Plum ndi imodzi mwazomera zacipatso m'minda yathu. Si mitundu yonse yamakono yomwe yalandira chidwi chotere ndipo yatamandidwa monga Smolinka. Izi ndizosadabwitsa: pambuyo pofufuza mwatsatanetsatane zidapezeka kuti zopindulitsa zili ndi zabwino komanso zoperewera zazikulu.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Mitundu yapakatikati pa Smolinka idapezeka ku Institute of Horticulture and Nursery posachedwa: yakhala ikuyesedwa kosiyanasiyana kuyambira 1980, ndipo mu 1990 idalembetsa mu State Register of Selection Achievements ya Russian Federation. Smolinka adachokera ku mitundu yodziwika bwino ya Ochakovskaya chikasu ndi Greenclaw Ulensa. Aperekedwa kuti akalimbe m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko lathu, makamaka m'chigawo cha Tula.
Khalidwe la mtengo
Plum Smolinka amakula mu mtundu wa mtengo wawukulu, wotalika pafupifupi 5 mita. Korona ndi wozungulira-piramidi, kukula kwambiri sikumakhala kakhalidwe. Makungwa pa thunthu ndi nthambi za mafupa amakhala a bulauni, akhakula. Mphukira zimakhala zowongoka, zowongoka kumtunda zazing'onoting'ono, ma internodes ndizofanana kukula kwake. Masamba ndi akulu, mpaka 10 cm, palibe pubescence. Maluwa akulu, ophatikizidwa mu inflorescence. Mitumba yoyera, mpaka 1.5 cm.
Zomera zimayamba molawirira, pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June kukula kwa mphukira zachinyamata kwatha kale. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, mtengowo umakhala ngati wapuma pang'ono. Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira kwa maula a Smolink sikunasinthe ndipo kumalingaliridwa kukhala kwapakati, mkhalidwe womwewo ndi kulekerera chilala. M'nyengo yozizira, mtengowo umavutika kwambiri, koma umakhalanso nthawi yayitali. Kukana mitundu yayikulu yamatenda kumatithandizanso kuti ndi wamba, kupatula kleasterosporiosis: samakumana ndi mavuto.
Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzikwanira, zimafunikira opukutira mungu. Kukongola kwa Volga, koyambirira kwa Skorospelka, Vengerka Moskovskaya amadziwika kuti ndiye abwino kwambiri. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri, zokolola ndizambiri, zipatso zimacha pakatikati, pakati msewu - pakati pa Ogasiti. Zipatso zoyambirira zimakhala mchaka chachinayi mutabzala. Pa 1 m2 Zomwe korona amatola pafupifupi 4 kg za zipatso, ndiye kuti, zipatso zambiri pamtengo wachikulire ndi 20-25 kg. Kukula kwamtunduwu kumakhala koyenera: zaka zokolola zimasinthana ndi nyengo ndi mwina osabereka zipatso. Smolinka imakulidwa makamaka m'minda yamatenda.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Zipatso zake ndizosalala, zokulirapo, mpaka 45 mm kutalika, pang'ono pang'ono, zopaka mawonekedwe, zolemera 35 g (pazipita - mpaka 60 g). Msoko suwoneka. Peel ya sing'anga makulidwe. Mtundu wakunja ndi wofiirira wakuda ndi utoto wambiri wamtambo wa buluu, mkati mwake ndi wobiriwira wachikaso. Guwa limakhala lotalika pakatikati, lokoma komanso wowawasa, wabwino kapena wabwino wogwirizana. Zabwino za shuga mpaka 12%.
Zipatso za Smolinka ndi zipatso zaumamu zapamwamba: zonse mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wake, zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro la maula omwe takhala tikudziwa kuyambira ubwana
Mwalawo ndiwakukulu pakatundu, sulekana bwino ndi zamkati. Mapesi ndi okuda, mpaka 1.5 cm kutalika, olekanitsidwa bwino. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matebulo: zipatso zimadyedwa mwatsopano, koma kupanikizana kuphatikiza ndi zakumwa za zipatso ndizothekanso. Ma plums ndi oyeneranso kukonzekera zipatso zouma ndi kuzizira.
