Kukula bwino karoti mbewu si kophweka. Mbewu iyi iyenera kukula osati masamba okha, koma chipatso chomwecho. Choncho, panthawi ya kukula kwa kaloti, zakudya ndi feteleza zimafunikira kwambiri.
Imodzi mwa feteleza yothandiza kwambiri ndi potaziyamu permanganate ndi boric asidi. Tidzawuza za ntchito yoyenera ya kukonzekera kaloti komanso zinsinsi za kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Kodi n'zotheka kumwa kaloti ndi njirazi?
Kaloti ndi zipatso zopanda nzeru kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira feteleza. ndipo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa zakudya.
Choncho, potaziyamu permanganate ndi boric asidi ndi ofunika kwambiri othandizira pakukula zipatso.
- Boron ndiyomwe imayambitsa mapuloteni komanso mavitamini a m'magazi, kotero ndikofunikira kuti chomera chikuwoneke.
- Manganese Acid (Potassium Permanganate) imateteza mwanayo kumatenda akukula.
Zinthu izi zimapewa kuchitika kwa matenda ndi kuvunda. Choncho, feteleza permanganate ndi boron sizingatheke, komanso ndizofunika kuti zomera zikule bwino.
Kodi ndi chiyani?
Potaziyamu permanganate ndi yopindulitsa pa mbewu monga izi:
- amateteza ku ntchentche zowononga, zomwe ndi tizirombo zoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza zobiriwira ndi mizu yokha;
- imalepheretsa kubereka kwa mwanayo, chifukwa imakhala ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- amachitira fungal matenda, muzu zowola;
- kumathetsa matayala kapena kuwonongeka kwa masamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito boron yankho n'kofunikira chifukwa:
- imakula kukula kwa mwana;
- amachepetsa nthawi yosungiramo mizu;
- kumapangitsa mtundu kukhala wochuluka;
- kumaonjezera shuga, komwe zomera zimakhala zokoma;
- kumaonjezera zokolola mwa pafupifupi 15-20%.
Zochita ndi zowononga za kuvala koteroko
Zotsatira:
- kuonjezera kukoma ndi maonekedwe a chipatso;
- chiteteze motsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo;
- kufulumira kukula kwa mbewu;
- kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbeu.
Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, boron ndi potassium permanganate akhoza kukhala owopsa komanso owopsa kwa kaloti. Ganizirani zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito feteleza pogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
Njira yothetsera vuto:
- zikhoza kuyambitsa masamba;
- kumaphatikizapo kusintha kosayenera mwa mtundu wa zomera;
- amachititsa matenda aakulu a nthaka.
Potaziyamu permanganate:
- zingayambitse kutentha kwa zomera;
- pamene agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, amauma mzu, masamba ndi nthaka;
- zimakhudza kuchepa kwa mbeu;
- amafuna kuti pakhaleziyamu wambiri.
Ndondomeko malangizo: momwe angadyetse kuthengo?
Inventory
Musanayambe feteleza muyenera kukonzekera. Mudzafunika:
- kuthirira;
- magolovesi;
- madzi ofunda;
- manganese ndi boric asidi.
Kukonzekera kwa yankho kuchokera ku boron
Yankho la Boron lingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda potanganamu permanganate. Pakuti idzafuna madzi otentha ndi kutentha kwa madigiri makumi asanu. Boron imasungunuka bwino m'madzi ozizira, choncho osagwiritsa ntchito madzi pansi pa madigiri 50-60.
- Choncho supuni imodzi ya boric acid imadzipangidwira mu madzi okwanira 1 litre.
- Pambuyo pa boron imasungunuka kwathunthu, kuwonjezera 10 malita a madzi otentha firiji (20-25 madigiri).
Tikupereka kuyang'ana kanema za feteleza pa karoti kuchokera ku boron ndi kukonzekera kwake:
Kukonzekera njira yothetsera njira zonse
Mu malita 10 a madzi otentha (madigiri 50-60) sungunulani 3-4 magalamu a potaziyamu permanganate ndi zambiri boron (pafupi ndi nsonga ya supuni ya supuni).
Timapereka kuwonera kanema za feteleza permanganate ndi asidi asidi:
Nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito fetereza?
Manyowa ndi mankhwala a boron ayenera kukhala m'chilimwe kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa July mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa August. Ndiye zipatso zidzakhala zolemera mu mtundu ndi zokoma kwa kukoma. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza bwino tsiku lonse.
