Calibrachoa - Chomera chosangalatsa chomwe chatulukira posachedwa m'nyumba za florists. Amasokonezeka mosavuta ndi petunia, yomwe yakhala ikukhazikitsidwa m'nyumba zambiri. Ndipotu, mpaka zaka za m'ma 1990, calarahoa inkatengedwa ngati mtundu wa petunia, koma kenako unatsimikiziridwa kuti pamtundu wa majini ndi chosiyana chomera.
Nthawi yambiri yadutsa kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, koma mpaka lero anthu ambiri samadziwa dzina latsopano ndikungotchula karakhoa ngati petunia. Nkhaniyi ikudziwitsani za chomera chodabwitsa ichi ndipo chidzakulolani kuti muwonetse kusiyana ndi ubwino wambiri umene calicracha imakhala nayo podunia.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa petunias
Kawirikawiri osagulitsa chalabrahoa amatchedwa "surfini" kapena "ampel petunia". Izi zimachitika kuti akope ogula omwe amadziwa kale petunia kapena surfini. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kunena ngati chiri chomera kapena chomera china, kotero yang'anani kusiyana kwakukulu:
- Timayang'ana pakamwa pamunsi pa corolla. Ngati ili lofiira, ndiye calabra. Mtundu wina uliwonse ndi wabodza.
- Kukula kwamasamba ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Pachimake ichi, masambawa ndi ochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi 1 masentimita m'lifupi, ndipo osapitirira masentimita 4.
- Tsinde loyamba. Calibrachoa ili ndi denser stem, mosiyana ndi petunia.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu wa Calibracoa unakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa 1825, koma mitundu yodalirika inayambitsidwa kokha mu 1990, pamene anapeza kuti a Calibracians anagawanitsa ma chromosome 4 kuchokera ku DNA kuchokera ku petunias.
Mavuto abwino opita
Kukula msinkhu sikovuta. Ngati mukukonzekera nthaka yabwino ya chomera ndikusankha malo abwino oti mubzala, ndiye kuti mtsogolo sichidzakhala "chopanda phindu" kapena choipa.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Ndikofunika kukonza chomera kuti dzuwa liwame, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo sichikumana ndi zojambula ndi mphepo ya kumpoto. Calibrachoa sakonda dzuwa la masana, choncho yesetsani kumeta maluwa pamene kuwala kuli pamtunda. Ngati simukuchita izi, ndiye kuti timapepala timene timatha kumatulutsa.
Mphepo imangotentha nthaka komanso mizu yovuta, koma imatha kuphwanyaphwanya kapena kugumula maluwa. Choncho, ngati mumakhala pa chipinda chokwanira pa nyumba yopamwamba, ndiye kuti si bwino kuikapo pakhomo lotseguka. Pezani malo komwe kuli mphepo yamkuntho komanso dzuwa lonse la m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Dothi: kapangidwe ndi fetereza
Mukamakolola nthaka, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi chidwi chokhalera. Duwa limakonda loamy kapena dothi la mchenga kwambiri, koma gawo lina lolemera la humus lidzachita. Nthaka iyenera kuphatikizapo peat, humus, land sod ndi mchenga. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yosalala, yosasunthika, yopanda ndale kapena ya pH yochepa.
Kukula kwa miphika kuti muyese kuyenera ayenera kukhala osachepera malita atatu kuti chomeracho chikhale chomasuka. Onetsetsani kuti mukuika dothi lokhala ngati dothi lochepetsedwa kapena miyala yaying'ono pansi pa mphika. Samalani kuti ngati mutsefukira chinyontho mwamsanga mupite pansi mu tray ya mphika.
Ndikofunikira! Calibrachoa sichimayipitsa poyambitsa manyowa atsopano, choncho ngati mukufuna kukulitsa nthaka musanadzalemo, gwiritsani ntchito humus kapena feteleza ovuta.
Mmene mungasamalire Calibrachoa kuti mukwaniritse maluwa ambiri
Mkazi aliyense wamkazi akufuna kumuwona iye akukula bwino ndikukula. Pa nthawi yomweyo maluwa ambiri ndi maluwa autali amabweretsa chisangalalo chodabwitsa.
Njira zochepa chabe ndi zosavuta zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti mukhale ndi "mathithi" omwe ali pabwalo.
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwala
Nthawi yomweyo yesani mzere pakati pa kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, chifukwa maluwa omwe amatha kusungunuka amangofuna mpweya wouma. Ngati chipinda chiri otentha komanso chokwera, ndiye kuti calibrahoha iyenera kutsukidwa 3-4 pa tsiku. Chinthu chachikulu - musayese mzuwo kuti muteteze maluwa kuchokera kuvunda.
