Kupweteka kwambiri kumayambitsa matenda a fungalini a Verticillium. Matenda amapezeka m'nthaka, ndi mphukira zazing'ono zomwe sizilimbana ndi matendawa, komanso zomera zomwe zili ndi mizu yoonongeka.
Matenda a m'munda ndi m'munda zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Malingana ndi chiyambi, iwo amagawidwa mu bakiteriya, fungal ndi viral.
Imodzi mwa matenda omwe amafala kwambiri a fungal ya zomera ndi verticillary wilting.
Ndi chiyani?
Ikhoza kupitirizabe ku nthaka yoipa kwa zaka zingapo popanda kudziwonetsa yokha, koma pansi pazikhala zabwino, imatulutsidwa kachiwiri, kuononga minda. Mulowa mumunda kudzera muzu, makamaka pamaso pa mbuzi yambiri komanso mizu ya microtraumas. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chimasiya kulandira chakudya choyenera ndi chinyezi kuchokera m'nthaka ndikufa.
Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji?
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa mu nthaka kulowa muzu.
Komanso imafalikira ku khola la mizu ndi tsinde. Zomera zimakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zambiri:
- mkulu chinyezi;
- kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha;
- kusowa mpweya wabwino.
Matenda amapezeka m'dothi, gwero lingathe kubzala zinyalala, mbewu, mbande, komanso Mikangano ingasunthidwe ndi mphepo kapena kugwa pansi pamene imwetsa kuchokera kumsika wosauka.
Kodi ndi zoopsa zotani?
Cholinga chake ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa mbewu ndi munda wamaluwa. Kulowa mu mizu, imayamba kukulirakulira, kudzaza zotengerazo m'miyendo ndipo m'tsogolomu zimalepheretsanso kuti mbeuyo ipeze chinyezi ndi zakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, imatulutsa zinthu za toxic zomwe zimawononga.
Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa sizingatheke kuzindikira kuti nthawi yomweyo, amatha kudziwonetsa okha pambuyo pa kachirombo kokha pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri.
Ndi zikhalidwe ziti zomwe zikuwoneka?
Mbewu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza matendawa ndi:
- Zokongoletsera zomera: maluwa, phloxes, malala, chrysanthemums;
- mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba: rasipiberi, pichesi, maula, chitumbuwa, currant, komanso strawberries ndi strawberries;
- Zomera: biringanya, phwetekere, mbatata, nkhaka, anyezi, zukini, tsabola.
Momwe mungazindikire?
Kugonjetsedwa kwa chomera pa siteji ya mphukira kumatayika, panthawi imodzimodziyo amapotoza mmwambaIchi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda. Ngati chomeracho chitatha, matendawa akamakula, mizu imayamba kuvunda ndikufa.
Kuchokera kunja, zizindikiro zoyamba zidzakhala kuyanika ndi kudula masamba a chomeracho, choyamba pansi, kenako pa mphukira yonse. Zomwe zimayambira zimakhudzidwa ndi kukhudza, maluwa, monga masamba, zipatso, kufa, kufa, kunyema ndi kugwa. Pofuna kudziwa molondola kuti pali matendawa, m'pofunika kudulidwa. Zidzasonyezeratu kuti mdimawu ndi wamdima.
Ngati mutawona zizindikiro za matenda, chomera chomwe chikukhudzidwacho chiyenera kusamalidwa ndi kuwonongedwa, izi zidzateteza kuipitsa kwa nthaka ndi mbewu zina.
Mfundo zambiri za chitetezo ku matenda
Kuchiza chomera chokhudzidwa kawirikawiri sikungatheke, makamaka pazikulire. Bowa amatha kukhala m'nthaka kwa nthawi yaitali, kuti amenyane nawo movutikira. Komabe, pali njira zowonongeka kuti zithetsedwe:
- kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse ulimi;
- kuchotsa nthawi yotsalira zamasamba ndi zomera za matenda;
- Ngati chilakolako chikukayikira, chomeracho chiyenera kufufulidwa mosamala ndi kutenthedwa;
- kuthirira madzi okwanira, madigiri 20 ndi okwanira;
- Nthawi yoyenera phosphorous ndi potaziyamu monga mawonekedwe a feteleza;
- musanayambe ndondomeko, fungicides, bleach yawonjezeredwa ku nthaka;
- kuthirira mbewu ndi njira zowonongeka: maziko, zowonongeka, vitaros, etc;
- Kusamalira maluwa pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la makala, chamomile.