Kubzala mitundu ya maula Smolinka
Phula la smolink limabzalidwa mwanjira zachikhalidwe, koma ndikofunikira kulingalira za mitundu yokhayo ndikupanga chodzala pollinators oyenerera. Mtunda wa mitengo yoyandikana nawo uyenera kukhala wamphindi 3-4. Pakakhala pollinators, mwina sizigwira ntchito kuyesa chipatso.
Madeti ofikira, kukonzekera malo
Monga mitundu ina ya maula, Smolinka amabzala bwino nthawi ya masika (kubzala yophukira ndikotheka kumadera akumwera okha). Pakati pa msewu, nthawi yokwanira yoti mufikire imakhala theka lachigawo la Epulo komanso koyambirira kwa Meyi. Zowona, izi zimagwira ntchito wamba mbande, yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka. Mbande mumbale zingabzalidwe nthawi iliyonse, kupatula masiku otentha kwambiri. Mbeu zonse zokhala pachaka komanso zamitundu yambiri zimamera bwino.
Njira yosavuta ndikudzala mmera pachidebe, koma zimawononga ndalama zambiri
Monga mitundu yambiri ya maula, Smolinka amakonda malo owala bwino omwe ali otsekedwa ndi mphepo yozizira. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lachonde, loamy bwino, osatenga mbali zachilengedwe. Zosayenera kutsitsidwa, komanso malo okhala ndi madzi ambiri.
Ngati madzi apansi ali pafupi ndi 2 metres kuchokera panthaka, Smolinka amabzalidwa m'miyala yokumba yotalika mamita 0.5-0.8.
Malowa adasankhidwa pasadakhale chilimwe, kumapeto kwa chilimwe, amakumbidwa mosamala ndikuchotsa ma rhizomes a namsongole osatha. Ngakhale kukumba mosalekeza, feteleza uyenera kuyikiridwa, ngakhale kuti ambiri aiwo adzaikidwa mu dzenjelo. Pa 1 m2 Mtundu amatenga zidebe ziwiri za humus, 200 g ya superphosphate ndi 40 g ya potaziyamu sulfate. Ngati dothi ndi acidic, kuyimitsa kumachitika nthawi imodzi (mpaka 2 l ya laimu yosenda pa 1 mita2).
Ngati malowo adakuliratu namsongole kapena ma peizomes a tchire, kukumba kwake kosatha kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala
Popeza ndizovuta kukumba dzenje loyambirira kumayambiriro kwamasika, lakhala likukonzekera kuyambira kugwa. Kuzama kwa dzenjelo sikosakwana 50 cm, kutalika ndi m'lifupi - pafupifupi 80 cm. Monga nthawi zonse, gawo lotsika, la ballast limatayidwa, ndipo chapamwamba, chokhala ndi chonde chimakulungidwa pafupi ndi dzenjelo, kenako chimasakanizidwa ndi feteleza ndikubwerera. Monga feteleza, ndowa ziwiri za humus kapena kompositi, ndowa ya peat, botolo la lita phulusa ndi 300 g ya superphosphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamadothi osauka, onse kukula kwa dzenjelo ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumachulukako pang'ono. Mutha kuthamangitsa kulowa m dzenje ndi mtengo wamphamvu, kutulutsa masentimita 70-80, kuvala mmera. Ntchito zinanso zimachitika mchaka.
Kubzala mmera mu dzenje lokonzekera
Ndikwabwino kugula mmera musanabzalire: ngati mukugula chakumapeto, muyenera kukumba kuti chizikemo nyengo yachisanu, chomwe sichimavuta nthawi zonse. Onse tsinde ndi mizu sayenera kuwonongeka, ndipo mizu iyenera kukhala yazidutswa 3-4, 25 cm kapena kupitilira. Kutulutsa kapena kutulutsa khungu kumakhala kosavomerezeka; maula sangabzalidwe ndi masamba otseguka. Pobwera ndi malo ena ake pamalowo, chitani izi.