Madzi zitsamba ziyenera kukhala kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa pang'ono. Calibrahoa idzatenga nthaka yabwino kwambiri kuposa nthaka yonyowa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika pamene kuwala kwa dzuwa sikugwera pa zomera.
Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa duwa
Calibrachoa imakonda kuvala pamwamba, komwe kumayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kuti upeze maluwa abwino. Monga gawo la feteleza zovuta ayenera kukhala phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu. Mankhwalawa amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa sabata.
Pa nthawi yobzala, m'pofunika kupereka calarahoa kwambiri nayitrogeni, koma pa maluwa yonjezerani phosphate ndi fetashi feteleza.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chomeracho chitadulidwa, ndiye kuti chiyenera kudyetsedwa ndi zolimbikitsa.
Ngati pali zovuta posankha feteleza yabwino, tenga zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa petunias, chifukwa chovala chovala, zomera zimakonda chinthu chomwecho.
Kudulira ndi kukonza nsonga
Maluwa ofalikira ayenera kudulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti asunge mawonekedwe abwino ndikusunga chomera ku matenda.
Choyamba kudulira anachitidwa mwamsanga mutatha maluwa. Mwamsanga maluwawo atayamba kumira, adulireni kuti apereke chomera china chowonjezera kuti aike masamba otsatirako.
Zotsatira za kudulira ndi kukanikiza Chitani pakati pa chilimwe: amafupikitsa theka la mphukira zonse kuti apindule nthambi zambiri. Chotsani odwala kapena owuma othamanga ndi masamba.
Musawope kudula pang'ono, chomeracho sichidzavutika ndi izi. Pa mphukira zowonongeka, masamba adzayamba kuoneka mu masse, omwe ati apitirize kuwathandiza kuwonjezera maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Calibrachoa imachokera ku banja la Solanaceae, lomwe lili ndi phwetekere, biringanya ndi paprika.
Zima (nthawi yopumira) Calibrachoa
Ngakhale kuti Calibrachoa imaonedwa kuti ndi yosatha, patatha mpumulo, chomeracho chikuwoneka kuti chimataya mphamvu ndipo chimayamba kuphulika bwino. Kutentha kwa Calibrachoa kumayambira pambuyo pomwe mbeu yomaliza yafota (kapena sabata imodzi).
Kuti mbeuyo ikhale yosangalala nthawi yayitali, iyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 10-12 ° C, nthawi zina kuyambitsa nthaka. Kawirikawiri, nthawi ino imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza zipatso ndi kudyetsa chomera chatsopano m'malo mwa chakale.
Kubzalana kwa Calibra
Amayi ambiri amafunitsitsa kudziwa njira yoberekera calibra. Chomeracho chikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi zipatso kuchokera ku chomera.
Cuttings
Kulimbitsa gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yopuma (kuti musamavulaze ndi kufooketsa chomera), pamene maluwa akugona, ndi chiwerengero cha kagayidwe ka maselo kamene kamakhala kuchepa kangapo.
Komabe, izi sizimakhudza ubwino wa kudula, kotero mutha kuchotsa mphukira kuti muzitha kusonkhanitsa kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Timadula nsonga za mphukira 5-6 masentimita yaitali, pomwe pali masamba 4 osachepera. Timadula mapepala apansi, kusiya awiri-atatu apamwamba omwe ayenera kufupikitsidwa ndi theka.
Tengani gawo lapansi lopangidwa ndi peat, ndipo pitani kuthawira mmenemo, kumiza kudula pansi. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kupanga wamng'ono chomera wowonjezera kutentha. Izi zimachitika ndi chithandizo cha kanema kapena filimu yomwe imakwirira mphika.
Pansi pa "kapu" imapanga microclimate yake ndi mkulu chinyezi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa rooting. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito makonzedwe apadera omwe amachititsa kuti muzitha kumera.
Ndikofunikira! Cuttings pambuyo kudula ayenera yomweyo anabzala pansi, chifukwa pambuyo 2 maola awo rooting amachepetsa pafupifupi zero.
Kuyambira nthawi yobzala, pangani nyengo yabwino pa zomera: kutentha kwa 20 ° C, kuwala kwa dzuwa (kupatula masana), kutetezedwa ku ma drafts ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Musaiwale kuti mutha kubisala kamodzi pa tsiku ndikuwongolera chomera kuti "musadwale".
