Malangizo pomwe angameretse nthaka mbatata

Mosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zina zambiri, mbatata zimakhala zopanda nzeru kudyetsa nthawi ya kukula - chifukwa panthawiyi, zinthu zamtengo wapatali sizidzakhalanso zokwanira. Chinthu chachikulu - ndiko kusankha feteleza yoyenera pazu pamene mutabzala.

Mbatata - imodzi mwa masamba omwe amakonda komanso okondedwa m'dziko lathu. Ngakhale kuti adawonekera m'minda ya Russia (posachedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 700) ndipo sanayambe kulandira chikondi cha alimi, tsopano ndi zovuta kulingalira kuti palibe. Kuti zokolola za masamba okoma awa akhale okhwima ndi olemera, m'pofunika kuti manyowa azikhala m'nyengo zosiyana za nyengo ya mbatata. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungamangirire mbatata kuti mukolole bwino.

Nchifukwa chiyani nthaka ikudyetsedwa?

Chomera chosatha chotchedwa tuberiferous cha banja la Solanaceae chimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zakudya zomwe zimachokera m'nthaka, popeza mizu yake sichikulirakulira, ndipo tubers imakula yaikulu.

Kodi ndi nthawi iti komanso manyowa ndi fetereza?

Dyetsani chikhalidwe pa nthawi zosiyana, kutsata zolinga zina ndi fetereza iliyonse.

Asanafike

Manyowa opangidwa pokonzekera mabedi kwa mbatata kumera kumera kwa tubers, kuthandizira kukhala ndi mizu yolimba, ndi kufulumizitsa kukula kwa mbewu, mosasamala kanthu za zakudya zomwe zili ndi kholo la tuber.

Chovala chokongoletsera cha mbatata n'chofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe mbewu imatha kuyamwa, chifukwa sikuti zakudya zonse zimafika kuthengo: udzu wina umatenga feteleza, zina zimasungunuka pansi.

Zovala zapamwamba za mbatata zimabweretsa kugwa ndi kasupe:

• M'dzinja - pamtunda umodzi wa malo 6 malo amodzi a manyowa kapena humus, 30-35 g wa superphosphate, 15-20 g wa potaziyamu sulphate. Manyowa pereperet m'nyengo yozizira, superphosphate amapereka zakudya zowonjezera pang'onopang'ono ndipo adzakhala ndi nthawi yokumba m'nthaka.
• M'chaka, m'pofunika kuchotsa chinyezi chochuluka kuchokera ku malo pansi pa mbatata (kupanga mapiri kapena kukumba madzi omwe akuyenda m'mphepete mwa malire ake) ndikupereka nayitrogeni (yomwe ili ndi manyowa ambiri).

Zosiyanasiyana za kuvala kasupe:

• chidebe cha manyowa, 20-30 g wa ammonium nitrate, potaziyamu sulfate ndi nitrophoska;
• chidebe cha manyowa, 50-60 g nitrophoska ndi galasi la phulusa;
• 10 kg wa manyowa, 20 g wa potassium sulphate ndi ammonium nitrate, 30 g wa superphosphate ndi ufa wa dolomite malinga ndi malangizo (malinga ndi acidity ya nthaka).

Choncho feteleza akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo ka tizirombo kotero, feteleza ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi mchere: mu kugwa, gawo limodzi la double superphosphate ndi magawo awiri a potassium sulphate, pamapeto - 3 makilogalamu a NPK zana.

Pamene tikufika

Ndikofunika kusankha feteleza yoyenera mukamabzala, chifukwa zokolola zimadalira kuchuluka kwawo ndi khalidwe lawo. Awapange zofunika m'zitsime, koma osati pa malo onsewa, ndiye zomera zidzapatsidwa kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya.

Manyowa ofunikira (kuchuluka kwabwino):

• manyowa ovunda - 200-250 g, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zokutira mchere;
• nkhuku manyowa yankho (yokonzedwa pa mlingo wa 1:15, 1 l yawonjezedwa ku chitsime);
• masamba owonongeka - theka la lita imodzi patsiku, ikani pansi pa tubers ndi pamwamba pao, mungathe kupanga ndi mchere wothira;
• nkhuni phulusa 150-200 g, sangathe kusakaniza ndi feteleza ena;
• zovuta mchere feteleza - mbatata ya Kemira (15-20 g pa chomera), nitrophoska (20 g patsiku).

Feteleza mu dzenje: malangizo ndi sitepe

Mungathe kubzala mbatata pamanja kapena pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitala / wapadera. Tubers kubzala kale kumera.