- Phatikizani mizu ya mmera m'madzi kwa maola angapo, mutawadula pang'ono (makamaka ngati malangizowo akuwonongeka pang'ono. Musanabzike, viyikani mizu mu poto la dongo (dongo ndi mullein 1: 1, madzi kuti akhale okhazikika a poterera).
Wolankhula Clay amathandizira kwambiri kubzala mbande
- Amatulutsa dothi lolondola kuti mizu yake ikhale yolimba, ndipo kuchokera otsala amapanga mulu. Amayika chiguduli pamtengo ndipo amafalitsa mizu yake.
Mizu iyenera kugawidwa molingana ndi kukhala mwachilengedwe, popanda ma kink
- Kugwiritsira ntchito yopopera kuti khosi la mizu likhale lokwera pang'ono kuposa dziko lapansi, mizu imaphimbidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi dothi lomwe lakumbalo. Gwedezani mmera wakewo nthawi ndi nthawi kuti pasakhale mpweya, ndipo pangani nthaka ndi dzanja kapena phazi lanu.
Osasokoneza khosi mizu ndi malo katemera: pomwe mmera umagwira wolimira pachithunzipa, katemerayo ali, ayenera kukhala okwera kwambiri kuposa mulingo wa dothi
- Mangani chopondera pamtengo m'njira "zisanu ndi zitatu," pogwiritsa ntchito twine yofewa kapena Mzere wa polyethylene.
Mukamakola, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizimapweteka makungwa
- Zidebe ziwiri zamadzi zimatsanuliridwa pansi pa mtengowo ndipo dothi losokonekera limakungulika, pambuyo pake limapangika ndikumazungulira dzenjelo ndikuthiririra.
Palibenso chifukwa chosungira madzi: ngati zidebe ziwiri zilowerere mwachangu, muyenera kuwonjezera
- Chingwe cha thunthu chimakhazikika ndi chosanjikiza chocheperako cha humus, peat kapena nthaka youma wamba.
Mukalowetsa thunthu, osagona
Mukabzala masika, mmera suyenera kudulira, koma muyenera kuyang'anira chinyezi pansi pake: m'nthawi yoyamba, mumayenera kuthirira madzi, osalola kuti thunthu liume.
Kukula Zinthu
Chodabwitsa cha kukula kwa maula mitundu ya Smolinka ndi chakuti pafupi pokha iyenera kukhala mitengo yamitundu ina yomwe imaphuka nthawi imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, Smolinka ndiw mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokonda chinyezi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti imakula ngati mtengo wamtali, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti, kuti mukolole, muyenera kuyesa kubwezeretsa kukula kwake podulira. Kupanda kutero, kusamalira maula awa ndikofanana ndi ma plums amitundu ina.
Kupanga korona kofala kwambiri komwe kumachepetsa kukula kwa mitengo kumakhala kopindika
Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chinyezi m'nthaka ngati mitengo yaying'ono: ndikutengera zaka zingapo kuti chitukuko cha mtengo wamtsogolo ndi zipatso zake zayikidwa. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa plums mu kubereka, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isamere nthawi ya maluwa ndi nyengo. Pankhani ya masika owuma, kuthirira mlungu ndi mlungu kungafunenso. Komabe, pafupi ndi kucha kwa mbewu, kuthilira kwambiri kumatsutsana, apo ayi zipatso zidzasweka ndi kuyamba kuwonongeka msanga. Isanayambike nyengo yachisanu, ulimi wothirira madzi ambiri umachitika.
