Kodi mungamere bwanji mitengo yamaluwa?

Sitikukayikitsa kuti padzakhalanso wolima maluwa mmodzi yemwe sangakhale ndi chidwi chokhala ndi orchid mumodzi mwa zomera zokongola komanso zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi m'munda wa maluwa ake. Komabe, ena amawopa kuti ndi operewera. Ena amaopa kuvutika pobereka. Nkhaniyi ndi ya iwo omwe akufuna kudziwa ngati kuli kotheka kufalitsa maluwa a orchid mu njira ya mbewu.

Zamkatimu:

• Migwirizano ndi zifukwa zabwino zokhala pakhomo
• Kukonzekera kukwera
• Mmene mungamere ndikukula mbewu
• M'phika kumuika
• Aftercare
• Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ndi matenda

Makhalidwe a maluwa

Orchid imayikidwa ngati banja la Orchid. Ichi ndi chomera chamaluwa, chomwe lero chimayimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, yosiyana ndi kukula kwake, kukula, mawonekedwe ndi maluwa. Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu pafupifupi 25,000. Chifukwa cha kuyesera kwa obereketsa, pafupifupi mitundu zikwi zana za haibridi zinawonekera.

Mizu ya chikhalidwe ichi imakula kwambiri. Zimapanga mbali zambiri ndi mizu ya mpweya.

Kutalika kwa tsinde kungakhale kosiyana. Pali mitundu yaying'ono, yomwe imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 30, ndi wamtali, pomwe tsinde limakula kufika mamita 1.

Inflorescences amapangidwa ngati burashi pamlendo kapena mwala. Kulemera kwake kwa maluwa omwe anaikidwa mu inflorescence ndi 25 masentimita. Zilondazo ndi zoyera, pinki, zofiirira, lilac, chikasu, zakuda, zomwe zimakhala ndi zizindikiro monga zikwapu, madontho. Maluwa ali ndi fungo losangalatsa.

M'chikhalidwe cha chipinda munali mitundu iwiri ya orchid:

1. Momwemo - Tsinde liri mmwamba.
2. Kusasamala - Tsinde limakula pang'onopang'ono.

Mukudziwa? M'chilengedwe, pali mitundu ya ma orchids yomwe sitingathe kudziimira yekhayokha. Amayendetsa moyo wautali - kukhazikika pa zomera zina, kulowa mu ziwalo zawo mycelium, yomwe ili pamidzi, ndipo potero amalandira zakudya zowonjezera.

Migwirizano ndi zifukwa zabwino zokhala pakhomo

Orchid ikhoza kufalikira m'njira zisanu:

• phokoso;
• rooting peduncle m'madzi;
• mipangidwe ya mpweya;
• nthambi ya ana;
• mbewu.

Njira yomaliza ndiyo nthawi yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito komanso yaitali. Ndi oyenera kwa anthu omwe amakonda kwambiri munda wamaluwa, akhoza kupatula nthawi kuti apeze njirayi ndikukhala oleza mtima. Maluwa mu zomera zowonjezeredwa ndi mbeu imapezeka zaka 4-5 mutabzala.

Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti obereketsa sankatha kufalitsa orchid kwa nthawi yaitali mu njira ya mbewu. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti mbewu za maluwa amenewa ndizochepa kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kusonkhanitsa ndi kubzala, kupatula iwo ali ndi zochepa kwambiri za kumera. Mu 1903, katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi ya ku France dzina lake Noel Bernard anatsimikiza kuti mbeu za orchid sizikulira, chifukwa zimasowa zakudya zowonjezera. Zinali zotheka kuti zizitha kumera ndi kungopereka tizilombo tochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, wasayansi anatha kupeza mbande zoyamba za maluwa.

Lero, kuti amere mbewu, zimabzalidwa mu zakudya zosakaniza. Kufika kumachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo. Mu chipinda chomwe kumera kumayendetsedwa, nkofunika kukhala ndi kutentha + 25 ... + 28 ° С, chinyezi 70% ndi tsiku lowala kwa maola 14. Zinthu zoterezi zingapezeke mwa kupanga mini-wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha.

