Ahimenez ndi membala wa banja la Gesneriev. Pali mitundu yoposa makumi asanu ya zamoyo zosathazi padziko lapansi. Ahmenes a ku South - Central ndi Central America, amadziwika kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Nkhaniyi ikuuzeni za zinsinsi zonse za kukula maluwa kunyumba.
Mukudziwa? Ahimenez - wachibale wa violets.
Kukula kwa achimenez
Ahimenez amatchedwa "maluwa amatsenga" chifukwa cha kukongola kwake. Ngati mumatsatira chisamaliro cha achimaeneni, zomera zimakupatsani maluwa okongola.
Zolemba za dothi
Nthaka yabwino ya chomera ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka yomwe imapangidwira anthu achikunja. Zonsezi zimasinthidwa. Ahimenez akhoza kukhala wamkulu pa gawo lopanda nthaka, lopangidwa ndi peat ndi kuwonjezera kwa ufa wophika ndi feteleza apamwamba, komanso pa gawo lapansi la peat, chikopa cha kokonati, humus ndi vermiculite.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Ahimenez amakonda malo okongola komanso kuyatsa bwino. Kuti mbeu ikhale pachimake pa nyengo yokula, ndi bwino kuika mphika ndi maluwa pazenera zowoneka bwino. Zenera ayenera kuyang'ana kummawa kapena kumwera chakum'maŵa.
Pansi pazenera mzenera mdima, monga kuwala kwa dzuŵa kumawononga masamba. Ndi chiyambi cha maluwa Ahimenez kukonzanso pazing'ono za dzuwa. M'chilimwe, tenga chomera ku loggia kapena veranda. Ahimenez ayenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi dzuwa. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito miphika yopachikidwa.
Mavuto otentha
Chipinda chomangira nyumba monga achimenes chimafuna kutentha kwabwino. Pa nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi chitukuko (kuyambira autumn mpaka chaka) kutentha kumayenera kukhala 24 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, 18 ° С idzakhala yochuluka, chifukwa panthawi ino chomera chili ndi nthawi yopumula.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kumafunika kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, pamene mizu ikupeza mphamvu kuti mukhale ndi nyengo yozizira.
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, mumatha kusungunuka bwinobwino, kutentha kwa kunja kumakhala pansi pa 20 ° C.
Thandizani panthawi ya pachimake cha achimenmen
Kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza nthaka yachitsamba ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula achimenes. M'gawo lino, tikukuwuzani za malingaliro oyenera kulondera duwa nthawi ya maluwa.
Pa nthawi yogwira kukula, chomera chimafuna nthawi zonse kuthirira madzi okwanira. Zitsulo zina zatha zouma, ndipo izi zingayambitse kukula kwa mphukira. M'nthaŵi ya budding chilala chimabweretsa wilting wa maluwa.
Panthawi yopuma, kuthirira kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Mmerawo umathiriridwa pambuyo pa dziko lapansi lomwe liri louma kwambiri ndi pamphepete mwa mphika. Izi zimachitika kamodzi pa mwezi. Kupopera maluwa sakonda, chifukwa masamba ndi maluwa amatha kutaya maonekedwe awo okongoletsera.
Kupopera mbewu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma osati kutaya, koma kupyolera mu bubu laling'ono. Kudyetsa achimenez wamng'ono kumafuna nthawi zambiri, makamaka pambuyo pochoka. Manyowa ayenera kukhala kamodzi pa sabata ndi zovuta feteleza kuti zitsamba za m'nyumba. Pa nthawi ya maluwa ayenera kumera ndi mkulu wa nayitrojeni. Pakati pa budding amagwiritsa ntchito kuvala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Mukudziwa? Kwa alangizi otanganidwa ali ndi feteleza zovuta mu ndodo. Amaikidwa m'mphika, ndipo ali ndi mchere wokhawokha.
Chofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha achimenez ndikulumikiza. Izi zachitika kumayambiriro oyambirira. Kusinthanitsa ndi Ahimenez kumayamba ndi mapangidwe awiri awiri a masamba ndipo zatsopano zikuwoneka pa mphukira zazing'ono. Mukhoza kubwereza zowunikila mpaka masamba oyambirira akuwonekera.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Ahimenez ndi chomera chozizira. Mpweya wabwino kwambiri wa mpweya kwa 60%. Chomera sichisowa kupopera mbewu, ndikwanira kuyika phokoso la maluwa pamphuno ndi miyala yowonongeka.
Mukhozanso kuika chidebe chaching'ono ndi madzi pafupi ndi achimenez. Kutaya mbewu sikoyenera, chifukwa izi zimabweretsa mawanga pa masamba.
