Kawirikawiri, eni ake a akavalo sakudziwa bwino momwe thupi lawo limakhalira. Makamuwo amangosamalira iwo ndi kukwera, popanda kukayikira zoona za nkhani za alangizi odziwa bwino kapena azamwali. Komabe, kuphunzira zochitika za kapangidwe ka mahatchi sizothandiza kokha, komanso zimakondweretsa. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza maso ndi mavuto omwe angakhale nawo.
Maonekedwe ndi mtundu wa maso a kavalo
Mapangidwe a diso la osulates ndi cholinga chozindikira nyama yoyamba - izi ndizo zinyama zomwe zimakhala m'madera otseguka. Maso a akavalo ali pambali pa mutu; Ziri zazikulu kukula ndi wophunzira wamba. 
Taonani mbali zomwe diso liri ndi:
- Cornea - ndi chigoba chodziwika cha mawonekedwe okhwima. Ndi mmenemo kuti kuyang'ana koyambirira kukuchitika.
- Lens - Lenti yomwe imamaliza kukambirana.
- Wophunzira - ndi mbali ya disolo, lozunguliridwa ndi minofu yozungulira (iris), kusintha maonekedwe ake malingana ndi kuunika ndi malo a chinthucho. Hatchi ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
- Retina - potsiriza amawona chithunzichi ndikumayimira chipinda cha chokoma cha chiwalo ichi.
Dzidziwike ndi momwe kavalo amachitira, ndipo makamaka, ndi mawonekedwe a mahatchi ndi mchira wa kavalo.
Pa iris pali maselo a pigment omwe amachititsa mtundu wa maso a akavalo. Kawirikawiri akavalo ali ndi maso a bulauni osiyana. 
Kuwonetsa zooneka
Mbali za mawonekedwe a maso amadziwunikira mwayi wotani pa maonekedwe a mahatchi.
Masewera owonekera
Maonekedwe a maso a kavalo pambali mwa mutu amapereka chinyama chachikulu kwambiri kuposa cha munthu. Pamene mutu ukuleredwa, munda wawonekera umayandikira mzere.
Nyama zambiri zimakhala ndi zidazi, zomwe zingakhale nyama zowonongeka pa nthawi iliyonse, komabe, mahatchi ali ndi zitsulo zamaso zomwe zimayang'ana kutsogolo, zomwe zimapanga malo owonetsera pafupifupi 60 °.
"Malo okongola" pa akavalo ndi opanda pake - samangoona zomwe zikuchitika kumbuyo kwa nape, ayenera kukhala pamphumi ndi pansi pa chibwano. Ndipo kulingalira malo awa, ndikwanira ngakhale kutembenuka pang'ono kwa mutu.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chakudya ku ziboda, ziwalo ndi tsitsi la kavalo.
Chidziwitso ndi kuyang'ana masomphenya
Kuwoneka bwino mu nyama ndikumwamba kuposa anthu. Asayansi amasiku ano amakhulupirira kuti mzere wochepetsetsa umene uli ndi maselo amtunduwu umadutsa retina pakatikati pa diso - dera ili likuzindikira kuwala koposa zonse. 
Kuchita kwake kuli kofanana ndi ntchito ya pakati pa fossa m'diso la munthu. Mfundo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono imathandizira kufufuza zinthu padziko lapansi - izi zimathandiza akavalo kuti azindikire zowonongeka ndi zopinga zomwe zingatheke.
Kodi mitundu imasiyanitsa
Katswiri wina wotchuka amene wakhala akuwona masomphenya kwa akavalo kwa nthawi yaitali, Dr. Brian Timney amakhulupirira kuti akavalo amawoneka ngati anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalingaliro la mtundu.
Iye ali otsimikiza kuti nyama izi zimasiyanitsa wofiira kapena buluu kuchokera ku imvi popanda mavuto. Zokhudzana ndi zobiriwira ndi zachikasu - zotsatira zimatsutsana.
Mukudziwa? Pa masewera a kavalo, mahatchi sangathe kugogoda chovuta, kudumphira pamwamba pake, ngati utoto ulibe mtundu umodzi, koma awiri kapena kuposa.
