Zomwe zilipo pano ndi kabichi yabwino, yakale komanso yotsimikiziridwa, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku State Register of Selection Achievement ka 1961. Sanatayike mwa mitundu yamakono yamitundu yosiyanasiyana makamaka chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yake yapamwamba. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe kumadera onse a Russia oyenera ulimi, komanso kumakula bwino ku Moldova, Belarus ndi Ukraine.
Kufotokozera zamtundu wa kabichi Mphatso
Mphatso ndi mitundu yakuchedwa mochedwa yomwe ili ndi nthawi yakucha kuyambira mbande mpaka kuwonekera kwa mutu woyamba wa kabichi - masiku 100-115, isanakhazikike kwambiri - masiku 115 mpaka 135. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakwanitsa kumera osati mbande zokha, komanso mbewu mwachindunji ndikubzala kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi (kokha m'magawo momwe nyengo ilili). Itha kupsa pamatenthedwe otsika kwambiri (+ 5-12 ° C) - m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa Okutobala.
Mphatso - kabichi yosiyanasiyana yosakhwima mpaka masiku 135
Nthawi zina amatsukidwa pambuyo pa kuzizira koyamba, ndiye kabichi imayamba kukoma. Kuzizira kwamphamvu ndikosavomerezeka, chifukwa izi zimachepetsa kwambiri alumali. Kabichi yokolola panthawiyi imasungidwa kwa miyezi isanu.
Gwiritsani ntchito ndi kulawa
Zosiyanasiyana ndizachilengedwe, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano pamasaladi, msuzi wa kabichi, chilichonse mbale malinga ndi maphikidwe ambiri. Komanso, Mphatsoyo ndioyenera kuisunga, kutola ndi kukoka. Masamba a intracocum ndi owonda komanso ocheperako, odzola, okhala ndi tsamba loyandika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, ndipo limagwirira bwino kwambiri pakukula. Zosiyanasiyana zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma bwino kwa kabichi. Amakhala ndi fructose yambiri komanso sucrose, chifukwa imakhala ndi kukoma kotsatira.
Kabichi wamphatso ndi wabwino kutokota
Mawonekedwe
Tsamba limakhala lozungulira, lobiriwira mopepuka, chitsa chake ndi chochepa. Mphatsoyo imasiyana ndi mitundu ina ndi sera wokutira, nthawi zina yamphamvu, kusintha mtundu wa pepalalo kukhala imvi. Mitu ya sing'anga kukula, kuzungulira ndi wandiweyani, amakula kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 makilogalamu, pafupifupi 4 kg. M'malo abwino amapereka zokolola pafupifupi 100 kg pa 10 lalikulu mita. m, yapakatikati - pafupifupi 80 makilogalamu. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zopanda ulemu, zolimba, motero, ngakhale pamavuto ena zimatha kupereka kukolola kwakukulu, ndikupanga mitu ya kabichi yolemera 2-3 makilogalamu.
Kabichi yamphatso ilibe kucha, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kale chakudya
Zoyipa zosiyanasiyana
Makhalidwe onse omwe ali pamwambawa - kulawa, kukolola, kuwonetsa, kuyankha bwino, kusalemekeza - titha kuonanso zabwino zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo pazolakwikazo, olima m'munda wina amawona kufunika kwa chinyezi ndi chonde m'nthaka, zomwe zimasemphana ndi malingaliro ambiri pankhani ya kudziyankhira kwa mitundu iyi. Koma kutsutsana uku kukufotokozedwa ndikuti kabichi yamtundu uliwonse imakhala yosankha chinyezi komanso chonde m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, zolakwika zodziwika zokhazokha zamtunduwu sizingadziwike.