1. Anaponyera pansi ndi mphanda kapena Ploskorez Fokin, akukweza nthaka, koma osati kutembenuza. Madzi ambiri.
2. Tulutsani nthaka ndi tchera kuya 5-7 masentimita, kuyendetsa pamwamba ndi kuswa.
3. Lembani malo omwe ali pa chingwe, ndipo mukhale ndi m'lifupi pakati pa mizere ya 70 cm.
4. Pangani zitsime kuzama 10 cm pamtunda wa 20-30 cm.
5. Ikani feteleza zofunika mu dzenje, ndikutsanulira dzikolo.
6. Ikani phando lirilonse pa tuber limamera.
7. Maenje aphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi pamwamba.

Atatha

Pambuyo kamera ndi kufika kutalika kwa 20-30 masentimita, mbatata imatha. Kuti njirayi ikhale yothandiza, muyenera kudyetsa chomera patsogolo pake.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku:

1. Thirani gawo limodzi la zinyalala ndi magawo 15 a madzi.
2. Mulole izo zikhale maola 24.
3. Dyetsani kuchuluka kwa 1 l pa chitsamba mutatha madzi okwanira.

Zokwanira ndi zamchere feteleza:

1. Sungunulani 20 g wa urea mu chidebe cha madzi.
2. Thirani mbatata pansi pazu (1 l pa mbewu).

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungadyetse mbatata nthawi ndi mutabzala mubenje, werengani pano, ndipo mu nkhani ino mudzapeza zowonjezera zowonjezera pa ntchito ya feteleza nthawiyi.

Pamaso maluwa

Chovala chokwera chimachepetsa kukula kwa masamba, chimapanga zakudya m'nthaka kubwezeretsa zomera zomwe zagwiritsidwa kale, zimapangitsa mbatata kukana mochedwa, nkhanambo ndi matenda ena.

Panthawi imeneyi, musapange feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ngati simungathe kupeza nsonga zamphamvu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ndizofunika kuti mbeu isanayambe maluwa.:

• 20 g wa potassium sulfate, 60 g wa phulusa mu chidebe cha madzi;
• 60 g wa superphosphate pa chidebe cha madzi.

Kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pazu.

Mizu ndi njira za foliar

Nkofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa mizu ndi foliar (pamasamba) kudyetsa mbatata, popeza ali ndi zolinga zosiyana ndi zosiyana siyana.

Feteleza pazitsamba zinakambidwa mokwanira kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyo, choncho, tidzakhala mwatsatanetsatane za momwe zimakhalire ndi maonekedwe a zovala zofiira. Feteleza ikuchitika panthawi yogwira kukula kwa masamba ndi maluwa..

Foliar

Ndikofunika kukonza feteleza ndi mbeu zotsatirazi:

• supuni ya supuni ya ammonium nitrate ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake;
• supuni ya supphosphate;
• kotala la supuni ya supuni ya mkuwa sulfate pofuna kupewa matenda a fungal.

Ikani feteleza yokonzeka monga chonchi:

1. Zonsezi zimasungunuka m'madzi ofunda ndi kuchuluka kwa 10 malita, kunena maola atatu.
2. Onjezerani madzi okwanira 1 litre ndikuwatsanulira mu botolo.
3. Sungani mbatata pamwamba pa masamba.

Pa nthawi ya kukula kwa tubers iwo manyowa mbatata:

• manganese (bwino kukoma kwa mbatata);
• boron (kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa tubers).

Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza yamtengo wapatali "Mag-Bor":

1. Mu chidebe cha madzi sungunulani supuni ya granules.
2. Sakanizani bwino.
3. Fulutsani chitsamba cha mbatata mukatha kupanga mapepala pa mlingo wa malita 10 a yankho pa 3 mamita² kukwera.

Popanga feteleza foliar ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo ena:

• N'zotheka kupopera nyengo yamtambo kuti asatenthe masamba amvula;
• Sungani zitsamba zokhala ndi thanzi labwino, chifukwa malo omwe ali ndi masamba omwe ali ndi masamba ambiri, ndi kuchuluka kwa pepala - osachepera;
• Dyetsani zakudya zoyambirira mobwerezabwereza, monga momwe amachitira molimbika kwambiri zakudya zamagetsi.

Mutatha kukolola

Mbatata ndi mbewu yomwe imatenga zakudya zambiri m'nthaka.. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kasinthasintha kwa mbeu nthawi zambiri sizingatheke, choncho mutatha kukolola nkofunika kubwezeretsa kubzala kwa munda kumalo otsogolera. Chifukwa chomera chomera ichi chabzalidwa.

Mbeu ya mpiru ingakhale manyowa abwino a mbewu iyi. Imawonjezera masentimita masabata atatu okha. Pamene chisanu chikubwera, mphutsi imamera pansi, ndipo kumapeto kwake akhoza kuikidwa pansi monga feteleza.

Kutsiliza

Mbatata imakula m'dziko lonse lathu. Maonekedwe a nthaka ndi nyengo yobzala mbatata m'madera osiyanasiyana ndi osiyana. Sikuti paliponse zinthu zili bwino.. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, zonse za mchere ndi organic, zidzalola kupeza zokolola zochuluka m'madera onse kumene masamba awa okoma amakula.