Pa dothi labwino, m'nthawi ya zaka 1-2 mutabzala, kudyetsa zakudya m'mimba sikofunikira, ndiye kuti mutha kuyambitsa kasupe. Kumayambiriro kasupe, pabalitsani 20 g wa feteleza pa 1 mita pafupi pa tsinde2. Ngati dothi likadakhala chinyezi kwambiri ndipo chipale chofewa sichinasungunuke kotheratu, imadzikokera mu dothi, apo ayi ndikofunikira kufalitsa feteleza ndi khasu.
Urea (urea) - feteleza wa nayitrogeni wothamanga, amagwiritsidwa ntchito masika
Maula atatha kulowa mu zipatso, kuvala kumafunikira mozama kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kuphukira koyambirira kwa nyengo yophukira ndi urea, patapita nthawi pang'ono (patatsala pang'ono maluwa), kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse, amamuika pansi pamtengo pa 1 mita2 ndowa ya kompositi, 50 g ya superphosphate ndi uzitsine wa sulfate kapena potaziyamu wa potaziyamu. Mu nthawi yophukira, mitengo imaphatikizidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni (malita 1-2 pamtengo uliwonse), ndipo nthawi yozizira, bwalo lamatumba limayikidwa ndi dongo loonda. Akaluka, amayesa kubweza pang'ono pamtengo.
Mukamadulira mitengo ya maula, munthu ayenera kusamala kwambiri: plums zomwe sizinadulidwe bwino zimakonda kukununkha. Komabe, kupanga korona ndikofunikira, ndikuyambitsa chaka chamawa mutabzala. Fupikitsani wochititsa ndi nthambi za mbali, zolimbikitsa nthambi. Popanga, muyenera kuyesa kuletsa kukula kwa mtengowo kutalika.
Ndi kulowa kwa plums mu fruiting, kudulira kokha mwaukhondo kokha. Mwamwayi, kuwonda kwa Smolinka sikufunika kwenikweni, koma nthambi zowonongeka ndi zouma zimadulidwa. Mphukira zazitali kwambiri zimafupikitsidwa ndi 20-30%. Kudulira kumayenera kumalizidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamasika, ndipo mabala onse, ngakhale ang'ono kwambiri, ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi mitundu yaminda.
Tsoka ilo, Smolinka sagwira ntchito pazinthu zomwe sizimatulutsa mphukira. Kwa zaka zambiri, kuchuluka kwake kumayamba kuchuluka, ndipo mphukira ziyenera kuwonongedwa. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala: ndikofunikira kudula pang'ono mphukira kuchokera kumizu, kukumba dothi. Nthawi yomweyo, namsongole amathanso kuwonongeka, kutsatana ndi njirayi ndikuwamasula bwalo wokhala pafupi ndi thunthu.
Mphukira imayenera kudulidwa kuchokera kumizu, mobisa
Mitundu ya Smolinka silingadzitame chifukwa cha chisanu, chifukwa chake mitengo yaying'ono ndiyofunika kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu: imapanga mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi zazikulu ndikuteteza mitengo ikuluikulu kuchokera kumiyendo ndi chisanu pomangiriza nthambi zanthete kapena kuwaza mataulo a nylon. Ndi m'badwo, malingaliro otetezedwa amazimiririka, koma kumapeto kwa thonje, komwe kumateteza maula ku chisanu mu February-Marichi, amakhalabe oyenera.
Matenda ndi tizirombo, nkhondo yolimbana nawo
Ngati tekinoloje yaulimi italemekezedwa, maula pawokha amathana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizirombo tambiri. Kuti tichite izi, sipangakhale kukulitsa korona, kuthina kwa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi za mafupa, kudya mitengo nthawi yake kuyenera kuchitidwa. Ngati china chake chalakwika, matenda atapezeka kapena tizirombo taoneka, tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, koma choyamba, ayenera kudziwa kuti ali ndi matenda.
Matenda a Plum
Pakati pa matenda a plum, zotsatirazi zimapezeka kwambiri.
