Orchid ndi imodzi mwa zomera zomwe zimakonda kwambiri m'nyumba, zimakondweretsa maluwa ndi maluwa okongola komanso okongola. Koma nthawi zina maluwa amatha ngakhale asanatsegule, ndipo maluwa sizimachitika. M'nkhaniyi tiona zifukwa zazikulu zomwe maluwa a orchid amatha kugwiritsira ntchito masamba, tidzatha kufotokoza njira zomwe tingasungire zomera komanso momwe tingasamalirire maluwa.
Nchifukwa chiyani ma orchids ali ndi masamba osadziwika?
Ngati mupereka chomeracho ndi zinthu zonse zofunika ndikuzisamalira bwino, ndiye kuti maluwa amatha miyezi 3-4. Patapita kanthawi kochepa kwa miyezi iwiri, masambawo amapangidwa kachiwiri, ndipo maluwawo akubwereza. Ngati orchid imangoyamba kutaya masamba osasunthika, izi zimasonyeza kupezeka kwa mavuto omwe amachitidwa ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, zinthu zosayenera kapena zinthu zina. Kenaka, timalingalira zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri kugwa.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1991 ku Somerset maluwa aakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi adakula. Iye anali wa mchenga wa Paphiopedilumerianum ndipo anali ndi makilogalamu 122 masentimita.
Kuletsedwa kwa zikhalidwe zomangidwa
Chifukwa chochuluka cha kugwa kwa maluwa a orchid ndizovuta kukula. Kuti duwa likule bwino ndikusangalala maluwa nthawi zonse, limafuna kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiziyenda. 
Kuphwanyidwa kwakukulu kwa zikhalidwe za ukaidi, zomwe zingayambitse kusinthidwa kwa masamba:
- kusowa kwa kuwala - kawirikawiri imapezeka m'nyengo yozizira patsiku lowala pang'ono ndipo limakhudza chomeracho kumayambiriro kwa maluwa. Maluwa a orchid omwe ali ndi masamba otseguka akhoza kuphulika ngakhale pang'ono;
- mpweya wosakwanira - mu nyengo yotentha kapena m'nyengo yozizira m'nyengo yotentha. Mu chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma, orchid imayamba kupulumutsa chinyezi ndi kutaya maluwa osaphuluka;
- dzuwa lenileni - kutsogolera kuwotcha kwa masamba, kuchititsa chikasu chawo ndi kugwa.
Kuthirira kolakwika
Cholakwika ichi nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi alimi atsopano omwe sadziwa kuthirira maluwa bwino. Poopa kuti chomeracho chimalandira chinyezi chokwanira, amamwa madzi ambiri.
Pezani chifukwa chake masamba akugwa ndi orchid ndi choti achite.
Chotsatira chake, zotsatirazi zikutsatidwa:
- madzi;
- kuchiza kukula;
- tsamba lakugwa;
- kuwonongeka kwa mizu;
- Kugwa masamba osatsegulidwa.
Kuperewera kwa chinyezi mu gawo lapansi kumayambitsanso kutuluka kwa inflorescences. Onetsetsani kuti kusowa kwa madzi kungakhale pa maonekedwe a mbewu - zimakhala zouma ndi zoyera. 
Chojambula
Mitsinje ya mphepo yoziziritsa imakhudza zomera. Kuthamanga nthawi zonse n'kofunikira kuti duwa likhale lopangidwa, koma ngati likuyimira pang'onong'ono, ndiye kuti kugwa kwa masamba sikungapewe. Dothi lozizira limatha kuchitika osati pokhapokha pakukwera kwa chipinda m'nyengo yozizira, komanso chifukwa cha ntchito ya air conditioner m'chilimwe.
Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mikhalidwe
Chifukwa cha kugwa kwa masamba osatsegulidwa kungakhale kuyenda kwa duwa, chifukwa chaichi chagwera muzatsopano. Izi zimachitika makamaka mutagula chomera mu sitolo kapena mutasamukira ku malo atsopano.