Sungani nthaka mobwerezabwereza kawiri patsiku pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti, ndipo dothi lisakhale lonyowa kwambiri. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, tizirombo timayenera kumera, ndipo kufunika kwa "kutentha" sikungakhalenso.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mpaka mizu ifike kutalika kwa 1.5-2 masentimita, n'kosatheka kuti ndikasendeza achinyamata zomera. Mizu ndi yofooka kwambiri ndipo imakhala yosavuta kusiya.
Pambuyo pa "nyumba" yaing'ono, calibrahoa imasandulika miphika ya maluwa ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 6. Ngati mukufuna kupeza maluwa ambirimbiri, onetsetsani kuti muthawa pa tsamba lachisanu. Patatha mwezi umodzi, kale mbeu zowonjezereka zimatsimikizirika mu miphika ndi diameter ya 10-14 masentimita.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti chodula chatsopano cha mdulidwe wa mizu (pambuyo potsitsa) chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubzala mbewu yatsopano.
Mbewu
Kukula Calibrahoa ku Mbewu mwina, komabe, zimayambitsa mavuto ena. Chinthu chake ndi chakuti chomera chimene chimakula kuchokera mu mbewu sichitha kukhala ngati kholo lake.
Nthawi zina zinafika kuti "chipululu" chimakula, chomwe sichinafalikire bwino, ndipo masambawo anali ochepa kwambiri. Choncho, calibrago amayesera kufalitsa mu zomera. Ngati mumasankha kukula mbeu, mukhale oleza mtima ndikutsatira malangizo.
Mbeu za Calibrahoa zimapezeka m'mabokosi omwe amapangidwa pambuyo pa maluwa. Kenaka piritsani mapiritsi a peat, zilowerere m'madzi ndikuyala mbewu pamtunda.
Kubzala mbewu kumafunika kutentha kwa nthawi 18-20 иC komanso kutentha kwaching'ono (chophimba ndi zojambulajambula, chikho kapena kapu ya pulasitiki).
Kenaka muyenera kusamalira kuyatsa. Ikani nyali ya desiki pafupi ndi mbewu ndikuyiyitsa maola 15-16 pa tsiku. Usiku, magetsi achotsedwa. Patangotha sabata, mbewu idzayamba kulavulira. Ngati izi sizichitika - dikirani masiku ena 2-3.
Pambuyo kumera, mpweya umamera ndipo pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuwala kwa dzuwa (koma musapitirire). Ngati mbewu zikukula ndipo palibe zooneka zosaoneka, ndiye pambuyo pa masiku 4 pogona akhoza kuchotsedwa.
Kenako, dikirani mapangidwe a masamba oyambirira. Pambuyo pochotsa piritsi ya "greenhouse" yothira madzi ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Tsamba loyamba likayamba, limathira madzi ndi kuwonjezera mavitamini B.12(1 300 ml ampoule).
Samalani mosamala mbewu yachinyamata, kusinthanitsa madzi ofunda oyeretsedwa, feteleza ndi vitamini ndi zokonzeka zopatsa zovuta (zinalowa mu ¼ kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha munthu wamkulu).
Mukawona kuti mizu inayamba kuphulika kudzera mumatope a mapiritsi - tumizani mbande za calarachoa mu kapu yaing'ono, popanda kulekanitsa mizu ku mapiritsi. Onjezerani chipangizo chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuchepetsafupipafupi pamwamba pa chomeracho.
Kwa mwezi woyamba, sungani chomeracho kutentha, madzi mosamala ndipo musachoke kwa nthawi yaitali padzuwa.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ngati mutabzala mbewu mu kapu ya pulasitiki, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala malo owonjezera madzi, ndipo akhoza kuwonongera kuzu. Komanso musamalire chinyama chachitsulo kuchokera pazitsulo ndi mphepo zamphamvu, pangani kudya nthawi ndi kufufuza momwe zilili.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mumagula mbewu yobereketsa, ndiye kuti pali zowonjezereka kuti zomera zidzakhala chimodzimodzi monga momwe opanga ananenera.
Nthawi yobzala caliberraha ndi kwa inu. Mbewu zimasungidwa bwino ndipo sizimataya kumera ndi nthawi.
Ndi ichi bwino kubzala kumayambiriro kasupekusangalala maluwa okongola m'chilimwe.
Calibrahoa kukana tizirombo ndi matenda
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso feteleza nthawi yake, calibrahoa siidwala ndipo kawirikawiri imakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo. Komabe, ngati chomeracho chimawoneka chowawa, maluwawo sagwidwa bwino kapena amauma, ndiye kufunika kofulumira kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa ndi kumwa mankhwala.
