Munda wa masamba

Kodi kaloti ziyenera kumera liti mutabzalidwa ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani izi sizikuchitika? Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani?

Kawirikawiri njira yophweka yokhala ndi kaloti ikhoza kukhala yolephera. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri izi, monga kaloti ziri pakati pa mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutsatira malamulo ena - izi zimaphatikizapo kukonzekera bwino kwa nthaka, kusankha mbeu zabwino, ndi kukonzekera koyamba.

Ntchito zambiri zofunikira komanso zopanda ntchito kwambiri zidzakulitsa mpata wabwino wa kaloti komanso kukula kwake m'nyengo yachilimwe.

Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi muphunziranso chifukwa chake mbeu sizimera kapena kuphuka kwa nthawi yayitali ndi choti achite ngati zomera zakula m'mundamo pamabedi sizikula bwino ndipo nthawi yochuluka yapita pofesa mbewu, koma palibe zotsatira, mwachitsanzo, patatha mwezi, ndipo Kodi pali mankhwala amtundu uliwonse omwe angapangitse kuti mbeu zisinthe?

Kodi ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji kuyembekezera mbande ndipo ndi nthawi iti imene tiyenera kudandaula za kupezeka kwawo?

Monga lamulo, mphukira zoyamba za kaloti zimapezeka pafupifupi 10-30 masiku mutabzala. Kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwa nthawi kumakhala chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri, ndizo:

  • Kubzala kaloti - mwachitsanzo, kaloti, zomwe zinabzalidwa chisanafike nyengo yozizira, zidzakula mofulumira kuposa zomwe zimabzalidwa masika. Pamene kasupe kufesa, palinso kusiyana - kuti karoti, yomwe idabzalidwa mu Meyi, idzafulumira kuposa April karoti. Ngati mutaphika mabedi musanadzalemo, izi zidzatenthetsa nthaka ndikuonjezeranso mwayi wofulumira kumera mbewu.
  • Mtundu wa dothi - kuwala, chonde, nthaka yosasunthika ndi dothi la mchenga zimathandiza kuti mofulumira kumera kwa kaloti.
  • Chinyezi - Nthaka mokwanira musanadzalemo mbewu ndi zofunika kwambiri kwabwino komanso mwamsanga karoti mphukira.
  • Mbeuyi yakhala ikukonzekera (kuyamwa, kukulirakulira mankhwala).
  • Chigawo cha nyengo - kum'mwera madera, mphukira zoyamba za kaloti zimatha masiku 5-10, m'madera ozizira, kumera masiku 15-30.

Zifukwa za kusapezeka kapena zochepa mphukira

  1. Nthaka yosauka bwino - Kawirikawiri zimayambitsa kuphuka kwa mbewu.
    • Choyamba, mwinamwake nthaka ya mtundu wokhayo si yabwino kwa kaloti kuti ikule.
    • Chachiwiri, nthaka silingakonzedwe mokwanira kubzala.
    Kukonzekera kwa nthaka ndi feteleza ziyenera kuchitika m'dzinja, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Zowononga bwino humus kapena kompositi, manyowa atsopano a kaloti si abwino.

    Kuwonjezera apo, karoti imakonda nthaka ndi pang'ono acidity (pH mlingo wa 5.5-7) - choncho, ngati nthaka imakhala yochuluka kwambiri, choko ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti idye. Ngati dothi liri lolemera kwambiri, liyenera kusakanizidwa ndi peat, utuchi kapena mchenga.

    Kaloti sakonda kuti abzalidwe pamalo omwewo kwa zaka zitatu mzere. Choncho, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse musinthe malo, pamene mukutsatira malamulo angapo - kabichi, tomato, nkhaka, anyezi, ndi mbatata adzakhala okonzeka kwambiri a kaloti. Madera omwe mabakiteriya, katsabola, parsley, udzu winawake wa udzu winawake, parsnips, ndi chitowe sali oyenera kaloti si oyenera kaloti.

  2. Mbewu yopanda chilema - mwatsoka, chifukwa chosowa kumera chingakhale mbewu zochepa. Ndikofunika kugula mbewu m'masitolo apadera, omwe amakhazikitsidwa bwino. Monga lamulo, mbewu zoterezo zakonzedwa kale kuti zifesedwe, zodwala matenda ndi tizirombo.

    Ngati mbewu zogulidwa pamsika, zitengedwa kuchokera kwa abwenzi kapena akuluakulu, ndizofunikira kuchita chisanachitike chithandizo (mwachitsanzo, kumizani mbewu mu njira yothetsera micronutrients, yikani muyeso ndi phulusa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti yosungirako mbeu yosadzalidwe musanagwiritse ntchito.