Komabe, nkutheka kunena molondola kuti akavalo amasiyanitsa mitundu ndi kuchitapo kanthu mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutenga zikho ziwiri, zofiira ndi zamtundu, zomwe zimakhala zofanana, ndipo nthawi zonse mumayika zakudya zokhazokha, bulu amayamba kuzizindikira ndikuyandikira, ndikunyalanyaza zofiira. 
Onani mu mdima
Mu mdima, kavalo amatha kuona bwino kusiyana ndi munthu. Pali maselo ofanana ndi makoswe pafupifupi 20 omwe amawona kuwala kochepa pa diso la kavalo kuposa diso.
Kuonjezera apo, pansi pa retina ya chinyama ichi pali mtundu wa "galasi" wamakristoni a siliva (tapetum). Kuwala komwe kumawonetseredwa kuchokera mmenemo kumadutsa kupyola mu retina, motero kuchepetsa mwayi woti udzadutsa ndi zotenga zakumwa.
Pezani zomwe ziri zodabwitsa pa mitundu ya akavalo: galimoto yolemera Soviet, Trakene, Frisian, Andalusian, Karachai, Falabella, Bashkir, Orlov trotter, Appaloosa, Tinker, Altai.
Ngakhale panthawi yomweyi pali kufalikira kwa mafotokozedwe ofotokoza bwino, sikulepheretsa nyama kuti zikhale bwino kumdima.
Omwe ayenera kuganizira kuti mahatchi sagwirizana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kuunika, kotero iwo akhoza kuchita mantha, nkuti, kuchokera ku udzu kupita ku galimoto yamdima.
Kapangidwe ka zovuta kumapangitsa ziwalo za masomphenya a kavalo kukhala zogwirizana ndi zisonkhezero zakunja, kotero iwo nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira. 
Mahatchi Achilonda A Hatchi
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amalankhula kuti "wathanzi ngati hatchi", nyama zazikuluzi zikhoza kudwala. Ganizirani zizindikiro ndi njira zothandizira matenda opatsirana ambiri.
Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire kavalo ndi ponyoni.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis ndi matenda omwe ali otupa kapena opatsirana.
Zimayambitsa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- diso limakula ndi reddens;
- khungu lawo limakhala lofiira ndi lopsa;
- Kutuluka kwachitsulo cha mtundu wachikasu kapena wobiriwira kumawoneka;
- khungu la khungu kwa nthawi yaitali lidalibe theka lopanda kanthu;
- nyamayo ndi lethargic ndipo imakana kudya.
Choyambirira chiyenera kuchotsa mucous ndi kutsuka ndi 3% yothetsera boric acid kapena potassium permanganate mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 5000. Ngati pus isavomerezedwa, ndiye kuti fodya umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kenako - mafuta opaka ma antibiotic.Mukudziwa? Kuthamanga kavalo pansi, kumene amasangalala kwambiri - osati zosangalatsa zokha. Motero, nyama imayambitsa kusakaza kwa magazi ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu.
Cataract
Cataract ikuwonetseredwa pamtundu wa lens, yomwe imayang'anitsitsa kuwala kwa retina. Mavuto ofanana ndi nthawi amatsogolera ku imfa ya masomphenya.
Zizindikiro ndi izi:
- mawanga oyera pamtunda wa diso;
- kusawona bwino;
Zowonongeka uveitis
Matendawa, omwe amatchedwanso "khungu la mwezi," ndi vuto lofala lomwe limayambitsa maonekedwe akuluakulu. Zikuwoneka ngati mawonekedwe a episodic intraocular inflammations, omwe amayamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikupita nthawi yaitali. Uveitis ukhoza kuyambitsa kupweteka kwachiwiri - mwachitsanzo, kungayambitse zilonda zakutchire ndikupanganso kuti uveitis.
Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire bwino akavalo.Matendawa akuwonetseredwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- chowombera;
- chisokonezo cha wophunzira;
- malo ochepa pa wophunzira;
- the cornea ndi yotsekemera, buluu.
Ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito:- madontho a steroid - pofuna kuchotsa kutupa;
- atropine - kupumula kupweteka;
- maantibayotiki - pochiza matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti chithandizo cha maso chikugwiritsidwe ntchito kokha mafuta onunkhira ndi zolembedwa "Kugwiritsa ntchito ophthalmic" - mwinamwake, mukhoza kuwononga kwambiri nyama.