Ndikofunikira! Mukakulira kumalo osatha, palibe kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumayenera kuloledwa m'chipindamo ndi orchid.
Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chikukumana ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu, komwe kumakhudzana ndi zinthu zakunja izi:
- kutentha kusintha mu chipinda;
- maluwa osakanikirana amanjenjemera;
- mlingo wina wa chinyezi;
- kusintha kwa mtundu wa kuunikira.
Zifukwa zina
Kuphatikiza pa zifukwa zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi zikugwirizana ndi chisamaliro chosayenera ndi zikhalidwe zosayenera, orchid ikhoza kuponyera masamba osatsegulidwa mwazifukwa zina.
Nazi zina zomwe zingayambitse chodabwitsa ichi:
- zachilengedwe maluwa okalamba - mwachibadwa, orchid imakhala zaka 70, koma zaka zapakatikati za moyo zimakhala zochepa - zaka 7 mpaka 7 zokha. Choncho, patatha zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndikukula, njira yopanga peduncles ikhoza kupitiliza, koma masambawo adzagwa, ndipo mbeuyo idzaleka kukondweretsa maluwa ndi maluwa ake. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe chomwe chingachitike;
- hypothermia - kawirikawiri imachitika pamene sitimayendetsa bwino nyengo yozizira. Mphepo yozizira imakhudza kwambiri zomera ndipo imachititsa kuti maluwa asaphuke;
- kutenthedwa - amapezeka m'chilimwe, ngakhale maluwawo ali mthunzi, koma mpweya wotentha mumalowa umadutsa 30 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimatha kuzimitsa pamene zili pafupi ndi magetsi;
- kusowa kwa fetereza m'nthaka - Orchid sichipeza mphamvu yakuphuka, ngati ilibe potaziyamu, phosphorous, boron ndi magnesium;
- kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe - Kutengeka bwino kwa mbewu, kugwa kwa mphika, kuwonongeka kwa nyama zoweta kumapweteka orchid ndikupangitsa kuti masambawo agwe;
- imvi zowola - ndi chizindikiro cha madontho aang'ono pa masamba, omwe pamapeto pake amatembenukira bulauni, kuyambitsa kuyanika ndi kugwa kwa maluwa osapsa;
- mealybug - Choyamba chimagunda masamba, kuwapangitsa kukhala achikasu ndi kugwa, ndi zotsatira zake kuti orchid imatulutsa masamba ake.
Mukudziwa? Orchid ya mitundu ya Platystele jungermannoides ili ndi maluwa ochepa kwambiri, omwe m'mimba mwake sadutsa 1 mm.
Chochita ndi momwe mungapulumutsire orchid
Ngati ndondomeko yothetsera masamba yayamba, ndiye kuti zochita zithetsedwe mwamsanga kuti zisunge maluwa. Ngati mutazindikira bwino lomwe chifukwa cha kugwa kwa masambawa ndi kuthetsa nthawiyi, ndiye kuti chomeracho chidzapulumuka ku zowawazo ndikupatsanso maluwa okongola. 
Kuti muzisunga maluwa kuchokera ku kutaya inflorescences, muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi:
- ndi kusowa kwaunikira, konzekerani maluwa pamalo ochepetsedwa kwambiri, kuupaka ndi dzuwa;
- pamtunda wochepa thupi, gwiritsani ntchito zida zowononga ndi kupopera mbewuzo ndi madzi ofunda, kupeŵa chinyezi pamphuno;
- m'nyengo yozizira, mungathe kuphimba batiri yotentha ndi thaulo lamadzi kuti mupitirize kutulutsa mpweya m'chipinda;
- Sinthani njira yothirira, osalola gawo lapansi kuti liume kapena litanyowe mu mphika;
- chotsani maluwa kuchokera kuzizira zenera muzitha m'nyengo yozizira ndikuchotseratu zidutswa;
- Ngati pali kutentha kwakukulu, sungani chomeracho kumalo ozizira, kawirikawiri kayendedwe ndi kupopera mbewu;
- pamene pali kusowa kwa zakudya m'nthaka, onjezerani feteleza okhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous;
- pamene zowola zikuwonekera, chotsani mbali zonse zakukhudzidwa za chomera ndi kuziyika izo mu gawo latsopano, kusinthira chisamaliro cha maluwa;
- Ngati mealybug yowonongeka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kuchotsedwa pamwamba pa maluwa ndi swaboni ya thonje yoviikidwa mu madzi amchere, ndikuwombera maluwa.
