Ficus elastica (wobala mphira) ndi mtundu wamtundu wobiriwira wochokera kubanja la Mulberry. Kwawoko - Zisumbu zaku Indonesia za Sumatra, Java ndi dziko la India la Assam.
Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha msuzi wamadzimadzi wokhala ndi mphira.
Kufotokozera kwa Ficus Elastic
Chomera, m'malo achilengedwe, chimafikira kutalika kwa 40 m, chikakula mkati mwake chimakula mpaka 10 m, koma izi sizachilendo, monga lamulo, kutalika sikuli kupitirira 1 m.
Masamba amtengowo ndi chowala chowala ndi malekezero, m'malo mwake amakula (kutalika mpaka 30 cm). Ali aang'ono, a bulauni, okalamba - obiriwira amdima.
Zipatso ndi zachikasu zobiriwira, zowonda, masentimita awiri.Posunga kunyumba, maluwa a ficus ndi osowa kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Elastics Yokulira Panyumba
Ficus yokhala ndi mphira imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamkati yomwe imasiyana masamba, kutalika kwa kukula ndi kusamalira bwino.
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Chisamaliro | |
| Robusta | Wamtali, nthambi, wokhala ndi masamba. Yeretsani bwino mpweya. | Osalemekeza komanso olimba. Imafuna chithandizo. Oyenera oyamba kumene. | |
| Melanie | Chomeracho, chokongoletsera, chitsamba, masamba sindibiri kwambiri zobiriwira zakuda. | Osalemekeza. | |
| Abidjan | Kukula mwachangu, kumakhala ndi masamba obiriwira a maroon, oterera pakuwala. | Osalemekeza. Pini timafunika kuti mbewuyo isatambasule. | |
| Kalonga wakuda | Masamba ozungulira amdima amasintha mtundu kutengera kuyatsa. | Hardy, imalekerera kusiyana kwa kutentha, kupatsirana ndikotheka nthawi iliyonse pachaka. | |
| Belize | Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino m'mphepete. | Kufunafuna kuyatsa kwabwino. M'nyengo yotentha amakonda malo otseguka, koma samakonda dzuwa. Moody. | |
| Tineke | Zosiyanasiyana. | Mosiyana ndi kuyera, palibe mithunzi yapinki posudzulana. | Wokonda kutentha, salekerera kukonzekera. Amakonzekeretsa kubereka mwa kuyala. Mavalidwe apamwamba ayenera kukhala ndi nayitrogeni. Mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo, mutha kupanga chitsamba ndi mtengo. Moody. |
| Sriveriana | Madontho obiriwira obiriwira amateteza pafupifupi gawo lonse la pepalalo. | Kuchepetsa kutentha ndi kuthirira. Mochulukitsa zomerazo, masamba amaterera ndikugwa. | |
| Tricolor | Madontho pamasamba amatha kujambulidwa kuchokera pamtundu woyera, wobiriwira, mpaka wapinki. | Wokonda moto, amakonda kuyatsa kwabwino. Ndi kusowa kwake kwa mitundu yapadera kumatayika. Kutsirira ndizochepa, chinyezi chambiri chimapangitsa kuti masamba asamasuke. Amagwidwa ndi tizirombo, koma kupewa tizirombo titha kuteteza. | |
| Variegata | Mitundu yayitali kwambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma masamba ndi ochepa. | Wokonda kutentha, salekerera kukonzekera. M'zipinda zozizira kwambiri amafa. Kamodzi pamwezi, kupopera zochuluka ndi madzi, kutsina ndikofunikira. | |
Ficus wasamalira kunyumba
Mwambiri, mitundu ya mphira wa firayi ndi wonyozeka. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zinthu zingapo kuti musawononge mbewuyo.
Malo, kuyatsa
Maluwa amakonda malo owala, koma ndi kuwala kosiyanitsidwa. Mthunzi ndi mawonekedwe ake pang'ono umayimitsa kukula kwake, ndipo kuwongolera dzuwa kungakhale kovulaza. Komanso posankha malo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga mitundu yowala kuposa kuwala.
Pewani malo muzojambula, pamene zenera limatsegulidwa, ndikofunikira kuwunika kuti mpweya wozizira usagwere pamalowo.
Kutentha
Mu nthawi yamasika-chilimwe amathandizira + 20 ... +25 ºC. M'nyengo yozizira - osati wotsika kuposa +15 ºC. Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba a monophonic okha ndi omwe amatha kupirira kutentha kwa nthawi yochepa kuti +5 ºC.
Chinyezi Chinyezi
Thirirani mbewuyo nthawi zonse, koma osachuluka, nthaka yomwe ili mumphika iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono.
Kuchuluka kapena kusakwanira kwa hydrate kumakhudza thanzi la ficus, kumazimiririka, kusiyanasiyana.
Anawaza mu kasupe ndi chilimwe ndi madzi otentha owiritsa. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kungochilola kuti chikhale masiku angapo kutentha kwa firiji. Pukuta masamba ndi chinkhupule chonyowa kumbali zonse ziwiri.
Kusankha kwa mphika, dothi, kumuika, kuvala pamwamba
Zomera zazing'ono zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, nthawi ya masika kapena chilimwe. Akuluakulu akafuna kukula (zaka zitatu), iwo mumphika azikhala wocheperako. Poletsa kukula kwa mizu, ndi bwino kusakhudza akale. Zokhazo zapamwamba zokha ndizofunika kuzisintha chaka chilichonse.
Dothi - gawo lokonzekera lopangidwa ndi ma ficuse kapena mawonekedwe ena:
- dziko la turf (magawo awiri);
- tsamba, peat ndi mchenga (gawo limodzi).
Kugulitsa kumachitika ndi transshipment.
Chapakatikati - m'chilimwe ndikofunikira kudyetsa kawiri pamwezi, nthawi yozizira pokhapokha ngati kukula kwake (ndendeyo imadulidwa). Feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe amadzimadzi (popanga zokongoletsera zokongoletsa). Duwa lakale lokhazikika bwino limadyetsedwa ndi mullein solution, litatha kunyowetsa nthaka.
Mapangidwe a Korona
Kuchepetsa ficus, kuti ilimbikitse kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano ndikupanga korona, imachitika kumapeto kwa dzinja. Imachitika pambuyo kuvala pamwamba, patatsala mwezi umodzi kumuika.
Zipangizo za ndondomekoyi - mpeni wakuthwa, lumo kapena tsamba - ndizophera majakisoni ndi mowa.
Kuti apatsidwe ulemu, mphukira imadulidwa ndi masentimita 10-15 (ma inferior atatu) onse apical komanso ofananira nawo, pomwe omaliza akudulidwa ndikusiya impso lakunja.
Madzi otchuka amkaka amachotsedwa, magawo amathandizidwa ndi makala.
Kuswana
Kunyumba, ficus imafalitsidwa mchaka ndi njira zitatu.
Masamba
Tsamba lokhala ndi chogwirira limayikidwa m'madzi ofunda. Pambuyo pakupanga mizu, wobzalidwa mosapumira, mpaka pansi, m'nthaka (dothi lapadera la ficus). Pindani chinsalu ndikuchomeka ndi chingwe.
Kudula
Zidutswa zomwe zatsalira mutazidulira timazidulira mu kapu ndi madzi. Mukasiyanitsa madzi amkaka, ayikonzenso mumchombo china kapena mwachindunji mumphika ndi dothi, kuti muzu uzikire.
Kuti afulumizitse njirayi, amuphimba ndi mtsuko wowonekera, ndikupangitsa kuti iwoneke ngati wowonjezera kutentha. Mazu adzachitika mu mwezi.
Kuyika
Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri. Kuwala kumapangidwa pamtengo (osapitirira 5 mm), machesi amayikidwa mmenemo. Amakulungidwa ndi moss wonyowa. Kukutira, filimu yakampopi. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mizu (miyezi 3-4), thunthu limalekanitsidwa ndikusinthidwa.
Zolakwika mu chisamaliro, matenda, tizirombo
Monga ficus iliyonse, mtundu wa mphira umatha kutenga matenda, makamaka ngati sungayang'aniridwe bwino. Kuti mupewe izi, yesetsani kuti musalakwitse.
| Mawonekedwe pamasamba, etc. | Chifukwa | Kuthetsa | |
| Yellowness, kugwa. |
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| Madontho. | Amdima. | Cercospore ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. | Magawo omwe akhudzidwa ndi matendawa amachotsedwa, owaza ndi fungicidal solution (Fitosporin). |
| Wachikasu. | Anthracnose kapena botritis. | ||
| Choyera kumapeto. | Lithocysts ndimachitika mwachilengedwe. | Palibe njira zomwe zimatengedwa. | |
| Brown kumapeto. | Dzuwa. | Konzaninso pamalo otetezedwa ku mphezi zachindunji. | |
| Pallor, kukula kubweza. | Kuperewera kwa zakudya. | Manyowa. | |
| Zovala zoyera. | Powdery mildew ndi fungal matenda (malo opanda mpweya wabwino). | Masamba omwe akhudzidwa amachotsedwa, kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides, nthawi ndi nthawi podutsa chipinda, kupewa kukonzekera. | |
| Kuthamanga ndi kuwunikira. | Kuwala kochulukirapo. | Kutsukidwa kwambiri mu chipindacho ndikuwunikira kochita kupanga. | |
| Torsion. | Kutentha kochepa. | Konzaninso mphikawo pamalo otentha. | |
| Imera ndi zotayirira. | Zovunda. | Kuchepetsa kuthirira. Ndi chigonjetso champhamvu, imawonongedwa. | |
| Kukongola kwa kubiriwira, mawonekedwe amphepo. | Spider mite. | Kukonzedwa ndi imodzi mwanjira: njira za mowa, adyo, masamba a anyezi, sopo; tizilombo tosangalatsa - phytosailus, amblyseus; mankhwala (actellik, fitoverm). | |
| Kunenepa, ziphuphu zazing'ono. | Chotchinga. | Utsi: zothetsera sopo, adyo, tsabola wowawa, anyezi; Aktara, Vertimek. | |
| Chovala chakotoni yoyera, kubwezeretsa kukula. | Mealybug. | Amatsukidwa ndi chinkhupule ndi yankho la sokosi, ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mowa. Anawazidwa ndi Actara, Fitoverm. | |
| Kukakamira. | Whitefly | Ikani matepi omatira azirombo, yankho la sopo, Actaru, Vertimek. | |
| Kusesa, kufinya, mafinya pamizu. | Nematode. | Ankachita ndi Phosphamide, Tank Ecogel. | |
| Wowoneka wopanda maonekedwe, woterera ndi kugwa. | Zopatsa. | Pukuta ndi sopo yankho. Ikani Fitoverm, Vertimek. | |
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala pachilimwe amadziwitsa: fikisi ya rabara - zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro
Chomera, malinga ndi zizindikiro zotchuka, ndi muzhegon, mnyumba momwe maluwawo mumapezeka amuna samazika mizu. Koma nthawi yomweyo amakopa mwayi mu ndalama. Chifukwa chake, malo ake abwino kwambiri pantchito, muofesi, izi zimathandizira pantchito, kuwonjezera malipiro kapena kukopa othandizira olemera.
Agogo athuwa nawonso amakhulupirira kuti ficus imakhala ndi phindu panjira ya kubereka, imathandizira kubereka. Ngati mukuyika maluwa kukhitchini, ndiye kuti satiety ndi chitetezo zimatsimikiziridwa kwa inu. Koma osayika kuchipinda, kumabweretsa chisokonezo ku maubale.