Zambiri za kukula kabichi
Njira yosavuta ndikudzala mbewu mwachindunji m'nthaka. Anabzala kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi, kutengera dera ndi momwe zakhalira chaka. Musanabzale, ndibwino kuti mupange mbeu kuti ichiritse matenda, kuthamangitsa kumera ndikupereka kuvala koyambirira.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
Imachitika chimodzimodzi monga kubzala mwachindunji ndi njere m'mundamo, ndi njira yodzala yomwe tafotokoza pansipa. Ndondomeko ndi motere:
- Masamba atatu a adyo aphwanya ndi kutsanulira 50 g madzi otentha.
- Mbewu imamizidwa mu kulowetsedwa uku kutentha kwake kukatsikira mpaka +50 ° C (kutsimikiziridwa ndi thermometer kapena kukhudza chala pompopompo: +50 ° C - sichiri, koma kulolera), kwa ola limodzi.
Mbewu za kabichi zimamizidwa kulowetsedwa kwa adyo kutentha kwake kukafika ku +50 ° C
- Mbewu zochitidwa zimawuma pa nsalu kapena pepala.
Iyi ndi njira yotsimikizirika. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ena, mwachitsanzo, kuvala mawonekedwe ofiira a pinki a potaziyamu permanganate.
Kubzala mbewu
Malo obzala m'mundawo akukonzedwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira malingana ndi malamulo omwe amafanana ndi mitundu yonse ya kabichi. Ndikothekanso kubzala mbewu mukangomesa nthaka, zitheka kugwira ntchito ndipo kutentha kumayikidwa mkati mwa + 3-12 ° C.
Ngati nthaka yakonzedwa bwino, yomasuka, mutha kudzala mizere. Koma ngati nthaka siyakulilidwa, mutha kupanga mabowo musanabzale pokumba mosamala ndikumasula dothi ndi fosholo kapena pitchfork yokhala ndi kuya kwa bayonet.
Mbeu za kabichi zingabzalidwe mu mizere
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu ndi mbande za kabichi zimabzalidwa molingana ndi masentimita 60 x 60. Komabe, panthaka yachonde mchaka chabwino mvula, Mphatso imatha kupanga rosette yotalika mpaka 80-100 cm. Chifukwa chake, pamtunda wamafuta wokhala ndi malingaliro abwino pa kukula, Mphatso imabzalidwa pafupipafupi: malinga ndi chiwembu 70 × 70 kapena 80 80 80 cm.
Kubzala mbande
Kubzala ndi njere ndikosavuta, koma zaka zambiri zokumana nazo zamaluwa zawonetsa kuti ndi njira yofesa, Mphatso zimakula bwino, mbewuyo imapatsa zambiri ndikupsa kale. Izi ndichifukwa choti m'nthawi yoyamba, nthawi yaudindo, "mwana wakhanda" akukula, kabichi amakula bwino m'malo obiriwira kuposa nthangala zobzalidwa m'munda movutikira. Ndipo kutentha kwa chilimwe ndi malo ouma - malo osapindulitsa kabichi - amakumana ndi mphatso yomwe idakulidwa ndi mbande yomwe ili yolimba kale, yokhala ndi mizu yolimba kwambiri kuposa yobzalidwa ndi njere.
Ngati mukukula mbande yolimba ya kabichi, ndibwino kulekerera zinthu zoyipa m'mundamo
Nthawi yofesa mbewu za mbande imawerengeredwa potengera momwe maderawo alili. Ndikofunikira kuyambira chifukwa nthawi yakwana kubzala mbande za Mphatso atakwanitsa masiku 40-50, ndipo pofika nthawi imeneyi iyenera kukhala + 8-15 ° C mumsewu popanda ozizira usiku. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mbande yabzalidwa ku Central Chernozem Region mkati mwa Meyi, ndiye mbewu zimabzalidwa mbande kumayambiriro kwa Epulo.
Mbande za mphatso zimakulidwa ndikuumitsidwa molingana ndi malamulo omwewo ngati mbande zamtundu uliwonse wa kabichi yoyera.