Kukonzekera kukwera

Pofuna kubalidwa ndi njira ya mbeu, chidziwitso chidzafunikila:

• mbewu;
• zakudya zopatsa thanzi;
• mphamvu ya kumera ndi pick.

Mbewu ingagulidwe pa intaneti. Ndalama yaikulu yopereka mbewu ndi China. Mtengo wake si wotchipa. Mwachitsanzo, ma PC 40. Mbewu ya Phalaenopsis (imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya orchid) ingagulidwe kwa ma 3.50 euro. Kawirikawiri mbewu imaperekedwa ndi malangizo obzala. Wopanga amasonyeza kuti kumera mbewu ndi 80%.

Mbewu ingapezekenso kuchokera ku chomera chomwe chiripo, koma chifukwa cha ichi, pollination yopangira mazira iyenera kuchitidwa.

Onaninso momwe mungapezere orchid pachimake.

Kulima mbewu sikunapangidwe mabokosi, koma mumagalasi a magalasi kapena mitsuko yokhala ndi zivindikiro. Mafuta akhoza kugulitsidwa pa sitolo yapadera.

Mbande ya kumera ndi yachilendo - iyenera kukhala agar-agar, Lewis Knudson kapena moss-sphagnum. Kukula mu gawo lotsiriza la substrate - sphagnum - kungakhale kovuta chifukwa ndi kovuta kuti likhale lopanda kanthu komanso limakhala labwino.

Kulima kumakhala kosabala.

Kwa ichi muyenera:

1. Onetsetsani ma flask kapena mitsuko ndi zivindi, monga kusungirako - kuwonetsera kuwira, kutentha, kuyaka mu uvuni kapena microwave. Kutalika kwa njira yosawiritsira ndi mphindi 30-40. Mu microwave mu mphamvu yonse - 3-5 mphindi.
2. Mu agar-agar (10-15 g) kutsanulira madzi kuti iwononge.
3. Bweretsani kuwira madzi otsekemera (200 ml).
4. Kutentha kwa agar-agar, shuga (10 g), fructose (10 g) m'madzi otentha. Ndikumangokhalira kuyambitsa, sungunulani zitsulo zonse.
5. Pofuna kukwaniritsa acidity ya 4.8-5.2 pH, jekeseni dontho 1 la potassium carbonate kapena potashi yankho, orthophosphoric acid. PH iyenera kufufuzidwa ndi pepala la litmus, lomwe liyenera kugulidwa pasadakhale pa sitolo yapadera.
6. Thirani yankho lotentha mu flasks kapena mitsuko.
7. Tsekani zitsulo ndi zivindikiro.
8. Ikani mu kapu ya madzi ndi madzi kwa mphindi 30.
9. Onetsetsani kuti sterility is by closing the containers ndi thonje ndikusiya iwo malowa kwa masiku asanu.
10. Mphindi 10 musanabzala mbewu mu gawo lapansi la zakudya, ziyenera kuloledwa mu chlorine (10 g CaCl² / 100 ml madzi).

Ndikofunikira! Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa kokha mu gawo lapansi lomwe lapambana mayesero kuti akhale ochepa. Ngati patapita masiku asanu nkhungu imapangidwa, siziyenera kubzala. Amafuna kukonzekera gawo latsopano.

Mmene mungamere ndikukula mbewu

Kufesa ndi kofunikanso kulenga zovuta.

Izi zachitika motere:

1. Mafuta kapena mitsuko amaikidwa mu latti, yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba pa nthunzi yotuluka madzi otentha.
2. Zosakaniza zowonjezereka.
3. Mbeu zimatengedwa ndi zofiira ndipo zimayikidwa mu botolo, lomwe limagwedezeka nthawi zonse kuti mbeu imagawidwe mofanana mu gawo.
4. Makhalidwe amatsekedwa ndi zophimba.
5. Amaikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, mini-wowonjezera kutentha kapena chipinda chomwe chili ndi microclimate.

Nthawi yoti ziphuphu zidzatuluke zimadalira mitundu yomwe ikukula. Ena amatha mwezi umodzi, maonekedwe a ena ayenera kuyembekezera pafupifupi chaka. Zikuyamba poyamba zimafanana ndi mipira yaying'ono. Ndiye iwo amawonekera mapepala, ndipo pokhapo mizu.

