Mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Amur"

Mphesa nthawi yayitali sakhala malo a minda yamphesa ya kumwera, komanso malo enieni a ozizira kwambiri kumpoto kwa madera a Russia.

Koma ambiri amadabwa kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chilengedwe yomwe apeza ndi asayansi ndipo tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakuzala monga opereka chithandizo chachikulu.

Tikukamba za mphesa "Amur", yomwe ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya kumpoto kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino, adapeza malo olemekezeka m'ndandanda wa mitundu ya mphesa ndipo ndi chifukwa chake tidzakulangizani ku mphesa ya Amur m'nkhaniyi.

Zinsinsi ndi zabwino za mphesa "Amur": zonse zokhudza kalasi

Mitundu imeneyi ndi ya akale kwambiri, chifukwa n'zosatheka kukhazikitsa njira iliyonse yomwe imaonekera m'nkhalango za chigawo cha Amur. Ngakhale kuti zakale zapitazo, mphesa ya Amursky imasintha bwino kwambiri m'madera amasiku ano a Russia. M'chilengedwe, zimapezeka paliponse, ndipo pansi pa chilengedwe, zimakhala zotsutsa zodabwitsa ndipo mpesa umodzi ukhoza kutengeka pamtunda mpaka mamita 30 m'litali.

Mwachibadwa, izi zimanenanso za zokolola zodabwitsa zomwe zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukondweretsa. Kuyambira theka lazaka zapitazi, mphesa yamtchireyi inakhala maziko a zisankho zambiri, zomwe lero zimakonda kutchuka kwambiri: mitundu "Northern" ndi "Dawn of North", "Talisman", "Skiff", "Triumph".

Makhalidwe a mphesa "Amur"

Kawirikawiri mawonekedwe a gulu la mphesa ndi cylindrical kapena cylindrical. Mavitaminiwo sali okonzedweratu mwamphamvu, chifukwa masangowo samasuka. Kutalika kwa gulu limodzi pafupipafupi kungakhale kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 centimita. Kukula kwa zipatso ndi masango ndi ochepa.

Mpesa uwu ukhoza kudziwika ndi mtundu wakuda wa zipatso, zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wa bluish. Khungu la mabulosi kawirikawiri ndi lalifupi kwambiri, lopangitsa kuti likhale loyenera. M'kati mwake, mabulosi amodzi akuzungulira pafupifupi 1.5 centimita.

Mnofu wa zipatsozo ndi wopepuka komanso wambiri wambiri. Kukoma kwa mphesa "Amur" kophweka, kukhoza kukhala kowawa ndi kokoma, malingana ndi zikhalidwe za kucha. Mphesa zamphesa zamitundu imeneyi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza komanso popanga zakudya zopangira zam'madzi: juisi, compote ndi vinyo, komanso kuyanika. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo wosasa kapena amtarita.

Ngakhale kuti mphesayi siidapangidwe pa mafakitale (chifukwa chaichi, mbewu zake zimapindula kwambiri monga mbewu), mbewu zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta a mphesa ndi malo okhofi.

Amur Kubala Zipatso Ma volume ndi Collection Terms

Mphesa iyi ndi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyengo ya kucha, yomwe sizodabwitsa kwa chilengedwe cha chilengedwe chake. Maluwa a chitsamba cha mphesa ndi ochuluka, chifukwa, pakati pa mphukira zake zonse, pafupifupi 80% amapindula. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa masango, kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 akhoza kupanga mphukira imodzi. kuchokera hekita imodzi ya minda yamphesa ya zosiyanasiyana, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa anthu 60 mpaka 80 omwe ali ndi mbewu yabwino.

Pokolola kudera la Amur, mukhoza kuyamba mu theka loyamba kapena pakati pa mwezi wa September.

Ngati mukukula mphesa za Amur monga mbewu, kudula ndi kupanga chitsamba nthawi yake, kucha kwa mbeu kungakhaleko pang'ono, popeza masango adzalandira kutentha komanso dzuwa.

Makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe abwino a mphesa "Amur"

• Zosiyanasiyana ndi pafupifupi osati mantha frost. Ngakhale kuchepetsa kutentha kwa -40 ° C pa chitsamba cha mphesa sikunapweteke konse. Pachifukwa ichi, mphesa imagwiritsidwa ntchito poswana ndipo imakhala ngati wopereka khalidweli.
• Ndiponso, ngakhale zokolola si mantha ya yophukira frosts, zomwe kukoma kwake kungangokwera, kupanga zipatsozo kukhala zokoma kwambiri.
• Zilonda za tizilombo tosavuta ndi matenda a m'minda ya mpesa sizinali zozizwitsa. Nkofunika kutsindika kukaniza kwa mphesa ku mildew.
• Kukolola kwa mphesa ya Amursky kumathamanga mofulumira, yomwe imawathandiza kuti ikololedwe kusanayambe kuzizira ndi chisanu.
• Kukolola kwakukulu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphesa.
• Kukwanira kwa mphesa ndi zipatso za kayendedwe.
• Kukula kwakukulu kwa chitsamba champhesa, chomwe chiyerekeza ndi mitundu yambiri yobereketsera ikhoza kutchedwa chimphona. Kukula kwa mpesa kumatha kukhala pafupifupi mamita 2.5.



• Chitsamba chimabala zipatso ndi kulekerera kudulira popanda mavuto.
• Ndi mphesa zowona mphesa, imatha kuphuka mofulumira komanso mofulumira ndikuyendetsa mkhalidwe watsopano.
• Ndikofunika kwambiri kusankha mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa.
• Anagwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera ndi kusamalira zothandizira zowoneka, kupanga zovuta zamoyo.

Mitundu yoipa: ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zingayambitse mphesa "Amur"

• Zitsamba zosadziwika bwino zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri pamene akukolola. Pachifukwa ichi, masango ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhalabe ochepa.
• Kuonjezera kukula ndi khalidwe la mbewu chitsamba chimafuna kudulira nthawi zonse komanso mwamphamvu, zomwe zimakukakamiza kugwira ntchito mwakhama.
• Maluwa okongola sangasangalatse ndi kukoma kwawo, komabe, amatha kukongoletsa kunja kwa chitsamba cha mphesa.

Chofunika kwambiri chodzala mphesa "Amur": malamulo ndi magawo onse

Mphesa "Amur" ikhoza kufalitsidwa m'njira zambiri, monga:

• Kubzala chitsamba champhesa ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
• Gwiritsani ntchito kubzala mphesa "Amur" nthambi za chitsamba china cha mitundu yofanana.
• Ankalumikiza cuttings wa varietal shrub pa katundu wa zosiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa cha kupulumuka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pa nyengo iliyonse ndi nyengo yabwino, kubzala mphesa pa tsamba lanu sikungakhale zovuta. Koma ngati zilizonse zosiyana, Amursky mphesa zabwino anabzala bwino anayatsa madera. Izi zidzathandizira kukolola msanga kwa mbeu ndi kukula bwino kwa chitsamba cha mphesa.

Mphesa ndi osafunika kwambiri drafts ndi ozizira kumpoto mphepo, zomwe zingasokoneze maluwa, kudula inflorescences ndi kusiya inu popanda zokolola.

Kodi ndi nthawi yanji yabwino yosankha kubzala mphesa "Amur"

Kubzala mphesa za mitunduyi kumadalira mwachindunji njira yomwe mukubzala yomwe mumasankha. Kwa kuswana mphesa matepi bwino kusankha kasupe. Nthawi ino ndi ofunda kwambiri kumera ndi kumera mizu, ndipo padzakhala nyengo yonse patsogolo pa kukula kwa chitsamba chatsopano. Momwemo, mphesa zomwe zimabzalidwa mu kasupe zidzakhala ndi nthawi yowonjezereka ndikupeza nyonga pamaso pa isanayambike yozizira. Zonsezi zimayenera katemera.

Kusiyana kumeneku kumangophatikizapo pokhapokha kuti m'dzinja kusonkhanitsa katunduyo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndi kuchita zonse zomwe zingatheke kuti ikhalebe mpaka masika kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chimatsimikizira ntchito yake yofunikira.