Ndi bwino kumakhala pamvula nyengo yamvula, ndipo ngati kuli dzuwa, ndiye madzulo. Ngati ndi kotheka, kutera kumatha kupanga malo abwino ngati mutamatirira kumbali ya waya kapena galasi lolimbitsa ndikuponyera zida zopanda nsalu pamwamba pawo.
Chitsime chilichonse chodzala chimathiridwa ndi madzi okhazikika pafupifupi 0,5 l. Ngati dothi lomwe lili pansi pa chomerayo lakutidwa ndi mulch wosanjikiza masentimita 5, ndiye kuti kuthirira kotsatira sikofunikira sabata litatha, ngakhale pakakhala kopanda nyengo.
Pabedi lokhala ndi mulch wosachepera 5 masentimita, kuthirira mbande yobzala kabichi sidzafunika kambiri
Chisamaliro
Zithunzi zazikulu za chisamaliro chakunja:
- kumasula ndi udzu. Udzu suyenera kukhala nthawi yonse yophukira, koma chinthu chachikulu ndikuletsa namsongole kuti isabowole kambuku koyamba;
- kuthirira ngati kuli kofunikira: ngakhale kuli kotentha kapena kwamvula, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse mpaka 70 cm;
- kuwongolera tizilombo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pomwe mbewuyo ili yaying'ono. Nyengo yotentha, nthambo yopachika imatha kuwononga masamba osawerengeka patangotha maola ochepa. Njira yosavuta yomenyera nkhondo ndiyo kufafaniza fumbi losakaniza ndi phulusa la nkhuni motengera 1: 1. Ndipo mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo mwachitsanzo, Actaru, Actellik kapena Decis;
Mukapanda kukonza kabichi pamtanda wopachika, mutha kupeza mutu womwe wadyedwa mwamphamvu
- kuvala pamwamba. Asanayambe kumanga mutu wa kabichi, Mphatso imafunidwa kwambiri pamavalidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni. Komanso, kuti apange mutu, amafunika phosphorous.
Malamulo onse a kubzala kabichi ya Mphatso ndi ofanana ndi mitundu ina iliyonse ya kabichi yoyera.
Konzekerani Mbewu Zanu Zomwe
Mphatso Zosiyanasiyana zidamera m'minda ngakhale mbewuzo sizinagulidwe m'masitolo, koma zidamera zokha. Izi ndizovuta, ndipo tsopano ndizosavuta kugula mbewu zopangidwa mokonzeka. Komabe, ngati mukufuna, mutha kupeza mbewu za mphatso zomwe mumakonda kwambiri.
Mbewu zimapezeka kuchokera kumutu wapitawu wa chaka chatha cha kabichi. Pamiyeso yikani mitu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yamitundu yonse kabichi popanda kuwonongeka. Kupeza mbewu kumakhala ndi izi:
- Mitu imatengedwa mu kugwa kuti chisanu, sichidulidwa, koma imakumbidwa ndi mizu.
- Sitolo yoyimitsidwa m'chipinda chilichonse kutentha kwa 0-5 ° C.
Makabati oimitsidwa amasungidwa pang'onopang'ono kutentha kwa 0-5 ° C
- Kwa masiku 14 mpaka 21 musanabzike, chitsa chimadulidwa mchaka osakhudza mphukira ya apical.
Masabata 2-3 asanabzalidwe, chitsa chimadulidwa kuchokera kumutu osakhudza mphukira yamapapo, kenako imabzyala pabedi
- Amayika mfumukazi-yamutu pabedi lamasamba ndikuyang'anira momwemo ngati kabichi.
- Zomera zimakhala zopanda kanthu, zimafunikira kusamalira mosamala, motero, musanayambe maluwa, zimamangidwa pamtengo. Ndikofunika kuti maluwa akamayandikira pomwepo palibe amene akufalikira nthawi yomweyo, apo ayi mitunduyo imatha kukhala fumbi ndipo wosakanizidwa amabwera.