Kuzindikira kwa ma Gum
Matenda a mphutsi - matenda osagonjetseka - amapezeka pamitengo yowonongeka mwanjira iliyonse: amadula, kuwuma, kufowoka ndi matenda ena. Madontho a "utomoni" amawonekera pa thunthu - kotero, m'njira yosavuta, amatcha chingamu (chamadzimadzi cham'maso chomwe chimatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mitengo yazipatso zamwala). Kudzera m'mabala omwe amayambitsa, kulowa mkati mwa matenda aliwonse ndikotheka.
Nthawi zambiri, chingamu chimachokera ku mabala osaphunzitsidwa
Kuti izi zisachitike, mabala onse omwe amapangidwira amafunika kuphimbidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi dimba la maluwa. Ngati chingamu chawoneka, chimachotsedwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, nkuponda nkhuni, kenako chilondacho chimachiritsidwa ndi 1% yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa.
Wamaluwa ambiri, atatha kupha tizilombo, kupukuta madera ovuta ndi masamba a sorelo, koma pambuyo pa chithandizo chonse, kuphatikiza ndi varnish ya m'munda ndikofunikira.
Matumba a Plum
Matumba - matenda achipatso: amakhala ngati matumba, amakula kwambiri, koma mafupa mkati mwake samakhazikika. Kukomerako kumawonongeka kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, mpaka theka la kukhetsa kumagwa.
Matumba - matenda omwe zipatso sizimapanga
Komwe matendawa amatengera fungal, makamaka nthawi zambiri matendawa amatenga nthawi yozizira komanso yanyontho nthawi yamaluwa. Kupewa matendawa ndiko kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga kwa mkangazi, kudulira kwa nthambi zomwe zinali ndi zipatso zambiri. Kusintha mtengowo ndi 3% Bordeaux fluid kale masamba asanatseguke kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda.
Kleasterosporiosis
Kleasterosporiosis ndi matenda am'madzi omwe mitundu yambiri ya Smolinka imagwira. Mukakhala ndi kachilomboka, mawanga owoneka a bulauni omwe ali ndi m'mbali mwa mawonekedwe a rasipiberi pamasamba. Kukula kwawo kuli mpaka 5 mm. Pakatha sabata ndi theka, mabowo amapangika m'malo mwa mawanga, ndipo zomwe zimapezeka (spores za bowa) zimatulutsa. Masamba amawuma ndikugwa. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zofananira zimawonedwa pa chipatso.
Pamene klesterosporiosis akudwala ndipo masamba adzauma
Kupewa ndikuyeretsa bwino zinyalala za mbewu ndi kudula mphukira, pomwe masamba ambiri kapena zipatso zidawonedwa. Chithandizo chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndi 1% Bordeaux fluid. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mitengo kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, maluwa atayamba kuoneka, atangochita maluwa, patatha masabata awiri ndipo atatsala pang'ono kututa.
Moniliosis (zowola zipatso)
Moniliosis ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi pomwe mumayamba kumera, ndi kutuluka kwa mawonekedwe a imvi. Posakhalitsa, zipatsozo zimawundanso: mawanga amapangika, omwe amakula ndikuwoneka ngati utoto wonyezimira. Zipatso zimatha, ndipo nthambi ziuma. Moniliosis imatha kupha mtengo.
Moniliosis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amawononga mbewu, ndipo nthawi zina mtengo wonse
Katetezedwe - Njira zoyenera zaulimi, kuyeretsa bwino zotsalira, kuchiza ndikusenda mabala, ndi zina.
Dzimbiri
Pakati pa chilimwe, nthenda ina ya fungus imatha kuukira maula. Zikuwoneka ngati zofiirira pamaso masamba, omwe, popanda chithandizo, amasintha mapiritsi amdima. Masamba amagwa isanakwane, mtengowo umataya mphamvu, umayamba kugwidwa ndi matenda ena.