Mbali za chithandizo cha zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana
Pepper
Pa chikhalidwe ichi, palinso mitundu itatu ya matendawa: amamera, ofiira ndi obiriwira. Chizindikiro choyamba cha kachilombo ndi tsamba lakutha masana. Ngati mawonekedwe achimake ndi a bulauni, amayamba kuundana, amadziwika ndi malo osagwirizana komanso amauma. Pamene mawonekedwe obiriwira amafa masamba osasintha mtundu.
Kawirikawiri, zizindikirozi zimawoneka mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa kutuluka, pamaso pa maluwa. Mazira a mazira okhudza zitsamba sizinapangidwe. Ngati matendawa akuwonekera mtsogolo, zipatsozo zimapangidwa, koma padzakhala zochepa ndi zochepa.
Mizu imawoneka yathanzi, ndi necrosis yakuda pa gawo la tsinde.
Froberries
Matendawa amapezeka ndi bowa, nthawi zambiri zimakhudza sitiroberi ndi strawberries. Choyamba, pali kuyanika kwa masamba, kuchokera kumunsi mpaka kumtunda, ngakhale madzi okwanira. Pambuyo pa zipatsozo zimakhala bulauni. Zomwezi sizimakhudza zokolola, koma zipatso zonse zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola.
Kawirikawiri kachilombo kawonekedwe kawoneka pamapangidwe a ndevu, makamaka mu mbande zatsopano. Komanso, pa ndevu, komanso pa petioles, mabala ndi mabala a bulauni, nthawi zina amitundu yobiriwira, akhoza kukhala ofunika.
Komanso chizindikiro cha matendawa mu strawberries chidzakhala chitsamba chochepa kwambiri komanso chipepala cha petioles. Mzuwu umakhudzanso kwambiri, kusintha mtundu ndi mawonekedwe, umatembenuka wakuda pa nsongazo ndipo umakhala wotayirira, waduka.
Tomato
Chizindikiro choyamba cha tomato chowonongeka ndi mawonekedwe a chikasu chooneka ngati mawonekedwe pamasamba, ndipo pambuyo pake mawanga akukhalapo pamtunda. M'tsogolomu, pamakhala masana a masamba, akuwombera. Kumaliza kupuma ndi kufa kumapezeka kuchokera pansi. Nthaŵi zina, chomeracho chimakhala chobiriwira, pamene masamba ali opunduka ndi kugwa. Zipatso pa matenda zimayambira kukhala zazing'ono, zamtundu pamwamba, kutentha dzuwa chifukwa chosakhala masamba.
Mizu imawoneka yathanzi pachiyambi cha matendawa. Pambuyo pa masamba ndi tsinde amayamba kufa, mizu imavunda. Chomera choterocho chiyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala kuchokera ku nthaka kwathunthu ndi kuwonongedwa. Pangani dothi mu dzenje ndi yankho la ferrous sulphate.
Njira zothandizira
Pofuna kupewa matendawa, choyamba ndikofunika kuyang'ana kuzungulira mbewu. Chomera chimene chinakula m'munda, chiyenera kubzalidwa mmenemo osati kale kuposa zaka 3-4.
Pamene dothi liri ndi kachilombo, kuyendayenda kwa mbeu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, zikhalidwe zimakhala zosiyana monga momwe zingathere. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi nsomba zimachotsedwa, zimatsutsana nazo: rye, balere ndi ena.
Kusamalidwa bwino kwa zomera zomwe zimalima kumathandizanso kupewa. Ndikofunika kuthirira mbande ndi manyowa nthawi, ndikuwonetsanso namsongole, osasiya nsomba zawo m'deralo. Komanso njira zothandizira zidzakhale zowonjezera nthaka komanso kumasula kwake nthawi yake. Zomera zimayambitsa matenda, ndi bwino kusankha mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe sulimbana ndi bowa.
Pofuna kulemeretsa nthaka ndi zinthu zakuthupi komanso kukonzanso ma microflora atatha kukolola, mbeu zapakati zimabzalidwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo nyemba, canola, mpiru, ndi zina zotero.
Chowopsa ndi choopsa kwambiri pa zokolola zam'tsogolo. Kuonjezerapo, kuti kuchiza chomera choyamba kale sikugwira ntchito, chiyenera kuwonongedwa. Choncho, ndikofunika kudziwa za njira zothandizira matendawa ndi kukhala ndi lingaliro la zizindikiro zoyamba za chilakolako. Ndiye matendawa sangathe kufalikira pa tsambali ndipo nthaka sidzawonekeratu ku matenda, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kumenyana.