Mbewu za mphesa izi zimatumizidwa bwino pansi mu autumn, mutatha kukolola. Pakugwa, amatha kufesedwa, koma asanatumize pansi, m'pofunika kuumitsa mbeu m'madzi ndikuchita zina zambiri, zomwe zifotokozedwe mwatsatanetsatane.

Njira zopangira munda wamphesa: kusankha nthaka, ndondomeko yobzala

Amur grape zabwino "Amur" ndikuti zimagwirizanitsa bwino ndi mitundu yambiri ya dothi. Inde, izo Ndibwino kuti dothi likhale loyenera komanso likhale labwino kwambiri. Koma, ngakhale zinali choncho, mitengo yodabwitsa kwambiri inkapezeka pobzala mphesazi pa humus ndi miyala yamchere, pa dothi lomwe likupezeka pafupi kwambiri pansi pamadzi.

Pokonzekera mabowo a mphesa, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mtunda wa pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala osachepera mita imodzi, mwinamwake iwo adzasokonezana. Akatswiri amasonyezanso kuti kulima mphesa zotere pafupi ndi mitengo ya zipatso ndizosafunika kwambiri. Ndipotu, imatha msanga kwambiri ndipo imamangirira mtengo, "kuigwedeza" komanso kuchepetsa zokololazo.

Gawo la kufesa ndi kubzala mbande za mphesa "Amur"

Kukonzekera mbewu za mphesa "Amur" ziyenera kuyamba kuyambira m'dzinja, mutatha kukolola. Ayenera kuikidwa pansi, atagona mozama pafupifupi masentimita 2.5. Pambuyo pake, dikirani kasupe ndi kusonkhanitsa mbande za mphesa.

Ngati mwasankha kubzala m'chaka, ndiye kuti mbeu iyenera kuikidwa m'madzi kwa tsiku limodzi ndi pambuyo pake, ikani kusakaniza ndi mchenga ndikuchoka mu bokosi (ikhoza kuikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki). Ndi bwino kusunga mbewu za mphesa pamalo ozizira, komwe kutentha kumakhala nthawi zonse ku 4 ° C.

Kuti mbeu izimbe, ngakhale isanayambe, zimafesedwa miphika ndipo zimakhala m'chipinda chosachepera 20 ° C. Monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi ya kufesa, tikudikira kuti mbewu ziphuke ndikuyesa kusamalira bwino mbeu, komanso zomera zina.

Kubzala mbande ziyenera kuchitika kokha pofika nyengo ya chilimwe, chifukwa pokhapokha pokhapokha panthawiyi adzakhala amphamvu ndipo adzakhala oyenera. Kufika kuyenera kuchitika motere:

• Choyamba, timakonza dzenje ndi miyeso ya 0.5x0.5x0.6 mamita. Pogwiritsa ntchito madzi abwino pansi pake, ndikutsanulira miyala yosanjikiza, yomwe imakhala yaikulu kwambiri mpaka 10-15 masentimita. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka yachonde ndi feteleza organic kumatsanuliridwa pa ziphuphu. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ndizosatheka kubzala mphesa mwa feteleza, chifukwa zikhoza kuwotchedwa. Choncho, gawo lina la nthaka yosavuta limayikidwa pamwamba pa feteleza.
• Mzu wa mbeuyo musanadzalemo uyenera kuchitidwa mu njira yothetsera vutoli. Pambuyo pake, iyo imayikidwa mu dzenje ndi kugona mosamala kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti mizu yake ikhale yopanda nthaka.



• Mutabzala, mmerawo uyenera kuthiridwa mowolowa manja (kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 30-40 malita a madzi) ndi kulumikiza nthaka mozungulira. Makungwa a mtengo kapena mtengo amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito ngati mulch.

