ndipo mafuta omwe amapangidwawo ndi 4%.
Shorthorn
Chilankhulo cha Chingerezi, chomwe chimatanthauzanso nyama ndi nyama ndi mkaka. Iyo inalembedwa m'zaka za zana la XVIII mwa kudutsa ng'ombe zakomweko ndi mitundu yofanana ndi Dutch ndi Galloway. N'zosangalatsa kuti poyamba kusankha kudalowa mu nyama, koma kale m'zaka za zana la XIX, anthu anasankhidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mkaka ndi mkaka wabwino.
Popeza ntchitoyi inkafuna kuti nyama ndi mkaka zikhale zapamwamba panthawi imodzimodziyo, mbuzi zazing'ono sizimaswa zolemba. Ng'ombe zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 550-750, ng'ombe - 800-1100 makilogalamu. Nthawi zambiri, pali anthu omwe amalemera makilogalamu 1300 kuphatikizapo. Oimira a mtundu wa Shorthorn ali ndi msinkhu waung'ono pofikira - mpaka masentimita 130. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 155. Chifuwa girth ndi 185-200 masentimita.
Dziwani bwino mtundu wa ng'ombe ndi mkaka.Nyerere ndi yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa nyama ya marble, yomwe imafikira 81%. Mkaka wa ng'ombe umakhala wosiyana pakati pa 2.5 ndi 6 zikwi makilogalamu pachaka. Zogulitsidwazo ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa chake mtunduwu sunabwerere ku Ulaya, komanso ku USA, Canada, Australia ndi madera ena a Russian Federation.
Ng'ombe zazikulu kwambiri komanso zolemetsa kwambiri padziko lapansi
Mu Guinness Book of Records adatchulidwa oimira miyala imene imakhudza kulemera kwake, kutalika kwake kapena kumanga. Ndiye mudzaphunzira za ng'ombe zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Dziwani zowoneka bwino za ng'ombe.
Donetto (mtundu wa Kian)
Wolemba mbiriyo anadziwika pa chiwonetsero cha 1955 ku Arezzo (Italy), ndipo adakhala nthumwi ya mtundu wa Kian, ng'ombe yotchedwa Donetto. Kulemera kwake kunali 1740 makilogalamu. Komanso, kulemera kwa ng'ombe zamphongo nthawi zambiri sikuposa 1500 kg. 
Field Marshal (Charolais mtundu)
Ng'ombe ya zaka eyiti yotchedwa Field Marshal inakhala ng'ombe yamphongo kwambiri ku England. Kulemera kwake ndi 1670 kg, ndipo ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri iye ankalemera 136 kg zochepa. Nyamayo siinakulireko kuti iwonetsedwe, koma idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa famu kuti iwonongeke ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. 
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse yotchedwa Mount Katadin inakhala kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Kulemera kwake kunkafika pa 2270 kg, ndipo girth yake inali masentimita 400.
Daniel (mtundu wa Holstein)
Bull Danieli akufuna kuyika mu Guinness Book of Records monga mtsogoleri wa ng'ombe padziko lonse lapansi. Kutalika kwake pazowola ndi masentimita 194. Nyama imadya chakudya chambiri kuposa anzake. Ng'ombeyo ndi yaitali kuposa masentimita 40 kuposa oyandikana nayo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mtundu wa Holstein siwotchuka chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu. 
Repp (mtundu wa Podolsky)
Chiwerengero cha chiyukireniya cha Chiyukireniya, chinsomba chambewu, chomwe chimayimira mtundu wa Podolsk, chiri ndi masentimita 1.5 ndipo ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa kwambiri. Ndi ng'ombe yaikulu kwambiri komanso yochuluka kwambiri ku CIS. Mu chaka chifukwa cha umuna wake zoposa 50,000 ziwalo za nyama zazing'ono zimabadwa. 
Ng'ombe zazikulu kwambiri zakutchire
Kumtchire, mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zimakhala, zomwe zingadzitamande ndi kutalika kwa thupi. Pafupi nawo iwo adzakhala funso.
Pezani mitundu yanji ya ng'ombe zakutchire zomwe zasungidwa lero.
Gaur (bison wa ku Asia)
Ndilo mtundu wa ng'ombe weniweni. Amagawanika m'madera ena a India, Pakistan, Thailand ndi Cambodia. Fomu yolimidwa imatchedwa "chiwerewere."
Pansi pa chilengedwe, nyama zimakula kwambiri. Kulemera kwake kumakhala ma tani 1.5, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala matani 2. Mapiriwa amakhala masentimita 230, ndipo kutalika kwa nyanga kumakhala masentimita 90. Pakali pano, chiwerengero cha gaurs chimawerengedwa ndi anthu zikwi makumi awiri. M'madera ambiri, mitunduyi ili pangozi. 
Bison (njuchi za ku Ulaya)
Njati za ku Ulaya ndizo mtundu wa njuchi. Poyamba nyamayi inapezeka ku Russia ndi ku Ulaya, koma kale ku Middle Ages, malo a njuchi adachepa. Iwo ankangokhala ku Central ndi Eastern Europe okha. Panopa oimira okhawo okhawo adakhalabe kuthengo, ngakhale kuti mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya amapanga zinyama kuti aziwamasulire kuthengo.
Mukudziwa? Bison sagwirizana bwino ndi ziweto zina zazikulu, ndichifukwa chake m'masungidwe komwe amamera, matupi a kudyetsa nthawi zambiri amapeza matupi a elks, mbawala ndi akavalo. Pachifukwa ichi, nyamayo imakhala ndi mantha ndi anthu komanso kuchitidwa pokhapokha ngati pangozi.Bison ndi malo oweta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ku Ulaya. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, panali anthu omwe unyinji wake unafika pa matani 1.2. Panthawi ya ukapolo, nyama zimakula molemera, mpaka 900 kg. Kutalika kwa nthendayi ya amuna kumafikira masentimita 300, kutalika kwapakati ndi masentimita 190, ndipo chiwerengero cha chifuwacho chimakhala choposa mamita 2.5. Amayi amasiyana mosiyana ndi makulidwe ang'onoang'ono, komanso mafuta a mkaka omwe amadyetsa ana awo. Nthawi zitatu zimakhala zonenepa kuposa ng'ombe.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lathu, anthu a njuchi anali pafupifupi anthu zikwi zitatu. 
Bison wa ku America
Wachibale wapamtima wa njuchi, zomwe ziri za mtundu wa njuchi. Popeza amatha kusokonezana, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mitundu imodzi.
Poyambirira, njati ya ku Amerika inafalikira ku North America, koma panthawiyi malo ake adachepetsedwa. Bison amapezeka kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Missouri. Ku USA, Canada ndi Mexico, nyamayi imatengedwa ngati zakutchire komanso zoweta.
Pezani zomwe zimakondweretsa zokhudzana ndi ng'ombe yamphongo.Kutalika kwa thupi kwa njuchi ndi 250-300 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi 900-1300 kg. Kutalika kwafota kumafikira masentimita 200. Pa nthawi yomweyi, oyimilira a mtunduwo akhoza kufika msinkhu wopitirira 50 km / h (mofulumira kuposa kavalo).
Chiwerengero cha njuchi za ku Amerika, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malonda, ziri pafupi mitu ya theka la milioni. Kumtchire, kulibe anthu oposa 20,000. 
Oimira ziweto zobereketsa ndizoposa zamtundu wawo. Ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe sizidzitamandira osati kukula kodabwitsa, komanso ubwino wa nyama, komanso mkaka wamatulutsa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ntchitoyi siimatha, zomwe zidzathandiza posachedwa kubzala nyama zowonongeka ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero.