Chaka chotsatira, ziphuphu ziyenera kuyendayenda, mwachitsanzo, zakhala m'magawo osiyana, mu nthaka yomwe siidali yopanda kanthu. Chifukwa chaichi, magalasi omwe amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki. Amadzaza ndi sphagnum moss, yomwe imasakanizidwa ndi mizu ya fern ndi pine yofanana ndi yowonongeka yamoto (mapiritsi 10/1 l ya gawo lapansi). Theka la ora zisanafike, zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi otentha.

Tekeni yamakono yosankha ndi iyi:

1. Zimamera kuchoka ku mabotolo pogwiritsa ntchito forceps mu kuyenda kozungulira. Ngati izi ziri zovuta, gawo lapansi lidzaza ndi madzi otentha ndikuyembekezera kuti likhale madzi.
2. Mphukira iliyonse imachotsedwa imayikidwa mu chikho chimodzi.
3. Mphamvu imayikidwa mu nyengo yotentha.
4. M'tsogolomu, ziphuphu ziyenera kukhala nthawi zonse, ngati n'kofunika, zimapulumukira ku mfuti yachitsulo ndi madzi ofunda otentha.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito cytokinin phala pofuna kubereka orchids.

M'phika kumuika

Chomera chimamera mumtunda wambiri ndipo poto yosatha ikhoza kukhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutatha kusankha. Kubzala kudzapeza chomera cha ceramic kapena pulasitiki molingana ndi kukula kwa rhizome.

Nthaka imatha kugulanso m'sitolo. Ndikofunika kusankha magawo omwe amanyamulawo amatchulidwa "Pakuti ma orchids". Ndikofunika kuti dothi likhale losalala, lotayirira, ndi chinyezi chabwino komanso mpweya wabwino. Ikhozanso kuthandizidwa ndi dzanja.

Pali njira zingapo zokonzekera zosakaniza, malingana ndi mitundu yomwe ikukula:

1. Makala (1 mbali) + pine makungwa (magawo asanu).
2. Makungwa a pinini (magawo asanu) + moss sphagnum (magawo awiri) + makala (gawo limodzi).
3. Humus (magawo atatu) + peat (1 mbali) + makala (gawo limodzi) + conifer makungwa (gawo 1).

Ngati dothi lagulidwa m'sitolo, ndiye kuti simusowa kuchizira. Okonzanso adasamalira izi. Sakanizani, yophika ndi manja ake, kuti mutetezedwe. Mukhoza kuigwiritsa ntchito kwa theka la ora pamtunda, wiritsani, ponyani mu uvuni kapena microwave, kutsanulira 1% yankho la manganese kapena, nthawi zambiri, madzi otentha. Musanadzalemo kumera m'nthaka yonyowa, iyenera kusungidwa masiku 3-4 kuti iume.

Kudzala maluwa am'maluwa mu mphika wosatha, muyenera:

1. Thirani madzi okwanira pansi pa mphika kuti mutenge 1/4 ya thanki. Monga momwe ntchito yosungira ntchito imagwiritsira ntchito claydite, njerwa yosweka, yosweka mwala.
2. Thirani dothi la nthaka pa ngalande.
3. Mphukira kuika pakati pa mphika.
4. Phulani mizu.
5. Lembani zosowa ndi dziko lapansi, kusiya 1.5-2 masentimita pamphepete mwa mphika.
6. Pangani palmu zowononga bwino.
7. Moisturize

Phunzirani momwe mungamwetsere orchid kunyumba.

Aftercare

Kuti maluwa a orchid apite bwino muyenera kuyatsa kowala komanso kosatha, kuthirira madzi apamwamba, nthawi zambiri mpweya wabwino.

Kuunikira kuyenera kukhala kowala, koma kusokonezeka. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhala kosiyana ndi maluwa. Tsiku lowala liyenera kukhala la maola 12 mpaka 14. M'nyengo yozizira, chomera chamkati chiyenera kukula ndi kuwala kochokera ku nyali za fulorosenti.

