Chitsamba chodabwitsa chachilendo Aukuba Chijapani chimakopa alimi a maluwa ndi mtundu wa masamba oyambirira - tsamba lililonse ndi luso lojambula bwino, lodzaza ndi golide wamtengo wapatali.
Koma, monga nthumwi yamadzi ozizira, zomera zimayenera kukonza zofunikira. Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire bwino exotica mu nyumba yabwino, ndi momwe mungachulukitsire.
Malongosoledwe a botanical a zomera
Japanese Aukuba, kapena, monga momwe imatchedwa, mtengo wa golide, ndi shrub yosatha yomwe chilengedwe chake chimakhala chinyezi. Pansi pa chilengedwe, duwa limakula ku Korea, Himalayas, People's Republic of China. Chikhalidwe chawo - Japan, komwe kunachokera dzina lovomerezeka.
Aukuba imakula ngati mtundu wa shrub kapena mtengo. Mu chilengedwe, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mamita 4-5, m'nyumba - mamita awiri pa mzere. Chomeracho ndi cha nthambi zambiri, makungwa ake ndi osalala, amdima wobiriwira, ndi zofiira zofiira kapena zofiira. Masamba ndi ochulukirapo, okonzeka kukhudza, osakanizidwa, ali ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate; Iwo amadziwika ndi khola lapaderadera pamtambo waukulu. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 50-80 mm, m'lifupi - 20-50 mm.
Aukuba ndi chomera cha dioecious, panthawi ya maluwa imakhala maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mamita 4-8 mm, omwe ali ndi mabala anayi a mtundu wofiirira ndi wofiira. Pa 10-14 maluwa kupanga inflorescences ya ambulera mtundu. M'malo mwa maluwa, zipatso zimapangidwanso - zokongola kwambiri zofiira kapena lalanje, ndi mamita khumi mpaka 10 mm, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zipatso za dogwood. Mkati mwa chipatso chirichonse ndi mbewu imodzi. Zipatso zosakongola - zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Pansi pa zinthu zowonongeka, chomeracho sichitha pachimake, chifukwa tchire amafunika kupanga mazira ambiri: mtundu wamwamuna ndi wamkazi.
Zomwe zimakulira kunyumba
Popeza malo amtundu wambiri ndi malo obadwira a aucubus, pofuna kuti mbeu ikhale bwino m'nyumba, imayenera kuyandikana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Exot imadziwika kuti imatulutsa kuwala ndipo imatha kukula mumthunzi komanso pamalo amdima. Komabe, kukula kwa kuwala kudzazindikira mtundu wa masamba ake: ndi kuwala kokwanira, masamba amakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino okongola a golidi ndikuwonjezera kukula kwake kwa mawanga pa tsamba. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo kuwala kuyenera kukhala kowala, koma kusokonezeka.
Kuwonetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumayambitsa kuyaka pa masamba. Malo abwino kwambiri a malo odyera mkati ndikummawa kapena kumadzulo kwa nyumbayo. M'nyengo yotentha, aukubu ikhoza kutulutsidwa pakhomo, kutetezedwa ku dzuwa ndi mazenera. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyiike pamalo abwino.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi
Maluwa okongola amasankha zizindikiro za kutentha, zomwe zimakhala 18-21 ° С, komanso m'nyengo yozizira - 13-14 ° С, koma sizitali kuposa 6 ° С. Mtengo wa golide ndi umene umasokoneza kutentha kwakukulu, choncho kutentha kwakukulu mu chilimwe kuyenera kukhala + 21 ° С, pamene msinkhu uwu utadutsa, chitsamba chidzayamba kufalikira masamba ndipo mwamsanga adzatayika.
Pamodzi ndi zizindikiro za kutentha, m'pofunika kuyendetsa msinkhu wachinyezi mu chipinda. M'chilimwe, mu kutentha kwakukulu, chomeracho chiyenera kukhala nthawi zonse sprayed ndi botolo la kutsitsi. Zitsamba zomwe zimakula mu ozizira microclimate m'nyengo yozizira sizikusowa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwakukulu kuphatikiza ndi kutentha kwapansi kungakhale malo abwino kwa chitukuko cha matenda a fungal.
Kusamalira kwanu
Ngakhale kuti chiyambi chochokera ku aucakura, kusamalira sikovuta monga zikuwonekera poyamba.
Kusamba malamulo
Mfundo yaikulu yothirira kuthira ndi kusunga nthaka mu khola, mu nthaka yonyowa. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa bwino nthaka, ndi kuteteza chinyezi chake chochuluka, chomwe chingayambitse mizu.