  3. Kuchuluka kwa mbeu kapena kuchepa kwa mbeu - Ngati mbewu zafesedwa mozama kwambiri, zingayambitsenso kulephera. Ngati dothi liri lotayirira, ndiye musanayambe dothi muyenera kuthirira, ndiye mubzalani mbeu mozama kuposa 1 masentimita, ndikuwaza nyemba kapena mchenga pamwamba. Pofuna kupewa kupangidwira pamwamba, bedi likhoza kuphimbidwa ndi filimuyo. Ngati nyemba zimabzalidwa pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka, mvula yamasika kapena chilimwe ikhoza kutsuka mbewu.
  4. Tizilombo - Mu masika, osati zomera zokha zokha, koma tizilombo timene timadyetsa mbewu ndi mphukira zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, nyerere zowonongeka.
  5. Kupanda kuthirira - kaloti ngati dothi lonyowa, kotero kuti musanafese ndikuyenera kutsanulira mokwanira bedi lakumunda. Ndiponso, kuti muteteze chinyezi, mungagwiritse ntchito filimuyo, mutaphimba munda mutabzala. Kuonjezera apo, mbewuzo zili ndi mafuta ofunika omwe amaletsa madzi kuti asalowe mu germ. Pofuna kupewa izi, zimalimbikitsidwa kukonzekera mbewu yambewu isanakwane, kapena kugula mbewu zomwe zatha kale.

Ndondomeko yothandizira ndi ndondomeko: choyenera kuchita ngati palibe ziphuphu?

Kodi mungatani ngati masambawo sanawonekere pa nthawi yoyenera ndipo kaloti siinakula?

  1. Kupaka kwapadera - chifukwa kaloti ndi zofunika kwambiri kukonzekera dothi. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mu kugwa powonjezerapo feteleza feteleza kunthaka ndikuzilemba mosamala.

    Ngati kukonzekera kwa autumn sikukuchitika, kapena sikutheka kugwiritsa ntchito organic feteleza, mchere feteleza akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito - izi, 50 g wa nayitrogeni, 50 g ya potashi ndi 40 g wa phosphate feteleza ayenera kusakaniza pa 1 mamita munda. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri mutabzala, mungathe kupatsanso chakudya chowonjezera - chifukwa cha izi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu sulphate (1 tbsp.) Ndi azofoski (1 tbsp.), Amene ayenera kusungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi.

  2. Mavuto apadera - mutabzala, m'pofunika kupewa kumwa madzi sabata yoyamba, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi, karoti imatha. Ndichifukwa chake kuthirira mabedi kuyenera kuchitidwa musanafese, osati pambuyo pake.
  3. Chophimba kumalo - mutabzala, makamaka ngati sali pafupi ndi madera akumwera, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito filimu kuti muzitha kubisala - chifukwa cha filimuyo, mbewuzo zidzatetezedwa ku chisanu, ndipo chinyezi chidzakhalabe m'nthaka yaitali. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalitsa nkhani kumathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa namsongole.

    Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, nkofunika kuti asachedwe ndi kuwombera kaloti - choncho ndi bwino kuwona momwe bedi lirilonse mutabzala, ndipo atangoyamba kubzala, chotsani filimuyo.

  4. Kuthirira ammonia (mankhwala wamba) - ammonia ndi feteleza yosakanizidwa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitukuko chokwanira kaloti kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula, komanso njira zowonetsera tizirombo. Njira yothetsera mabedi imakonzedwera motere - 2 tbsp. l 10% ammonia imathamanga mu 10 malita a madzi.

Kodi ndendende simukufunikira kuyembekezera kuphuka?

Ngati patadutsa masiku 30, mphukira zoyamba sizimawonekere, m'pofunika kubzala kachiwiri, ndikuyesera kuthetsa zolakwika, kuti musakumane ndi vuto lomwelo kachiwiri.

Kuletsa kubwereza

Ngati simunayambe June 10-15, ndiye kuti mungakhale ndi nthawi yokonzanso kaloti, mutakonza bedi. Ngati mukukonzekera kubzala mitundu yokolola, imaloledwa kubzala kotsiriza pa June 20-21.

Tsiku lofesa lomwe likubweranso mtsogolo lidzakulitsa mwayi wa kumera bwino chifukwa cha nthaka yotentha, kutenthetsa kutentha masana, kuchepa kwa karoti ntchentche zozizira (ngati kubwezeretsanso kumachitika mu June), zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mtsogolo.

Ndikofunikira kuchita zinthu zina zokonzekera, makamaka:

  1. Njuchi za mbewu zosayenera - izi zimayenera kudzaza madzi ofunda ndikupita kwa maola 10. Mbeu yoyipa idzayandama, ndipo zabwinozo zidzakhala pansi.
  2. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mukhoza kukonzekera mbeu - zilowerereni maola angapo mu njira yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena njira yothetsera phulusa. Pambuyo kudumpha mbewu zouma ndi kubzalidwa. Komanso madzulo a kufesa, mukhoza kumangowonjezera mbewu tsiku limodzi mu nsalu yonyowa.
  3. Musanabzala, nkoyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dothi latha bwino. Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kuthirira, ndipo pambuyo pake kuti mubzalitse mbewu.
  4. Panthawi yomwe ikufika, nkofunika kukumbukira za kukula kwa mtunda - 1 masentimita.
  5. Ngati nyengo yozizira isanakhazikitsidwe, mukhoza kuphimba mabedi ndi filimu, koma panthawi yomweyi yang'anani momwe mabedi amaonera tsiku lililonse kuti asawononge nthawi yomwe filimu iyenera kuchotsedwa.

Ngati karoti ikukhumudwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mphukira zoyamba, ndi bwino kumvetsetsa zifukwa ndikukonza zolakwa zomwe zapangidwa panthawi yomwe mukubwezeretsanso. Kutsata moyenera malangizowo kudzawonjezera mwayi wopambana ndi kusangalala ndi zokolola za kaloti kumapeto kwa nyengo.