Kuunikira kokongola kungapezeke ngati mukukula orchid kumadzulo ndi kumadzulo kwawindo. Kumbali yakumwera, kuwala kumayenera kusokonezeka, ndipo chomera chimakhala mthunzi. Mitundu ina imatha kukula kumbali ya kumpoto, koma malo ambiri sangathe kukula - kaya ataya kukongoletsa kapena amafota.

M'chaka ndi chilimwe, orchid imamva bwino pamatentha a 20 ... + 25 ° С. Pamwamba pa mitengo, mitundu yambiri imakana kukangama. M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limasowa nthawi yayitali ndi kuchepa kwa 16%. Chinyezi chaka chonse chiyenera kusungidwa pa 60-70%. Zigawo zoterezi zingapezeke mwa kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse, kugwira ntchito yokonza zinthu, kuika mphika pamphuno ndi miyala yowonongeka. Mukapopera mbewu mankhwalawa muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madontho asagwere pa ziwalo za mbewu, chifukwa izi zimawonekera ku mawanga.

Kuthirira maluwa umachitika mwamsanga pamene topsoil dries - nthawi zambiri 2-3 pa sabata. Mu nthawi yotsala, padzakhala nthawi yokwanira 1 masabata 1-1.5.

Ndikofunikira! Pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa kuthirira kukumbukiridwa kuti orchid imalekerera mvula yanthaŵi yochepa, yosasamala ndi chinyezi chokhazikika. Ngakhalenso maulendo amfupi amatsogolera ku imfa ya mbewu.

Sungani maluwa a chipinda ndi madzi a matepi kudutsa mu fyuluta yomwe imachotsa chlorini ndi zosavulaza zoipa, kapena zakhazikika kwa masiku 1-2.

Maluwawo amasangalala nthawi zonse komanso nthawi yaitali maluwa, nthawi zonse amadyetsedwa. Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyengo yokula - kuyambira kasupe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa autumn, 1 nthawi mu masabata awiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza padziko lonse: Agricola, Kemiru Universal, Dokotala FOLI Starter, Mister Color - Wagon, kapena maonekedwe omwe apangidwira chikhalidwechi, Mwachitsanzo, Bambo Color Orchid, Dokotala FOLI Orchid.

Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira. Apo ayi, pali ngozi yotentha mizu. Mitengo yodwala siimuna, panthawi ya mpumulo komanso yomwe idasindikizidwa pasanathe mwezi umodzi wapitawo.

Orchid imalekerera kusamba bwino. Kotero, izo zimapangidwa kokha ngati njira yotsiriza mwa njira ya kusintha. Kuti musasokoneze kukongola kosamveka kachiwiri, ndibwino kuti mukhale watsopano watsopano chaka chilichonse.

Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ndi matenda

Ngati mapulani a microclimate akuphwanyidwa kapena zosamalidwa sizikusamalidwa, duwa limataya zotsatira zake zokongoletsera, limayamba kupweteka kapena kuthandizidwa ndi tizilombo towononga.

Pa matenda, orchid amatha kuwopsyeza mizu zowola. Zimakhudza chomera, ngati nthawi zambiri chimatsanulidwa ndikusungidwa mu nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Maluwawo amafota, masamba ake amagwa. Kuti amupulumutse, kufunika kofulumira kuziika. Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mu mphika, kudula mizu yodwala, ndi kuchiritsidwa bwino ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi a potassium permanganate kapena any systemic fungicide. Malo pambuyo pochepetsa mizu ndi ufa ndi wosweka wonyezimira makala kapena makala. Chomera choterechi chimayikidwa mu nthaka yatsopano ndi mphika.

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungapewere ndi kuchitira ma orchid matenda.

Mwa tizirombo to orchids ndi owopsa kwambiri:

1. Kangaude mite. Ichi ndi tizilombo toyamwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a 0.1-0.2 masentimita mu kukula, zomwe zimakhazikika pa zomera zomwe zimakula pa kutentha ndi kuchepa. Ikhoza kukhala yakuda kapena yofiira. Mu njira ya moyo achoka masambawo pa intaneti. Chomeracho chimayang'ana kumaso kwake ndi chikasu ndi kutaya masamba, maonekedwe a bulauni pamasamba. Pochiza duwa, imayenera kupopedwa ndi adyo Tingafinye, yoperekedwa ndi Apollo, Flumaite, Sunmite acaricides.