Ntchito za ulimi wothirira zimachitika molingana ndi nyengo: m'nyengo yachilimwe, madzi amakhala ochulukirapo, akuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa pamwamba pa nthaka, m'nyengo yozizira - moyenera, ndi madzi pang'ono. Exot ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha mvula yopanda chilala, koma ndi kuchepa nthawi zonse kwa chinyontho, masamba ake anayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kutaya mtundu wolemera ndi kugwa.
Kwa humidification, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa, olekanitsa kutentha. Chikhalidwe cha madzi mwachindunji pansi pazu, kuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi sichigwa pa masamba ndi zimayambira. Pambuyo pa 10-15 mphindi mutatha kuthira madzi, madzi ochulukirapo a poto ayenera kuthiridwa.
Kupaka pamwamba
Akatswiri amati amalumikizana pamodzi ndi zakudya zowonjezera. Aukuba amafunikira kwambiri feteleza pa nthawi ya kukula, yogwiritsa ntchito mvula.
Mukudziwa? Ku Ulaya, zosowa zinabwera m'zaka zoyambirira za XVIII. Komabe, unakhala mtundu wa mtundu wa shrub umene sunabereke zipatso panthawi ya kukula. Pambuyo pake, katswiri wazitsamba wochokera ku Britain, Robert Fortune, anatha kuyambitsa mtengo wamwamuna ndi wamwamuna, kumera chomera chatsopano kuchokera kwa iwo ndikusankha zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zobereka.Zokonzekera zothetsera mineral, organic kapena zovuta kukonzekera ndizoyenera kuvala pamwamba, zoyamba ziwiri zomwe zikuwonjezeredwa. The mulingo woyenera ndondomeko ya kudya exot amaonedwa kamodzi masiku 10-14. M'nyengo yozizira, panthawi yopuma, feteleza sikofunikira.
Kudulira
Popeza chikhalidwe chimagawidwa ngati nthambi zambiri, zimadalira kudulira ndi kukonzanso zowonongeka. Ndibwino kuti muyambe kugwira ntchito yodula nthambi nthawi yomweyo mutatha kuika chomera mu chidebe china, kapena nthawi ya masika, ngati maluwawo sali kuzizira.
Mbewu zazing'ono panthawi yodulira "kutsina" pamwamba, komanso mphukira zazing'ono. Okalamba akuluakulu, okalamba, owuma, ofooka, oonongeka ndi akuluakulu akudulidwa. Njira zoterezi zimakulolani kupanga shrub yokongola, yoyera ndi malemba oyenera, mwinamwake imakula msanga mpaka kukula kwakukulu ndipo imakhala yopanda pake.
Kuwaza
Achinyamata ambiri, omwe amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu, amafunika kuikidwa chaka chilichonse, akuluakulu ayenera kuikidwa ngati mizu ikukula, kamodzi pa zaka 3-4. Zitsanzo zina zimatha "kukhala bwino" mumphika umodzi kwa zaka 10.
Ndikofunikira! Chomeracho chimakhala ndi mizu yovuta kwambiri, yomwe imatha kuonongeka mosavuta patsiku lopatsirizidwa, choncho njira zoterezi ziyenera kuchitidwa mwa njira yosinthira.
Kwa exotics, gawo losalala, lotayirira ndi lopatsa thanzi, lodziwika ndi bwino air breathing, limasankhidwa.
Zokongola zapadziko lonse kapena zosakaniza zopanga zopangidwa, zopangidwa ndi:
- peat, mchenga, tsamba ndi malo a sod, osakanikirana ndi kuchuluka kwa 2: 1: 2: 6;
- masamba, sod land, humus, peat ndi mchenga wa mtsinje wothira imodzi.
Momwe ntchito ya aukuba ikulembedwera sizimasiyana ndi yachiwiri:
- Sankhani thanki kuti ikamatuluke. Iyenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira komanso yayikulu.
- Pansi pa mphika uli ndi dothi losakanikirana la dongo, miyala yaying'ono kapena miyala yochepa.
- Pamwamba pa mpweya wosanjikiza kugona kwa gawo lapansi.
- Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mosamala kuchokera ku thanki yakale ndipo njira yosamutsira imayikidwa mu chidebe chatsopano.
- Chitsamba chimakhala ndi dothi losakanizika bwino, bwino.
Kufunika kokwelera wamkulu akukuba kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mizu yosiyana yomwe yayamba kutuluka mu mphika.
Kuswana
Kunyumba, kusonkhanitsa kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yokwera mtengo yopangira zosowa. Mbewu njira ya kulima siigwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa chosatheka kupeza mbewu.