- Zidutswa za mbewu zikakhala zachikasu mopepuka, ndipo njere zake ndi zofiirira, mitu ya kabichi imakololedwa, apo ayi makhwawa amatseguka ndipo njere zimayamba kugwa.
Pambuyo maluwa kabichi nyemba ndi mbewu amapangidwa
- Zimayambira zimadulidwa, zimayikidwa mufilimu kapena nsalu ndi zouma.
- Kenako kupunthidwa, kugulitsa mbewu ndi mtengo kapena chopukutira ndi fosholo.
- Mbewu zochokera pa zamkati (lonse lophwanyika) zimalekanitsidwa kudzera mu seni ndi cell yoyenera kapena kuwomba ndi mphepo yamphamvu.
- Ikani chodzala chomalizira kuti chisungidwe mu fomu yowuma bwino.
Mbeu za kabichi wokonzeka zimakhala zouma bwino ndi kusungidwa m'malo amdima.
Kuchokera pachomera chimodzi cha chiberekero, mpaka 100 g ya mbewu ikhoza kupezeka. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mbewu za kabichi zimasungabe kumera kuyambira zaka 5 mpaka 10.
Ndemanga za Mphatso Zosiyanasiyana Zamabichi
Kumera kwa zinthu zamtunduwu kunakondwera kwambiri - nthambi yayikulu yambewu, popanda kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Ndabzala Mphatso molawirira kwambiri, ndimakonda mitu ikuluikulu ya kabichi kumapeto. Kabichi ndi crispy, wokoma, wokoma kwambiri mu mawonekedwe ndi kuzifutsa. Mwa zovuta zonse ndi izo, panali chitetezo chokha ku nthomba yopachika. White kabichi Mphatso sichisungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kwa nthawi yayitali, imayamba kuda mkati mwa mutu, chifukwa chake ndikupangira kukonzanso nthawi yomweyo. Ndisiyira ndemanga yabwino, chifukwa ndidayang'ana ndekha zaka 14 zokulima.
Larisa 2012
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Dzinali limalungamitsa kukolola kwa kabichi iyi. Zowonadi, kugwa, mitu yabwino kwambiri ya kabichi imapangidwa, ngati mphatso, yolemera makilogalamu atatu mpaka anayi. Ndiwakulu kwambiri ndipo ndi wandiweyani. Kabichi iyi imasungidwa bwino mpaka kumapeto. Itha kudyedwa mwatsopano komanso yophika. Itha kupatsa mphamvu. Ikasungidwa, simataya katundu wake.
magadan 2011
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Kabichi ndiabwino kwambiri kwakuti kamodzi omwe amakuwombawo adula mbewu yonse. Ndimabzala mbewu za kabichi zamtunduwu mpaka mu Meyi - mbande ndizoterera, zamphamvu. Ukasinthira kumalo osatha, umazika mizu bwino ndikukula msanga, sikukudwala. Chisamaliro chazonse: kudula, kumasula, kuthirira, kusisita chitukuko cha mizu yamphamvu kwambiri. Mphatso ya Kabichi - imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zokoka, ili ndi shuga wambiri komanso wapamwamba wa ascorbic acid. Kuphatikiza apo, kabichi yamtunduwu ndi oyenera kusungirako yozizira, imasungabe chiwonetsero chake ndi katundu mpaka February chaka chamawa.
chudachka
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Masiku ano, aliyense akuyesera kubzala mitundu yatsopano yomwe ikupezeka yogulitsa chaka chilichonse. Ndipo kuyesaku uku kuli koyenera - kuswana sikuyima chilili, mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrids, makamaka obereketsa akunja, makamaka, amapitilira owatsogolera awo m'njira zambiri. Koma mitundu yakale yaku Russia yatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo, kusinthasintha zochitika mderalo komanso kukoma bwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Mphatso Zosiyanasiyana zakale sizimachoka pamabedi athu ndipo zimabzalidwa ndi alimi ambiri.
