Cryptanthus ndi malo osungira m'nyumba osatha komanso alibe tsinde, kotero anthu nthawi zambiri amatcha "dziko lapansi". Maluwa ake oyera amabisika m'mamasamba, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu malo okongola ndipo amaoneka osadabwitsa kwambiri. M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana za maluwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa cryptanthus komanso kubereka kwake m'nyumba, kusamalidwa bwino, komanso njira zothana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Malongosoledwe a botanical a zomera
Cryptanthus ndi nyumba zam'mapiri a kum'mawa kwa Brazil. Maluwawo anagunda gawo la Europe kokha m'zaka za zana la XIX, koma lero akhoza kupezeka pawindo la amalima ambiri ochita masewera.
Talingalirani kufotokoza kwa botanical ka duwa:
- Chomera ndi chosatha, ndi cha banja la bromeliyevs. Mukakulira muzipinda zam'chipinda, kutalika kwake sikudutsa 35-40 cm.
- Mzuwu ndi wosalimba ndipo uli ndi kukula kwake, koma nthambi.
- Masambawa ndi amtali ndipo amathinjika, amasonkhana mumtambo wambiri wokhala ndi nyenyezi. Malinga ndi mtundu wa zomera, masamba ake amatha kufika 10-40 masentimita m'litali ndi 3-4 masentimita m'lifupi.
- Malingana ndi mtunduwo, masamba a duwa angakhale obiriwira kapena amitundu yambiri, okhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, zachikasu, zofiira kapena zoyera. Pansi pa pepala ili ndi mamba.
- Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala pa theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Chipangizo cha peduncle chiri pakati pa rosette ndipo nthawi zambiri chimadzazidwa ndi masamba ochokera pamwamba.
- Gulu la inflorescence laling'ono limakhala ndi maluwa angapo oyera, mawonekedwe ake omwe amafanana ndi belu. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa chikasu chowala kumatuluka pa maluwa onse.
- Maluwawo amatha kumapeto kwa August, ndipo m'malo amodzi owumawo timabokosi timene timakhala ndi mbewu zikuwonekera.
- Cryptanthus ndi owopsa, motero sizingavomerezedwe kukulira mu nyumba komwe kuli ana ang'onoang'ono ndi ziweto.
Mitundu yayikulu
Mtundu wa cryptanthus umaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 20 ndi ma hybrids angapo. Kulima kumalo amkati kawirikawiri kumasankhidwa mitundu yokongola ya cryptanthus, yomwe ili ndi masamba amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mukudziwa? Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku liwu lachigriki lakuti "cryptanthus" limatanthauza "maluwa obisika."
Talingalirani mitundu yayikulu ya zomera izi ndi kufotokoza mwachidule za mitundu iliyonse:
- Cryptanthus stemless (Cryptanthus acaulis) - Imodzi mwa mitundu yowonjezereka ya okalamba. Kutalika kwa duwa kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 20, kutalika kwake kwa rosette ndi masentimita 12. Ma masamba akutali asonyeza nsonga ndi mapiri a wavy, omwe mano ake akuthwa amapezeka. Mtundu wa leaf ndiwo wobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yowongoka kapena yofiira.
- Cryptanthus bivittatus (Cryptanthus bivittatus) - Chomera chimakhala ndi chiwerengero chokwanira chifukwa cha kutalika kwa masentimita 7-8 ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, omwe kutalika kwake sikupitirira 10 masentimita. Masamba a duwa amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosettes yaing'ono (pafupifupi masentimita 15 m'mimba mwake) ndipo amakhala ndi mitsempha ya mano ochepa. Pamwamba pawo pali mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso wokutidwa ndi mizere iwiri yozungulira.
- Cryptanthus bromelioides - mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, ili ndi tsinde lalifupi komanso masamba owala kwambiri. Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala wobiriwira mpaka wofiira wofiira ndi mzere wofiira wautali wofiira kapena wobiriwira. Amatha kufika masentimita 30 m'litali, kutalika kwa masamba ndi pafupifupi masentimita 12. Pamphepete mwa masamba mumakhala masamba ndipo nsonga zimatchulidwa.
- Cryptanthus cross-striped (Cryptanthus zonatus) - masamba ake amaphimbidwa ndi transversal wavy mikanda yoyera kapena yachikasu. Mawonekedwe a tsambawa ndi ochepa, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 20. Masamba amapanga chingwe chofalikira chomwe chimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 20.
- Cryptanthus fosterianus - imodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya zomera, imatha kufika masentimita 35. Maluwawo ali ndi masamba ochepa kwambiri pafupifupi masentimita 40 ndi waya, amawombera bwino. Mtundu wa masambawo ndi wofiirira, ndipo mikwingwirima ya siliva ya zigzag ili pamtunda wa tsamba.