2. Mealybug. Ngati kachirombo kakang'ono kamene kakakhala kakulidwe ka 0.2-0.5 masentimita, thupi lake limaphimbidwa ndi zoyera pachimake ndi tsitsi, limayang'ana pa duwa, ndiye ichi ndi mealybug. Pakuchita ntchito yake yovulaza, amachoka panthaka ndikusunga zobisika za mtundu woyera zomwe zimawoneka ngati zidutswa za ubweya wa thonje. Iyo ikakhala pa duwa, imachepetsanso kapena imasiya kukula. Kuchepetsa chikhalidwe cha m'nyumba kumatha kuchiritsidwa ndi adyo, kulowetsedwa kwa fodya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "Intavir", "Fufanon", "Decis".

3. Shchitovka. Tizilombo tingathe kudziwika ndi chipolopolo cholimba kumbuyo. Amasiya madzi amchere pamtunda. Amamenya nkhondoyo pamanja - amaipaka ndi burashi. Komanso perekani chithandizo ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi a acetic acid, adyo. Ngati matendawa ndi aakulu, ndiye kuti mankhwala ayenera kugwirizana ndi "Fitoverm", "Aktellik", "Metafos".

4. Aphid. Izi ndi tizilombo toyamwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi thupi lobiriwira kapena lakuda. Mwinamwake ndi mapiko kapena opanda iwo. Aphid imamwa madzi kuchokera ku duwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zimafalikira, masamba ake amatembenukira chikasu ndi kuwuma. Tizilombo tawonongeka ndi sopo kusamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

5. Ntchentche yoyera. Ndigulugufe kakang'ono kokhala ndi mapiko oyera. Maphutsi ake amadya masamba. Ndikofunika kuchiza chomera chokhudzana ndi fodya, mankhwala "Actellic", "Inta-Vir", "Fitoverm", "Aktara".

Ndi zolakwika mu chisamaliro ndi kusungirako chikhalidwe chikhalidwe zingaoneke kusintha kusintha mawonekedwe:

1. Mapepala amdima. Chizindikiro ichi chimasonyeza kuti duwa limakula pang'onopang'ono. Phika ayenera kusunthira kumalo okongola kapena kuwala kwina kuyenera kukonzedwa.
2. Mapepala ofiira, amawonekera mabala a bulauni. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha zotsatira zovulaza za kuwala kwa dzuwa. Chomeracho chiyenera kutengeka kapena kupita kumalo ndi kuwala kozungulira.
3. Panali malire ofiira pamphepete mwa mapepala. Kusintha uku kumasonyeza kutsika kwa chinyezi. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera chiwerengerochi, kawirikawiri imatulutsa maluwa.
4. Mabotolo amagwera pansi, osati kuwululidwa. Chenjerani ziyenera kulipidwa kufupipafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira, chifukwa ichi ndi chizindikiro cha chinyezi chochuluka.
5. Chomera sichimasula maluwa. Zifukwa za kusowa kwa maluwa ndi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, vutoli limapezeka pamene maluwa ndi mdima kwambiri.
6. Mapepala otsika. Makhalidwe amenewa ndi ofanana ndi chomera chomwe chimadzaza kapena chikhoza kukhala ndi matenda a fungal. Zidzakhala zowonjezereka kuti zouma nthaka ndi kuchitira nthaka ndi njira iliyonse ya fungicide.

Mukudziwa? Maluwa okwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lonse amawoneka ngati orchid zosiyanasiyana Shenzhen Nongke. Abambo a ku China anakhala zaka 8 pachisankho chake. Mu 2005, chomeracho chinagulitsidwa pa malonda kwa madola 202,000.

Kotero, kukula maluwa a orchid kuchokera kunyumba si kophweka, koma weniweni. Ndikofunika kutsatira ndondomeko za kubzala, kukonzekera zofunikira zonse ndi zipangizo, ndiyeno mudzatha kukula zomera zanu, zomwe zidzakondweretsa inu ndi maluwa okongola odabwitsa.