Kufotokozera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata "Vector", yodziwika ngati kupindula mu ntchito ya obereketsa ku Russia

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza ulimi wabwino wa mbatata ndizobzala zosankhidwa bwino. Chimodzi mwa mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata ndi zosiyanasiyana "Vector".

M'nkhaniyi, tiona zosiyana siyana za mbatata "Vector" kuchokera kumbali zonse - makhalidwe, maonekedwe, zokolola ndi kukula.

Mbatata "Vector": zofotokozera zosiyanasiyana

Zitsamba zotsika pansi-zowongoka. Masamba ndi ang'onoang'ono, apakatikati, amdima wobiriwira. Maluwawo ndi ofiirira, koma aakulu. Mitundu ya mazira a azungu, kukula kwake, mbatata imapanga 92-143 g. Mbewu ya maluwa imakhala ndi mtundu wofiira wofiira ndi maso ang'onoang'ono. Masamba ndi owopsa, yowutsa mudyo, kuwala kofiira.

Mbiri yopondereza

Mitunduyi idapangidwa ndi akatswiri a State Scientific Institution Yonse-Russian Institute of Research of Farming Potato. A.G. Lorch pamodzi ndi ogwira ntchito ku GNU All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology ya Russian Academy of Sciences Sciences podutsa mitundu 1977-76 ndi Zarevo.

Chithunzi

Zithunzi izi zikuwonetsera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata "Vector":

Zizindikiro

Malinga ndi zolembera, "Vector" ikupangidwira kulima pa sod-podzolic ndi peat-bog dothi la Central Central dera la Russia.

Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala pakati pa nyengo, chifukwa chodzala isanayambe mapangidwe a tubers amatenga masiku 80-100. Kuti muzule mbewu zowonongeka, chiwerengero cha kutentha kwa nyengo yonse ya chitukuko chomera chiyenera kukhala 1400-1600 ° С, kuchuluka kwa mphepo kuyenera kukhala 300 mm (makamaka panthawi ya tuber mapangidwe).

Zokolola zambiri za mbatata ndi 46 t / ha, ndipo nyengo yabwino kwambiri, zotsatira zake zimafikira 70 t / ha.

Mukhoza kufanizitsa zokolola za Giant ndi mitundu ina yochokera pa deta yomwe ili patebulo:

Kukolola kwa mbeu ndi 90-98%, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala m'nyengo yozizira sikupitirira 5%.

Mu tebulo ili m'munsimu mudzapeza zizindikiro za zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za mitundu ina ya mbatata poyerekeza ndi Giant:

Werengani zambiri za kusungirako mbatata: nthawi ndi kutentha, zovuta.

Komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito sitolo yosungiramo zamasamba, mkhalidwe wa nyumba ndi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, pa khonde ndi m'zothira, mufiriji ndi kuyeretsedwa.

Zamkatimu Mtedza wa tubers uli mkati mwa 17-19%. Kulabadira makhalidwe a mizu ndi abwino, pamene kusakaniza kwa tubers kusakhala mdima, malingana ndi zokololazo iwo ali m'gulu B (kuchepa kwa digesiti). Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yabwino kwa mafakitale processing - kupanga chips.

Botva ndi tubers "Vector" Kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ochedwa, matenda a tizilombo, Alternaria, nkhanambo, khansa causative wothandizila. Zinyama sizinayambe kukhala ndi zojambula zomangidwa ndi makwinya, tsamba lopiringizika. Ambiri amakopeka ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mbatata golide cyst nematode.

Zizindikiro za kukula

Kubzala mbatata mu khumi zoyambirira za May.

Mphukira zoyambirira zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisawonongeke (pamanja kapena pogwiritsa ntchito tiller) kuti zisawonongeke pamwamba pa mapepala pa nthawi yobwerera kumapeto kwa chisanu. Koma ngakhale simugwira zochitika izi, mbewuyo siidzakhala ndi vuto lililonse.

Pa nyengo yokula ikufunika mizu iwiri yovala mineral feteleza. Werengani zambiri za feteleza zomwe ziri zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimafunikira kudyetsa zomera, nthawi komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, momwe mungachitire mutabzala.

"Vector" ndi kusagonjetsedwa kwa chilala, kuthirira kwina (kupatula mphepo) sikofunikira. Kulimbitsa thupi ndiwothandiza kwambiri mu udzu wa udzu.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda imayamba makamaka pa kuchotsedwa kwa golide nematode. Muchitetezo chakumapeto kwa autumn ndi kumapeto chithandizo cha nthaka ndi mandimu ndi kukonzekera kwakapadera. Chomera chimatengedwa mosamala ndikuchotseratu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi yomwe pakati pa mbatata yobzala mu malo amodzi ayenera kukhala osachepera chaka.

Werengani zambiri za matenda ofala kwambiri ndi tizirombo tating'ono ta nightshade: fusarium, blight, verticillis. Komanso maola a Colorado, mbatata njenjete, medvedki, wireworm.

Ubwino waukulu wa "Vector" - zabwino zokolola, chilala kukana, mkulu kukoma - kulola izi zosiyanasiyana kuti zizifalitsidwa kwambiri pakati pa alimi, amalonda ndi amalimi.

Ndiloleni ndikuuzeni njira zina za mbatata zowonjezera: teknoloji ya Dutch, popanda weeding ndi hilling, pansi pa udzu, m'matumba, mu mbiya, mabokosi. Kuwonjezera apo, werengani nkhani za momwe mungamere mitundu yoyambirira, ndi mayiko omwe ali atsogoleri pa mbatata, ndi ngozi ya Solanine.

Pansi pa tebulo mudzapeza zokhudzana ndi zipangizo za mbatata ndi mawu osiyana: