Kodi ndi liti komanso kubzala mbande zotseguka? Malangizo othandizira pang'onopang'ono ndi mfundo

Basil ndi yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha zokometsera zake zokhala ndi zokometsera komanso zathanzi. Kubzala mbande zachitsulo pamalo otseguka - kutumiza mbande zakula kumalo osatha.

Gawo ili ndilofunika kuti zonunkhira zikhale zochepa kusiyana ndi kufesa mbewu: zokolola zonunkhira, kukula kwake ndi chitukuko chimadalira mwachindunji malo omwe amasankhidwa bwino ndi kuikidwa bwino.

Ndikofunika kudziwa malamulo oti mubzala chomera ichi, kuti mumusamalire bwino. Pa zovuta zonse zobzala mbande za basil pa mabedi ndipo tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Ndikadzala liti?

Nthawi ya kukula kwa mbande kuchokera kumbewu ya basil 45 - 60 masiku, malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zonunkhira (kukula kwa masiku oyambirira kucha (masiku 35 mpaka 45), kumapeto kwa masiku (55 - 70) komanso mochedwa (masiku 75 mpaka 90) mphukira yoyamba.

Kukonzekera kwathunthu kubzala kumatengedwa ngati mbande zomwe zimawoneka zokongola komanso zathanzi., ndi mizu yopangidwa bwino komanso phesi lokhazikika, ndi masamba angapo (5 - 6) amphamvu a mtundu wobiriwira, womwe umakhala wosiyanasiyana.

Kutentha

Zomwe zimafesa mbande za basil padothi zimadalira zifukwa zingapo, zomwe zimakhala nyengo: chifukwa basil ndi thermophilic chomera, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kugwera pansi + 15C, ndipo kuopsezedwa kwa kubwerera kwa chisanu kuyenera kutha.

Ngati mbande imabzalidwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti kuchepa kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kuvulaza achinyamata.

Mwezi wa chaka

Kwa madera osiyanasiyana a Russia, kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo zoterezi ndi zachilendo nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

• Ku Central Russia, m'chigawo cha Moscow. Malowa amadziwika ndi kutentha ndi dzuwa Lamlungu, koma wina sayenera kuthamangira kukwera kwa zonunkhira za "kum'mwera," chifukwa chisanu ndi chisanu chimakhala ngati dzuwa. Nthawi yabwino yoyendetsera nthawi ndikumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Nthawi yoyamba mukhoza kuonetsetsa kuti palibenso zomera zopanda pake, ndikukonzekera malo ogona a usiku agrofibre kapena filimu.
• Ku Siberia ndi Kumidzi. Siberia ndi m'midzi ndi malo ovuta kwambiri. Zidzakhala zovuta kuti zomera zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka zizigwirizana ndi nyengo zoterezi komanso nthawi imodzi kuti zikhale zokolola. Choncho, wamaluwa a dera lino ndibwino kuti asaike pangozi ndikubzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mu Meyi ndi June, ndikuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa mbande.

Malo

Kulima basil ndi malo abwino, omwe ali bwino (kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo) ndi kutetezedwa ku mphepo ndi ma drafts (pamodzi ndi mipanda kapena pafupi ndi zomangamanga, mungathe, pamodzi ndi zomera zapamwamba). Mafuta samaloleza malo okhazikika, chaka chilichonse malo ake ayenera kusinthidwa. Mafuta amakula bwino pambuyo pa mbewu monga anyezi, oyambirira ndi pakati kabichi, nkhaka, beets, tomato, mbatata, osati njira yabwino - kaloti, mochedwa kabichi.

Basil nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "antibiotic" m'munda kuti athe kuthandizira zamasamba ndi kuthetsa chilengedwe. Mtengo wokometsera wa chomera umatulutsa tomato, anyezi, tsabola, nkhaka ndi kabichi, kuwonetsa bwino whitefly ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Komanso, zonunkhira zopangidwa pamodzi ndi tomato, sizilola nkhungu ndi powdery mildew pa mbande.

Kukonzekera kwa nthaka ndi zolemba

Basil imakula bwino mu nthaka yowonongeka, yotetezedwa bwino komanso yathanzi. Ngati dothi pa chiwembu lilibe katundu, tafunikanso kuchita ntchito zingapo pokonzekera.