Mukudziwa? Ahmenez anafotokozedwa mu 1754 ndi Patrick Brown, yemwe ankafufuza Jamaica ndi malo ake panthawiyo.
Mbali za chisamaliro panthawi ya maluwa ena onse
Nthawi yopumula kunyumba yachimenez ili zoposa miyezi inayi. Panthawiyi, mbali ya maluwa imatha. Mu September, mbewuyo imasiya kukula, siimapanga masamba atsopano, ndipo masamba amasanduka bulauni ndi kufa.
Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti wolima ayenera kusiya kuthirira mbewu. Iyenera kuchitidwa pang'onopang'ono. Musadulire mbali yobiriwira musanafike msanga, chifukwa ma rhizomes alibe nthawi yochotsera zinthu zonse zothandiza pamasamba. Nthambi iyenera kuuma, ndipo pokhapo idulani.
Mphika ukhoza kuikidwa pamalo amdima ndi ozizira popanda kuchotsa nodule ku mphika wakale.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati abusa anu amalekerera nyengo yoyamba yozizira, ndiye bwino kuti musamamwe madzi nthawi ino.
Panthawi yopuma madzi madzi zomera mofatsa. Kusefukira kumabweretsa kuwuka kofulumira, ndipo izi zimabweretsa chitukuko cha mphukira zofooka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kuwala.
Ngati archimenez atachoka, perekani zabwino. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito masana. Ngati chomera sichidzuka kwa nthawi yayitali, khalani madzi kamodzi kokha ndi kutentha kwa madzi pafupifupi 50 ° C.
Ngati mulibe chomera pano, koma mukudziwa kale kukula kwa ahimenez kunyumba, timalangiza kugula mofulumira. Chomeracho ndi wodzichepetsa, chimamasula kwambiri komanso chilimwe.
Mukudziwa? Chomerachi chimafika 30 - 45 cm mu msinkhu, kawirikawiri ndi maluŵa ofiira.
Zowona za kuikidwa kokwanira
Ahimenez amafunika kuikidwa m'mwamba monga momwe amachitira kukula, komanso zomera zatsopano. Kuwombera ndi ntchito yofunika yomwe imakhudza thanzi la Achimenen. Ngati muli ndi chomera chaching'ono, ndiye kuti muzitha kuika mitengo yambiri ya Ahimmen mu March ndi April. Rhizomes anabzala pamaso pa March adzafuna kuunikira kwina. Chifukwa chake, mumapeza mphukira zofooka zomwe zingakhudze maluwa mtsogolo.
Rhizomes, zomwe zimabzalidwa m'mwezi wa May ndi mtsogolo, zimathandiza kuti nthawi yayitali ikule. Kuonjezera apo, iwo amatha mochedwa kulowa mu mpumulo - mu October kapena November. Choncho, Ahimenez adzadzuka kenako, ndipo kudzatenga zaka zingapo kubwezeretsanso thanzi lawo labwino.
Chomera chinamera rhizomes, chifukwa popanda kuphuka chomera chingayambe kuvunda ndi madzi okwanira ambiri. Kufalitsa rhizomes mmwamba ndikuwaza ndi wosanjikiza dothi 0.5-3 masentimita wandiweyani.
Ndikofunikira! Mzere umadalira kukula kwa rizom.
Ngati miphika iuma mofulumira (mu masiku amodzi kapena awiri), ndiye chomera chanu chikufunika kuchulukitsa dothi. Kuti muchite izi, sungani chomeracho tsiku lomwe musanalowetse, pindulani mphika ndikuchotsa chomera pamodzi ndi earthy ball. Kenaka ikani chomeracho ndi mphika mumphika watsopano ndikutsanulira nthaka pambali. Gwiritsani mphika pang'ono kuti mugwe pansi.
Kusamba madzi madzi. Tikukulimbikitsani kuchita izi pasanafike pakati pa mwezi wa August.
Mukudziwa? Malo ogawa a Ahimenez akuthamanga kuchokera kumpoto kwa Mexico kupita ku Brazil. Maluwa onse amakhala masiku awiri mpaka atatu, koma masamba atsopano amawoneka ndi otseguka, kotero kuti maluwa ake amatha kuyambira May mpaka Oktoba.
Njira zoberekera achimenes
Kubereka kwa achimenes kumachitika m'njira zitatu. - mbewu, cuttings ndi kugawa kwa rhizomes.
Mbewu
Mbeu za Ahimaini zimapezeka kunyumba.
Chomeracho chimapanga zipatso zobiriwira, zomwe zimakhalabe mpaka mbewuzo zitatha. Pambuyo maluwa, nyemba zimabala miyezi 2.5. Zipatso ziyenera kukhala zofewa. Iwo amakololedwa ndikufesedwa mu February kapena March. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga ndi tsamba lapansi. Mukhozanso kubzala mbewu mu mchenga wouma.