Mmene mungasamalire maluwa amaluwa panthawi ya maluwa
Kawirikawiri, kugwa kwa maluwa osatsegulidwa kumagwirizananso ndi kuphwanya kwa zinthu zomwe zikukula komanso chisamaliro chosayenera cha chomeracho. Chifukwa chake, orchid imakhala yovuta ndipo imatha kufa.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwa mpweya kutsika kuposa 14 ° С kukuwononga ma orchids. Maluwa amatha kupirira kanthawi kozizira kamodzi mu chipinda mpaka 15 ° С.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kusamalira maluwa panthawi yamaluwa zimatchulidwa pansipa:
- Iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda okwanira 1 nthawi pa sabata pambuyo pake gawolo liuma mu mphika. Ndi bwino kutsanulira madzi mu poto, kuti mizu ikhale yokwanira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi;
- perekani chomeracho ndi kutentha kwa mpweya wa pafupifupi 22 ... + 26 ° C popanda madontho akudzidzidzi;
- onetsetsani orchid pazenera zowonongeka bwino, koma mthunzi ukhale ndi dzuwa;
- Gwiritsani ntchito kuunikira kwina m'nyengo yozizira ndi tsiku lalifupi lowala, ndikuyika maluwa pansi pa gwero la kuwala kwa maola 12;
- kuti achite nthawi zonse kuthamanga kwa chipinda kuti ateteze mpweya wa mpweya, koma kuti ateteze kuchitika kwa zojambula;
- Sungani chinyezi mu chipinda chosachepera 60%;
- Dyetsani maluwa ndi phosphate ndi fetashi fetereza tsiku lililonse masiku 7-10;
- Pewani kusuntha chomera panthawi yopanga masamba ndi maluwa;
- onetsetsani kuti muzitsulo zowonongeka kuti zithetse phokoso la maluwa.
Njira zothandizira
Ndi bwino kuteteza vuto la vuto kusiyana ndi kuthana nalo ndi zotsatira zake, choncho, pakukula ma orchid, muyenera kukumbukira za njira zothandizira kuti zisawonongeke.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa okwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi amaonedwa ngati orchid "Gold Kinabalu". Iyo imayamba kuphuka pokhapokha ikafika msinkhu wa zaka 15.
Zinthu zotetezazi ndi izi:
- chitetezo chozizira - Ngati orchid imatengedwa m'nyengo yozizira, iyenera kuikidwa m'bokosi la makatoni ndipo ili ndi mapepala angapo;
- kumakhala kutali ndi zipangizo zowonongeka m'nyengo yozizira - kumathandiza kupewa kutentha kwa maluwa;
- ozizira zosungira chitetezo - Musasiye maluwa omwe ali ndi mpweya wabwino m'chilimwe kapena pafupi ndiwindo lotseguka m'nyengo yozizira;
- malo okhazikika - ndi bwino kutenga nthawi yomweyo malinga ndi zomwe zili pamwambazi ndikuyesera kusuntha duwalo mopanda pake;
- palibe zipatso zam'mbali zomwe zimayandikira, zipatso ndi mtedza - Zonsezi zimamasulidwa ethylene ku chilengedwe, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri masamba a zomera ndikuwapangitsa kugwa.
Maluwa otchedwa orchid pachimake ndi chokondweretsa komanso choyembekezeredwa kwa wolima aliyense. Mothandizidwa ndi ndondomeko zotchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, chomeracho chingaperekedwe ndi zofunikira ndi chisamaliro kotero kuti masamba onse atsegulidwe pa nthawi.