1. M'dzinja, malowa adakumba mpaka masentimita 25.
2. Pokumba, organic feteleza (humus, manyowa, kompositi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wa makilogalamu 2 mpaka 2.5 pa m ², komanso mineral: superphosphate (40 - 50 magalamu pa m²) ndi mchere wa potaziyamu (10 mpaka 15 magalamu pa m²).
3. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, malowa amamasulidwa kuya masentimita 10 mpaka 12, mukhoza kuwonjezera mchenga kapena mapeyala (1 -2 matumba olemera 25 kilo pa bedi) kuti ukhale wowala komanso wosasuntha.

Khwerero ndi sitepe kayendetsedwe kake

Kenaka, timapereka malangizo otsogolera pang'onopang'onokomanso ifenso tiyankhe funso limene limakondweretsa wamaluwa ambiri: kodi chomeracho chikaikidwa m'manda mutabzala?

1. Masabata awiri musanayambe kuika pamalo otseguka, m'pofunikira kuyamba kuyambitsa "kutentha": kutulutsa zitsamba ndi zomera zazing'ono (kutentha - osachepera kuposa 10С), kuonjezera nthawi yopuma tsiku lililonse.
2. Konzani mabowo mwa kukumba iwo mu mzere umodzi kapena kachitidwe ka checkerboard. Mtunda pakati pawo ndi masentimita 20 mpaka 25, pakati pa mizere yomwe ili kofunika kubwerera 25 - 30 centimita. Kuzama kwa malo oyendetsera fossa - masentimita 10.
3. Pa tsiku lodzala (ndi bwino ngati liri mvula kapena madzulo), zitsime ziyenera kutsukidwa (1 lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda otsekemera pa 1 bwino).
4. Zida zomwe zimakhala ndi mbande ziyenera kusakanizidwa mochulukira kuti zisawonongeke muzu pamene zikuchotsa mu chidebecho.
5. Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mosamala mu thanki, nthaka ndi mizu sikufunika kugwedeza.
6. Pamodzi ndi nsalu ya pansiyi, mphukira ya basil imayikidwa pakatikati pa dzenje, ndipo, kukulitsa chomera ku masamba oyambirira (malo a masamba a cotyledon), ili ndi nthaka.
7. Nthaka yozungulira tsinde iyenera kuyesedwa modekha kuti ikonzekere chitsamba chamtsogolo.
8. Chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa kachiwiri.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji mutatha?

Chiwembu cha chisamaliro cha mbande zokhazikika za basil ndizoyenera ndipo kumaphatikizapo kutsirira nthawi zonse, kumasula, kuvala, kupukuta.

• Mutabzala mbande pamalo otseguka, basil ayenera kumwa madzi tsiku ndi tsiku (0,5 - 1 litre pa chitsamba) kufikira atadzazidwa. Kenaka kuthirira kumakhala kosalekeza, ngati chimbudzi chimauma.

  Musagwiritsire ntchito madziwo pamtunda ndi madzi a matepi, bwino - mutakhazikika bwino ndikuwotcha dzuwa (mpaka 25C). Basil mwangwiro amavomereza madzi okwanira, akuchitidwa ndi njira yakugwa. Pambuyo kuthirira, nthaka yozungulira chitsamba iyenera kumasulidwa kuti itetewe mapangidwe a udzu wouma ndi maonekedwe a namsongole (mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri pa nyengo yonse ya kukula).

• Ndi maonekedwe a masamba a chikasu ndipo atatha kudula, basil ayenera kudyetsedwa. Pazifukwa izi, zoyenera za organic ndi mineral feteleza: mullein (1:10), manyowa a nkhuku (1:20), zothetsera nitrophoska (supuni 2 pa madzi okwanira 12 malita) kapena ammonium nitrate (1.5 supuni pa madzi okwanira 1 litre).
• Pamene basilini imakula mpaka masentimita 20, ndi kofunika kuti muzitsine pamwamba, ngati izi sizinachitike kale. Inflorescences zomwe zimaoneka m'chilimwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Ntchito izi zidzatulutsa nthambi ndi maonekedwe obiriwira.

Malinga ndi kutsatila zofunikira zonse zomwe zomera zomwe zimapanga thermophilic zimasamalira ndikulima, mukhoza kusangalala ndi zonunkhira ndi zokometsera zowirira chilimwe. Ndipo, pokhala atayanika masamba, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira yotentha masiku a chilimwe adzakumbukiridwa.