- Cryptanthus Red Star (Cryptanthus red star) - imodzi mwa mitundu yowala kwambiri komanso yochepa kwambiri ya duwa. Masamba a chomera amakhala ndi khungu lowala kwambiri ndipo ali ndi longitudinal mdima wobiriwira mzere womwe uli pakati. Mzere wa chiwalocho ndi masentimita 15 okha. Mphepete mwa pepalayo ndiwopera ndi kujambulidwa mu mdima wakuda.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulima kulimbikitse kunyumba
Cryptanthus sichifuna kuti chilengedwe chikhale chokwanira, koma chimakhala ndi microclimate ndi nthaka yoyenera kuti ikule bwino ndikuletsa kuchitika kwa matenda. Nthaka ya duwa iyenera kusankhidwa, kuti imve bwino madzi ndipo mizu ya zomera imatha kulandira chinyezi chokwanira ndi mpweya. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zikhalidwe za microclimate za duwa mu chipinda.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Cryptanthus amafunikira kuwala kokwanira. Chofunika kwambiri ndiko kuyatsa kwa mitundu ya zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba okongola, monga zimakulolani kuti mupulumutse ndi bwino kuganizira chitsanzo cha mikwingwirima.
Ndikofunikira! Pakhomo, cryptanthus imakula mwakuya kumalo osungirako magalasi kapena ma florariums.
Njira zowunikira zowunikira zili pansipa:
- Cryptanthus ikulimbikitsidwa kuyika pafupi ndiwindo la kumadzulo kapena kummawa kuti likhale ndi kuwala kowala;
- maluwa sangathe kuikidwa dzuwa, chifukwa izi zidzawotchera masamba;
- chomera chikukula bwino mu penumbra, koma popanda kusowa kuwala, mtundu wa masamba ake umatumbululuka;
- pamene tsiku silikutha mokwanira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zopangira - nyali za fulorosenti;
- Gwero la kuunikira kwapangidwe limayikidwa pamtunda wa mamita 0.5 kuchokera mu duwa ndipo limaphatikizapo maola 8.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi
Pansi pa chilengedwe, cryptanthus imakula mu nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira, choncho, ikakula pakhomo, nkofunika kukhala ndi kutentha kwabwino kwa maluwa ndikupereka chinyezi chokwanira. M'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma, masamba a chomera amataya kukongoletsa kwawo ndipo ayamba kuwuma.
Zomwe zimayenera kutentha ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pa duwa zatchulidwa pansipa:
- m'chilimwe, zimalimbikitsidwa kusunga firiji + 22 ... + 24 ° С;
- kumapeto kwa autumn ndi nyengo yozizira, kukula kwa duwa kumachepetsanso pansi, choncho chipinda chingakhale + 18 ... + 20 ° С;
- kutentha pang'ono komwe cryptanthus kukhoza kupirira ndi 15 ° C, koma kwa kanthawi kochepa;
- madontho otentha ndi zojambula ziyenera kupeŵedwa;
- Mlingo wa kutentha kwa mpweya ukhale pafupifupi 60-70%.
Pofuna kukwaniritsa kutentha kwa mpweya, gwiritsani ntchito peyala ndi dongo lonyowa, yomwe imaika mphika ndi maluwa. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi kupopera mbewu kwa masamba nthawi zonse.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji kunyumba?
Cryptanthus ndiwe wodzichepetsa powasamalira zomera zapakhomo. Mfundo yofooka ya maluwa ndi mizu yake yovuta komanso yofooka, yomwe imafuna kusamalidwa bwino panthawi yopatsirizidwa ndi kumangiriza mwamphamvu kuthirira. Ndipo kuti masamba a duwa asawonongeke maonekedwe awo, ndikofunikira manyowa mu nthawi. Kenaka, timalingalira malamulo oyambirira a chisamaliro cha mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi botani, cryptanthus ndi wachibale wapatali wa chinanazi.
Kuthirira
Maluwawo amachititsa kuti mvula ikhale yosasunthika m'nthaka, komanso chifukwa cha kusowa kwake. Kumwa madzi ayenera kukhala wochuluka, koma pokhapokha mutengapo dothi pamwamba pa mphika.
Malamulo oyambirira a kuthirira cryptanthus ndi awa:
- madzi okha otentha ndi ofunika ndi kuthirira mbewu;
- mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, cryptanthus amamwe madzi ambiri ndifupipafupi kawiri pa sabata;
- Kuweta kwa nyengo yachisanu ndi yozizira iyenera kukhala yowonjezera - pafupifupi 1 nthawi mu masiku khumi;
- madzi ayenera kutsanuliridwa mwachindunji pa nthaka yozungulira zomera ndikuonetsetsa kuti siigwera pa rosette ya masamba - izi zingachititse tsamba kubvunda;
- madzi owonjezera omwe amalowa mu poto ayenera kuthira madzi theka la ola atatha madzi okwanira kuti madzi asawonongeke.