Boron ndi potassium permanganate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa kasupe pa nthawi ya kukula kwa mwana. Manyowa ayenera kukhala madzulo.
Feteleza
Musanabzala, Boron amafesa osati zipatso zokha, komanso mbewu. Manyowa abwino ndi njira yothetsera boric acid ndi nayitrogeni. Chifukwa chosowa nayitrogeni, chomeracho chimasiya kukula, ndipo masambawo amatembenukira chikasu ndi zoonda.
Kuti kukula kwa kaloti, zilowerere mbeu mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, kuwonjezera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a tsp ya boric acid ndi hafu ya tsp ya nitrojeni.
Atatha
Karoti amafunika potaziyamu pa kukula. Potash feteleza kuteteza chomera ku fungal ndi matenda a tizilombo. Choncho, nthawi ya kumera, kaloti ayenera kumera ndi potaziyamu yankho. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito 2-3 nthawi: hafu ya supuni ya supuni ya potaziyamu pa ndowa.
Manyowa abwino ndi nitrophoska - zovuta za nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Mu nthawi ya kumera ndi kothandiza kaloti kudyetsa. Yankho lirikonzedwa motere: supuni imodzi ya nitrophoska pa malita atatu a madzi.
Nthawi ndi nthawi
Karoti feteleza ayenera kuyamba pamene mbewu zimayamba kumera. Panthawi imeneyi, mchere wothandiza kwambiri kumalima. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni. Chiwerengero cha feteleza chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 150 magalamu, pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zonse.
Kuti karoti ikhale bwino, Masabata atatu pambuyo pa fetereza yoyamba, gwiritsani ntchito njira ya potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni: 10 malita a madzi asungunule supuni imodzi ya potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni. Pamene mapangidwe apamwamba a fetus ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito feteleza kachiwiri. Ikani feteleza popanda zigawo za nayitrogeni. Potaziyamu ndi yabwino kwambiri.
Processing kaloti kuchokera ku tizirombo
Kuti mupereke kaloti kwa tizirombo, mumasowa botolo la kutsitsila kupopera mbewu, madzi otentha ndi magolovesi.
- Kuchokera ku matenda a fungal potaziyamu permanganate amathandiza potaziyamu permanganate imodzi kuti ichepetse galamu limodzi la madzi ofunda mu malita 10.
- Pamene phulusa phulusa theka la supuni ya teaspoonful ya mankhwala imasungunuka mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda. Pamene karoti kuvunda bwino yankho chingakhale yankho la atatu supuni ya potaziyamu permanganate pa lita imodzi ya madzi.
Kupopera boric acid ndi wothandizira kwambiri wodwala tizilombo. Yankho lothandizira lidzakhala la kupewa.
Zotsatira za kupopera mankhwala osayenera
Kupopera mankhwala a boron ngati sakutsatira malamulowo kungawononge mwanayo:
- Ngati mumadutsa mlingo wa boron, chinthucho chidzawononga makompyuta a mwana wosabadwayo, kuwononga zomera.
- Ngati mankhwalawa sanagwiritsidwe ntchito mofanana, gawo lovuta kuti lifike pa karoti silingalandire zinthu zofunikira pa chitukuko ndi thanzi. Kotero zotsatira za kupopera mbewu mankhwala zafupika.
- Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira, ndiye boric acid crystals sichitha mu madzi ndikupsa.
Kuti boric acid ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito imodzi, m'pofunika kutsatira malamulo opanga ndi kupopera mankhwala. Tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera madzulo kapena nyengo yamvula. Pewani mapangidwe a madontho akulu a yankho pa masamba.
Nkofunika kuti kuthirira kwachinyamata kumachitika pamwamba pa dera lonse lapansi, ndi akuluakulu - pokha pa kukula ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono.
Kusamalira bwino zokolola za kaloti - chinsinsi cha zipatso zokoma ndi zathanzi. Ngati kuli kovuta kubzala mbewu kapena kusamera, ndiye kuti mungathe kuwononga. Ndikovuta kwambiri kuchiza matenda kusiyana ndi kuwaletsa kuti asachitike. Choncho, kaloti amafuna mosamala yokonza ndi nthawi zonse feteleza.