Dzimbiri - imodzi mwazosankha matenda oyamba ndi mitengo
Njira zopewetsa dzimbiri ndi kuwongolera ndizofanana ndi matenda ena oyamba ndi fungus.Kuchiza ndi Bordeaux madzi kumayamba atapezeka matendawa mobwerezabwereza masabata awiri ndi atatu, kuima posachedwa zipatso zisanachitike.
Tizilombo
Tizilombo tina tambiri tambiri tambiri tambiri timene timawonongera nthawi zonse ndi ma aphid, ma saw ndi njenjete. Nkhupakupa, nkhuni, ndi ana a chimbalangondo ndizofala kwambiri.
- Gulugufe wachikasu (wachikasu ndi wakuda) ndi ntchentche yaying'ono yachikasu yomwe imaphukira nyengo yachisanu m'nthaka. Mphutsi zimawononga thumba losunga mazira la zipatso, ndipo iliyonse imatha kuwononga zosachepera 5. Thumba losunga mazira limagwa, ndipo ndi kuchuluka kwa tizirombo ndi maluwa akutali, pafupifupi mbewu yonse yamtsogolo ikhoza kuwonongeka.
Gulugufe wa maula ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, koma mphutsi zake zimatha kusiya nyakulayo popanda mbewu
- Plum codling moth - gulugufe wa brownish, wofanana ndi njenjete, amawonekera mukangotha kumapeto kwa maula. Amayikira mazira chifukwa cha zipatso ndi masamba. Amphaka amapezeka m'masabata atatu: amadya zamkati mwa zipatso, ndikuwononga gawo lalikulu la mbewu.
Zotsatira za njenjete zimadziwika ngakhale kwa ana
- Ma aphid a Plum amasiyana pang'ono ndi ma aphid ena; Kuvulala kwake ndikodziwika bwino kwa alimi. Kubwera kwakukulu kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kumachitika mu theka loyambirira la chilimwe. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala zowonjezereka, zimapanga zigawo zonse pamasamba, makamaka, mphukira zazing'ono. Amakhalanso pamakamu a plums. Wotseka timadziti, nsabwe za m'masamba zimafooketsa chomeracho, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono sizimapanga ndikuuma.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimathamangira chilichonse chaching'ono komanso chowutsa mudyo
Ngati wowerengeka azitsamba (yankho la sopo-phulusa, kulowetsedwa kwa tansy, anyezi, ndi zina zotere) amathandizira kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zochepa zake, ndiye kuti kukonzekera kwa mankhwala - mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi zambiri amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizirombo tina. Mndandanda wawo ndiwopatsa chidwi: mwamwambo, alimi amagwiritsa ntchito Karbofos, Fufanon, Aktaru, etc.
Popeza mankhwala atizilombo amatha kuthana ndi tizilombo mosavuta, ndikofunikira kusankha omwe ali oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Kuwerenga malangizowo, muyenera kuwunikira nthawi yomwe kukonzekera kungatheke, komanso kuti musanyalanyaze chisamaliro mukamakonza njira yothetsera vuto ndikupopera mbewu mitengo.
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Smolinka mwina ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa kubzala kwa maula wa panyumba VSTISP. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, pafupifupi 40 gr., Zamkati ndizabwino kwambiri. Iyenera kubzalidwa ndi mtengo wonse.
Kolyadin Wachiroma
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6222&start=195
Pulamu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imadziwika kwa ine yomwe imamera ku MO ndi SMOLINKA.
Anna
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=4488
Ikani utali pang'ono pamalo otetezedwa kwambiri, siwodalirika kwambiri.
Andrey Vasiliev
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/4467/page-51
Plum Smolinka ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zapamwamba: ndizazikulu komanso zokoma. Mkulu ndi zipatso mitundu, komanso zimatha kunyamula mbewu. Komabe, kusaberekana, kubereka zipatso pafupipafupi, kudula zipatso ndi kuchepa kwa nyengo yozizira sikukuloleza kuvomereza izi kuti ziyambike chilimwe.