Kupaka pamwamba
Mu nthawi ya kukula yogwira ndi maluwa cryptanthus amafunika kudya. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta mchere fetereza kwa maluwa mkati m'nyumba, ogula mu sitolo. 
Malamulo odyetsera ndi awa:
- feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira April mpaka September ndi nthawi ya masabata 2-3;
- Kuvala pamwamba kumapangidwa panthawi ya kuthirira mu mlingo wofanana ndi theka lomwe limalangizidwa pa phukusi;
- Mtundu wosankha wa feteleza sayenera kukhala ndi calcium, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni mmenemo sikuyenera kukhala kochepa;
- m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira maluwa akugwera mudziko la mpumulo, choncho feteleza sagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ino.
Kudulira
Zomera zomwe zili pansi pano, kukula msanga ndizofunika - kwa chaka chokha 2-3 masamba atsopano amaoneka maluwa, kotero cryptantus safuna kudulira. Pankhani yowumitsa masamba a masamba osakhala okwanira, mukhoza kudula chikasu kuti musunge maluwa. Malangizo owuma amadula pang'ono kuposa pamene masamba a masamba amayamba.
Kuwaza
Mungathe kubwezeretsa duwa ngati mukufunikira, mutangoyamba kukwera mumphika wakale. Ndondomekoyi imachitidwa kumapeto kwa 1 zaka 3-4, pamaso pa maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zina cryptanthus imakula pamtengo ndi nkhuni. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mizu yake imakhala yokutidwa m'madzi otentha ndipo imakhala yokhazikika ku chithandizo pogwiritsa ntchito waya.
Cryptanthus imakula mu msinkhu m'malo mopepuka, koma imadutsa m'lifupi, kotero iwe umayenera kuiikanso mu mphika wosaya ndi wouma. Mlingo wa poto watsopano sayenera kupitirira kukula kwa rosette wa duwa, ndipo payenera kukhala mabowo pansi pa thanki.
Cryptanthus imaikidwa mu nthaka yosalala ndi yachonde.
Mungagule gawo lokonzekera lokonzekera bwino m'masitolo apadera kapena kuphika kunyumba kuchokera ku zinthu zoterezi:
- humus - 0,5 mbali;
- moss - gawo limodzi;
- tsamba lapansi - gawo limodzi;
- peat - gawo limodzi;
- wosweka pine makungwa - 3 mbali.
Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono pa chomera chomera amapezeka pansipa:
- Konzani mphika wabwino wa m'mimba mwake ndipo muike madzi osanjikizira mmalo mwake pamtunda wachitatu. Monga mtsinje, mungagwiritse ntchito njerwa yosweka kapena dongo lochepetsedwa.
- Chotsani chomeracho mumphika wakale pamodzi ndi nsalu yotchinga, osayesa kuwononga mizu.
- Dulani maluwa mu mphika watsopano ndikuonjezerani nthaka yatsopano mu chidebecho kuti idzaze pamtunda. Sungani nthaka kudutsa duwa.
Kuswana
Njira yoberekera cryptanthus panyumba ndi yosavuta, ndipo ngakhale wopanga chithunzithunzi akhoza kuchipanga. Kawirikawiri, nyemba yatsopano imakula kuchokera ku mbewu kapena kuchokera kumapeto kwa njira ya kholo. Chofunika kwambiri cha kubalana ndicho kuti bwino kumera mbeu ndi rooting ya mphukira ndikofunikira kupanga malo otentha ndi kupereka kuwala. Tiyeni tilingalire njira iliyonse yowonjezera ya cryptanthus kubereka mwatsatanetsatane.
Ndondomeko yobwereza
Pambuyo pomaliza maluwa pafupi ndi cryptantus, mukhoza kuona njira zambiri za mwana wamkazi - ana. Amakula mwamsanga masamba angapoang'ono ndipo miyezi 1.5-2 amapanga mizu yaing'ono. Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala mbewu m'nthaka simungathe kulimbikitsa kwambiri nthaka - izi zingayambitse chitukuko chovunda.
Malangizo ndi ndondomeko zogwiritsa ntchito ndondomekoyi ili pansipa:
- Konzani tizilombo tating'ono ting'ono ndi nthaka yosakaniza ndi nthaka, mchenga ndi makungwa a pine (mu chiŵerengero cha 3: 1: 1).
- Pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni, mosamala mulekanitse njira yomwe kholo limabzala pamodzi ndi mizu yachinyamata. Ikani odulidwa kuti muwaza ndi wosweka malasha.
- Kukumba kudandaula pang'ono mu nthaka ndikuyika mwanayo mmenemo, kuwaza mizu ndi dziko lapansi. Tsukani chidebe ndi filimu kapena galasi.