Mbali Ankalumikiza cuttings mphesa "Amur"

Phesi ndi malo omwe mukufuna kukalima, onetsetsani kuti musakonzekere. Cuttings nthawi zambiri kukolola mu kugwa ndi kusungidwa mpaka kasupe anaikidwa mchenga m'malo ozizira. Kumapeto kwa nyengo amawongolera ndi kutsekedwa (mbali yokhayokha, kuti apeze mphete yabwino ya rooting ya kudula ku katundu). Gawo lochepa la kudula, komanso mmera, amasungidwa kwa masiku angapo m'madzi komanso njira yeniyeni yopanga chingwe asanayambe kumtengowo.

Kukonzekera kwa katundu kumaphatikizapo:

• Chotsani chitsamba chakale.
• Kuchotsa mdulidwe.
• Apatseni katundu wa cuttings.

Ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo la nsalu yomwe phesi limayikidwa, lolimba kwambiri ndi nsalu yolimba kapena chingwe. Ngati katemera wachitika m'nyengo yozizira, malo opatsirana katemera ayenera kuthiridwa ndi dothi lonyowa, kuti mchere wambiri ukhoza kusungidwa ndipo usanaume m'nyengo yozizira. Komanso, katemerayu ayenera kutsekedwa, zomwe zidzakambidwe mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi mukufunikira kudziwa chiyani za kuberekana kwa mphesa "Amur"?

Njirayi ndi yosavuta, ngakhale ili ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa chitsamba kumene mungathe kuchotsa. Kenako, pakati pa mphukira anasankhidwa mwamphamvu ndipo yayandikira kwambiri kuthawa pansi. Amagwada pansi n'kugona tulo tambirimbiri. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti nthaka ikhale yosungunuka bwino kwambiri, chifukwa ichi ndi chomwe chidzapangitse kubwezeretsa katundu.

N'zosangalatsanso kuwerenga za mphesa zoyambirira

Momwe mungasunge ndi kuonjezera zokolola za mphesa: malamulo oyang'anira chisamba cha mphesa chaka chonse

• Kuthirira mphesa "Amur" kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kokha ali wamng'ono, pamene mizu yake imangowamba. Makamaka mphesa zing'onozing'ono zimaopa chilala, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri zokolola. Ndili ndi zaka zachitsamba komanso ndi kuchulukanso kwa madzi ake, kukana chilala kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ngakhale kulibwino kuti musamathetse kumayambiriro kasupe.
• Pambuyo kuthirira nthaka kuzungulira mpesa ndikofunikira kuswa mulch. Sichidzangoteteza zowonongeka m'nthaka, komabe panthawi yomwe kuyamwa kudzadyetsa mphesa ndi zakudya. Mulingo woyenera mulch wosanjikiza wa mphesa ndi 3-5 centimita.



• Mitunduyi ndi imodzi mwa yochepa yomwe nyengo yozizira kwambiri sichifuna malo apadera. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kukwera kwake kwa chisanu. Koma, osati onse adakali aang'ono, kokha mutabzala mpesa sungadzitamande chikhalidwe chotero, ndikofunikira kuchitsekera. Mbewu yamphesa ndi yophukira bwino imaphimbidwa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ophweka kapena matabwa opanda matabwa. Tikayikhazikitsa pamwamba pa mphesa zathu, tingathe kuzidzaza bwinobwino ndi nthaka ndikuzisiya m'nyengo yozizira. Pofuna kuti mapangidwe amenewa asawonongeke kwambiri, akhoza kulimbitsa ndi njerwa kapena matabwa akuluakulu.
• Popanda kudulira, mphesa iyi idzachoka mwamsanga kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera kukhala yokongola. Ndipotu, kudulira sikungokulolani kupanga chitsamba, koma kumathandizanso kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ndi mphesa zabwino.
• Koma kubzala mphesa "Amur" sikofunikira. Zidzakhala zokwanira kuti mulch ndi zochepa zogwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamchere zomwe zili nazo
• potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.
• Ndi kuwala kochepa komanso kolimba kwa chitsamba, kukana kwa tizirombo ndi matenda a fungal kumachepa kwambiri. Choncho, njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kudula mitengo ndi njira yolondola ya kubzala mphesa. Pofuna kupewa matenda oterewa, kawiri kawiri maluwa asanamangidwe ndi kamodzi pa mapangidwe a mphesa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitidwa ndi kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumawonekera m'masitolo apadera.