Cuttings
N'zotheka kukonzekera cuttings kwa kubereka kwa aucubus m'nthawi yonse ya kukula kwake. Shrub imadulidwa paphesi ndi masamba awiri, masambawa amachiritsidwa ndi makala ophwanyika.
Kenaka, ndondomekoyi ikuchokera pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- Zidutswa zimayikidwa kwa mphindi zingapo mu njira yothetsera madzi ndi piritsi limodzi lopangidwa ndi mpweya.
- Mizu cuttings mu chonyowa mchenga-peat osakaniza.
- Chidebecho chimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Pamaso pa maonekedwe a masamba oyambirira, kutentha kumakhala pa 20-22 ° C.
- Pambuyo popanga masamba 2-3 masamba, cuttings amaikidwa miphika yosiyana.
Zomera zamasamba ziyenera kupereka zopambana, kusamalidwa kwathunthu.
Chokongoletsera china cha nyumba yanu chikhoza kukhala chomera chomera kwambiri Alokaziya mizu yayikulu.
Mbewu
Pofuna kubzala aukuba ndi mbeu, ziyenera kukhala ndi zomera ziwiri zogonana zogonana zogonana kumene kuli kofunika kuti zizikhala bwino. Kuchita izi kumafuna luso linalake ndi chidziwitso, kotero njira iyi pamalo okhalamo sakuyendetsedwa.
Zopeka, mbeu yothandizira ingatheke ngati mutatsatira njirayi:
- chifukwa chodzala amasankha mbewu zabwino kwambiri. Mbewu imataya mwamsanga kumera ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi ikhoza kutaya makhalidwe ake;
- Mbeu zimabzalidwa muzitsamba zamadzi;
- Masimidwe akugona ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka gawo lapansi, mosimitsa pamwamba ndi mfuti yachitsulo;
- Mphamvu ndi mbewu zimaphimbidwa ndi filimu ya polyethylene, imapereka kutentha + 21-22 ° С ndi chinyezi chinyezi;
- Patangopita miyezi ingapo, atangomveka mphukira ndikupanga masamba atatu, zimamera m'magawo osiyana.
Mukudziwa? Akatswiri a Esoteric amakhulupirira kuti aucuba ingakopetse chuma ndi chimwemwe kunyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, zimathandiza mwiniwake kukhala wodzidalira, choncho zimathandiza kumupatsa anthu odzichepetsa komanso amanyazi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Pofuna kulima alimi a maluwa a aucubus akhoza kukumana ndi mavuto angapo omwe amayamba pamene malamulo oyambirira osamalira zonyansa sakutsatiridwa. Choopsa chachikulu pa chomeracho ndi chovunda, chomwe chimadziwika ngati mawanga wakuda pa mbale za masamba. Kukonzekeretsa mosavuta njira za kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba kumathandiza kuthana nazo. Pa milandu yapamwamba kwambiri, chithandizo cha maluwa chidzafuna kuchotsedwa kwa malo ovunda ndi mankhwala a mizu ndi systemic fungicides.
Ponena za kuwonongeka kwa matenda a zomera zimatsimikiziridwa ndi maonekedwe ake:
- tsamba likugwa ndi chikasu - kusowa chinyezi ndi kutentha kwakukulu;
- Kutaya masamba ofiira - Kuunikira kwakukulu, kutuluka kwa dzuwa;
- masamba akuchepa - kusowa mavitamini ndi zakudya m'nthaka;
- Kugwa ndi chikasu m'munsi wa masamba - lakuthwa kutentha kudumpha, mosalekeza moistening.
Nthawi zina zomera zimakhudzidwa:
- Kangaude mite. Kuwonetsedwa mwa mawonekedwe a maphunziro kuchokera pansi pa pepala la pepala loyera, loyera.
- Shield N'zosavuta kuzindikira ndi kukhalapo kwa tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono ta bulauni pa zimayambira.
- Whitefly. Zizindikiro za "mliri" zimakhala ndi ntchentche pa masamba ndi kupezeka kwa ntchentche zoyera pamwamba pa chitsamba.
Ndichofunika kwambiri kuti nthawi zonse muzifufuza masamba kuti zikhale zovuta. Kukonzekera kwa tizilombo zamakono zamasiku ano kumathandiza kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Japanese Aukuba amayenera kutchuka ndi kufunika pakati pa wamaluwa. Zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zimakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino, ndipo zimadziwika ndi kulekerera kwa mthunzi wabwino ndi kukana chilala, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera nyumba za mkati, komanso kubzala minda yamaluwa, midzi ya maluwa, ndi mapaki.