- Ikani mphika ndi ndondomeko mu chipinda chofunda bwino (+ 25 ... + 28 ° С). Onetsetsani kuti sapling sichitha dzuwa.
- Tsiku lililonse, tsekani filimuyi kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu kuti mupereke zomera zazing'ono kuti zikhale ndi mpweya.
- Imwani nyemba ndi madzi otentha otentha ngati dothi lakuda.
- Anamera ana adzakula kwambiri pafupi masabata 3-4, pambuyo pake filimuyi imachotsedwa ndikusamalira mbewu, ngati zomera zakulirapo.
Video: Kuberekera kwa cryptanus mwa kudula
Mbewu
M'masitolo apadera mungagule mbewu zokonzedwa bwino za cryptanthus ndikukula maluwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Ndibwino kuti mubzala nyemba m'nthaka yopangidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga masika. Mukamagula zokolola, muyenera kusankha mbewu zokhazokha komanso kuzikonza ndi potsimikiza potassium permanganate musanafese.
Malangizo ndi ndondomeko ya kukula kwa cryptanus kuchokera ku mbewu ikufotokozedwa pansipa:
- Konzani miphika yaing'ono ndi yopanda kanthu ndikudzaza ndi nthaka.
- Pewani mbewu ya maluwa mopepuka. Musati muzitha kudula nthaka.
- Dulani chidebecho ndi mbewu ndi filimu ndikuyiyika pamalo okongola ndi kutentha kwa mpweya wa 26 ° C.
- Kujambula filimu tsiku ndi tsiku. Sopani dothi ndi nyemba pamene zouma.
- Pambuyo pa kuphuka (masiku 10-14), filimuyo imachotsedwa, ndipo mphamvu ndi mbande zimasungidwa kutali ndi zojambulazo.
- Pambuyo pa miyezi 3.5-4, pamene timapepala timakula masamba 3-4, amalowa m'madzi.
Zingatheke ndi kukula
Ngati mupereka cryptanthus ndi chisamaliro chofunikira ndikupanga zinthu zabwino zomwe zimakhala mu chipindamo, ndiye kuti musadandaule za zochitika za matenda kapena tizirombo. Koma ngati pali mavuto akukula maluwa, muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake ndikupatsani cryptanthus thandizo lofunikira.
Mukudziwa? Cryptanthus ndi yaying'ono kwambiri pakati pa onse a Bromeliads. Pansi pa chilengedwe, kutalika kwake ndi 50 cm basi.
Mndandanda wa matenda omwe amapezeka ndi zomera zowonongeka akufotokozedwa pansipa:
- Mizu yovunda. Chimachitika pamene dothi lakhala litatenthedwa, pamene gawo la pansi pa masamba ndi pansi pa masamba limayamba kudima, duwa limakhala losauka. Pa nthawi yoyamba, cryptanthus ikhoza kupulumutsidwa mwa kuziika mu gawo latsopano komanso kuchepetsa kuthirira. Ndi zowonongeka kwambiri ku mizu, mutha kusiyanitsa ana ndikukula kuchokera kwa iwo mbewu yatsopano.
- Kutentha kwa dzuwa. Zimayambira pamene masamba a cryptantus amakumana ndi dzuwa. Mawanga a Brown amaoneka pamtunda, tsamba limayamba kuuma. Mapiri a chikasu a tsambali adulidwa, ndipo duwa limakhala lopanda dzuwa.
- Ntchentche yoyera. Zimapezeka m'mikhalidwe yothirira mowa kwambiri kapena kupopera mbewu kwa cryptantus. Zizindikiro za maonekedwe ake ndi mphutsi zosungunuka m'munsi mwa masamba, kukhalapo kwa chikhomo chokhazikika ndi madontho wakuda pa chomeracho. Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Kangaude mite. Small mdima mawanga awonekere pa masamba, ndi m'munsi padziko ndi enveloped mu woonda cobweb. Maluwawo amatsukidwa ndi tizilombo tositiki ndi swaboni ya thonje yoviikidwa mu madzi a sopo, kenaka amapopedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Shchitovka. Tizilomboti tingathe kukhazikika pa masamba a cryptantus ndipo ali ochepa kwambiri. Mukhoza kuchipeza mwa maonekedwe a mdima pamasamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi zida zowonongeka ndi tizilombo m'munsi mwa pepala. Kuti achotse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amachotsedwa ku masamba ndi dothi, kenako maluwa amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osakaniza tizilombo.
Cryptanthus ikhoza kukhala chokongoletsa cha mkati chilichonse chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake okongoletsera, masamba okongoletsera. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga zofunikira zomwe zili pamwambapa mu nkhaniyi ndikutsatira malamulo osavuta kuti muzisamalira maluwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