Ndikofunikira! Pewani mbeu pamwambapa sikofunika.
Mphamvu ndi mbewu zimathirira madzi ndi zokuta ndi galasi. Malo okwirira ndi amdima, kutentha kumayenera kukhala 22-24 ° C.
Mbewu mlengalenga ndi madzi kuchokera mu khola. Mudzawona mphukira yoyamba mu masabata 2-3. Pambuyo pake, mbande imathamanga katatu. Pa nthawiyi, sintha miphika, kuonjezera pamutu. Ndiye chomeracho chimabzalidwa kale mu mphika wamuyaya ndikuyang'anitsitsa ngati wamkulu.
Cuttings
Njira yoperekera imeneyi sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa achimeni. Kuphatikizira sankhani pakati kapena m'munsi mwa mphukira za zomera ndikuziwongolera mchenga kapena mu gawo lapansi lofanana ndi tsamba lapansi ndi mchenga. Ndiye wothira ndi kuphimbidwa ndi mtsuko wa galasi. Chinthu chachikulu sichiyenera kusungunula nthaka mochuluka, chifukwa ndi madzi okwanira a cuttings kuvunda.
Kupititsa patsogolo njira ya rooting achimenez ikhoza kusungidwa ndi m'munsi ndi kukonzanso zochitika monga Kornevin kapena Heteroauxin. Pambuyo pa masiku khumi ndi limodzi, tsinde la tsinde limayambira mizu, ndipo patatha masiku angapo - ipange tubers.
Mizu yodulidwa kale iyenera kuikidwa mu chisakanizo cha zomera zazikulu ndi kusamalira.
Gawo la rhizomes
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka April. Ngati mukufuna kukula zomera zambiri mumphika umodzi, mphukira sizingagawidwe kapena kubzalidwa m'magawo angapo, opangidwa ndi gawo lotayirira. Pambuyo pooneka mphukira zoyamba, achimenez imasamutsira pamalo owala. Apo, nthawi yake yoyamba kuti pritenyat.
Mphukira yotupa imalimbitsidwa ndi mapulogalamu apadera. Kotero iwo amakula vertically. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5, yambani kudyetsa mbewu nthawi zonse. Zidzatheka kuchita izi kawiri pamwezi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kwazomera zapakhomo, koma kuyambira August, mugwiritsire ntchito feteleza ndi potaziyamu yowonjezera.
Zikakhala bwino, zomera zimakula, ndipo maluwa a achimenes amaonekera patatha miyezi inayi. Mukafalitsa ndi cuttings, ndiye maluwa idzayamba mu miyezi itatu, ndipo ngati ndi mbeu, kumapeto kwa chaka chachiwiri.
Kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a achimenez
Matenda a achimenes amapezeka kawirikawiri. Matenda amatha kupezeka ngati nthawi zonse mumayendera tchire la Ahimenez, komanso ngati mutayesetsa kulima ndi kusamala, mbeuyo idzakhala yathanzi ndipo nthawi zambiri imakondwera ndi masamba okongola.
Ngati chomera chanu chikuyamba kufota masamba, ndiye kuti chomera chimayamba kukonzekera nthawi yopumula.
Zouma zouma zingathe kudula mosamala. Mu mphika ayenera kukhala ndi rhizomes. Iwo akhoza kuikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki, atatha kukumba iwo kunja. Thumba liyenera kudzazidwa ndi mchenga kapena chips. Izi zidzathandiza mpweya kufalikira mkati mwa phukusi.
Rhizomes ayenera kuikidwa pamalo amdima ndikuwonetsetsa kutentha kwabwino ndi mpweya wabwino.
Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kapena ndi chinyezi choposa, achimenes akhoza kukhudzidwa ndi kuvunda kwa imvi. Kuchiza chomeracho chingakhale motere: zokhudzidwa zimayambira ndipo masamba amachotsedwa, ndipo mphika umasintha nthaka ndipo imachizidwa ndi fungicide.
Ngati mawanga ofiira aoneka pamwamba pa masamba, amatanthauza kuti munamwetsa mbewuyo ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri.
Ngati masambawo atakhala ofiira, ndiye kuti kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipinda kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, ventilate chipinda nthawi zambiri.
Monga mutha kumvetsetsa, kubzala nyumba, monga ahimenes, ndiko kukonzekera bwino ndipo sikufuna khama. Kotero inu mukhoza kugula bwinobwino maluwa awa ndi chomera pakhomo. Chomeracho chidzakondweretsa iwe ndi masamba okongola.