Mitseke yowonongeka
Kutuluka kwa misonzi mumphuno yamphongo kumapezeka kudzera mu ndondomeko yotsekemera, yomwe imakhala yopyapyala kwambiri ndipo imatha kuwonongeka kapena kuvekedwa mosavuta, yomwe imathandiza kuti misozi isagwe.
Kutsekedwa kwa madontho a misozi kumasonyezedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- maso;
- akusefukira ndi misozi ya chikopa;
- kupweteka kwa tsitsi kumutu kwa chikopa.
Mankhwalawa amatsukidwa bwino ndi maso ndi kasupe wosaphika; Matendawa amasonyeza kugwiritsa ntchito madontho a maso ndi antibiotic zomwe zimapangidwa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, veterinarian akhoza kusambitsa mazira, koma njirayi ndi yosavuta, yomwe imachitidwa ndi sedation (anesthesia).Pezani ngati matenda ochepetsa matenda opatsirana amachizidwa pamahatchi.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma ndi imodzi mwa zilonda zoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza maso. Matendawa amadziwoneka ngati mawonekedwe kapena zowamba pa khungu kapena pamwamba pa diso.
Zizindikiro zazikulu:
- kuwonongeka pamphepete mwa khungu la pansi ndi kunja kwa diso;
- kukula kwa chipika chachitsulo kapena mfundo yozungulira;
- kufalikira kwa kutupa m'magazi oyandikana naye.
Sarcomas ndi khansa ya khansa
Mitundu iŵiriyi ya zotupa zingathe kukhudza maso ndi minofu yozungulira.
Mutha kuzipeza ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- edema wa eyelid pamwamba;
- kuwonetsa;
- maonekedwe a minofu;
- kutuluka kwa diso la diso;
- osati kutseka zaka;
- maonekedwe a zilonda pa cornea.
Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire bavalo nokha.
Corneal chilonda
Kornea imateteza mkati mwa diso kuti isawonongedwe, koma nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi izi.
Vuto lililonse lokhudzana nalo ndilopweteka kwambiri ndipo limayambitsa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kudula nthawi zambiri;
- kuwonetsa nthawi zonse;
- kusokoneza maso;
- kupweteka;
- kusintha mu mawonekedwe a wophunzira;
- kupuma;
- masomphenya ochepa
Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala chovuta komanso chimakhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso osokoneza bongo. Kuvulala kwakukulu, microsurgery ikuchitika.Ndikofunikira! Musagwiritsire ntchito mafuta kapena madontho, omwe ali ndi cortisone mu malembawo, popanda kudziwa zambiri za kukhalapo kwa chilonda cham'mimba. - Pamaso pa chilonda, chinthuchi chimapangitsa vutoli kukhala lovuta.
Nchifukwa chiyani mahatchi amaonetsetsa kuti akuyang'ana pamasewera a kavalo komanso pamagalimoto
Ngakhale mphamvu ndi mphamvu, mahatchi ndi nyama zamanyazi. Pofuna kuteteza mitsempha ya manjenje yamantha kuchokera kunja, anthu amapanga akhungu - zikopa zapadera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulepheretsa masomphenya. Zapangidwa ndi pulasitiki, ubweya wa nkhosa kapena chikopa. Zida zotere zimathandiza hatchi kuti ikhale yotetezedwa, yosonkhanitsidwa komanso yowonjezera. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu komanso nthawi yovala zovala m'malo otanganidwa, komanso mahatchi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto.
Kuwonjezera pa opunduka, amagwiritsa ntchito makina - zipangizo zomwe zimatseketsa maso kumbali ndikulola kavalo kuyang'ana patsogolo. Zimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yokhazikika. Amafunikanso kuti dothi lisalowe m'maso pakadumphira, kapena kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa kuwala kumaso malinga ndi umboni wa veterinarian. 
Choncho, kusamalira chitetezo cha akavalo ndi ntchito yofunikira kwa eni ake. Kuti muchepetse mavuto, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lazinyama zanu, ponena za dokotala pooneka koyamba kwa zizindikiro zoopsa.