Maluwa osasamala amakhudzidwa ndi matenda otsatirawa:
- mizu zowola;
- mwendo wakuda;
- powdery mildew;
- chlorosis.
Kuwonjezera pa matenda, chomeracho chingasanduke chikasu, chouma kapena chophimba.
Tiyeni tiyambe mizu zowolaomwe amaimiridwa ndi bowa zazikulu. Zimapezeka mukamwa madzi okwanira kapena dothi lolemera kwambiri lomwe sichidutsa chinyezi. Komanso, mizu yovunda ikhoza kubweretsedwa pansi ngati mutayika m'munda.
Matendawa amakhudza mizu, yomwe imawomba ndi kufa. Chomeracho chimakhala chaulesi, kutaya mtundu ndi kusungidwa bwino mu gawo lapansi. Ngati mumalimbana ndi mankhwala, ndiye kuti calibrahoa idzafa.
Matendawa amachiritsidwa ndi fungicides okha.. Vuto ndiloti mizu yovunda ili ndi mitundu yambiri, ndipo muyenera kusankha fungicide.
Chifukwa cha zovuta komanso kutalika kwa mankhwala, zomera zomwe zimadwala zimangokhala pamodzi ndi nthaka yoipitsidwa. Njira yabwino pamayambiriro oyambirira idzaphatikizidwa pa calrachoa, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika nthawi imene mphukira imakhalabe yamphamvu ndipo ili ndi masamba.
Msowa wakuda kapena pansi pakhosi, zimakhudza zomera zokha zomwe zimamera. Nkhumba ya tizilombo ya bowa ili pamtunda wapadziko lapansi ndipo imatulutsa kachilomboka pamtambo wambiri. Chotsatira chake, tsinde lakuda limasanduka wakuda ndi ming'alu, zomera zimamwalira.
Ndikofunikira! Msolo wakuda samakhudza zipatso zowonongeka.
Kubzala mbeu mu peti piritsi 100% kutetezera ku bowa. Ngati mutapeza pepala losavomerezeka popanda fungicides, ndiye kuthirira madzi ndi potassium permanganate ndithudi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Calibrachoa, yovunda, akhoza kuchiritsidwa mothandizidwa ndi fungicides monga "Fitosporin" kapena "Baktofit".
Mame a Mealy ndi bowa yaikulu mycelium, yomwe imakwirira masamba, ndikuwajambula oyera. Zifukwa za matendawa: Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi chinyezi, kuwonjezera pa nayitrojeni feteleza mutatha kudulira kapena kukanikiza.
Masamba odwala amasiya kukula, amakhala othawa ndi kufa. Ngati nthawi siimaletsa kufalikira kwa bowa, ndiye kuti mumataya maluwa.
Kulimbana ndi panyumba kuli bwino pogwiritsa ntchito biofungicides, omwe ali okonda zachilengedwe. Oimira abwino kwambiri ndi "Fitosporin-M" ndi "Alirin-B". Sitilimbikitsidwa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides kunyumba, chifukwa ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa anthu.
Matenda onga chlorosischifukwa cha bowa zazikulu. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndizosiyana: kusowa kwachitsulo, kutentha kwambiri kwa nthaka, zinyama ndi zida zonyansa. Chomeracho chimataya mtundu wake wonse, chimakhala chotupa ndipo chimamasula kwambiri.
Mukhoza kuona chitsanzo cha maluwa a Calibrahoa omwe amakhudzidwa ndi chlorosis mu chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa.
Pochiza chlorosis, mukufunikira gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Antikhlorozin". Komabe, musanagwiritse ntchito, yesetsani kudyetsa chomeracho ndi kutulutsa mphukira zowuma, kutsanulira dothi kapena, pang'onopang'ono, dulani.
Chlorosis - matenda osokoneza omwe angayambidwe ndi zifukwa zambiri. Sikuti nthawi zonse mankhwala osokoneza bongo adzakhala njira.
Kuwonjezera pa matenda, masamba owuma kapena opotoka angawoneke chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zinthu zina. Kotero, ngati masamba atembenuka chikasu, ndi chifukwa choyendera kutentha m'chipindamo, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza (ngati simunachite izi kale) kapena kumwa madzi mobwerezabwereza. Zowuma ndi zophimbidwa masamba ndi zotsatira za kuunika kosauka kapena mpweya wouma.
Mwatsoka, kuwonjezera pa matenda omwe ali pamwambawa ndi matenda, tizilombo tingathenso kuwonetsa caliberhoa, ndizo:
- kangaude (imayambitsa zakudya kuchokera ku masamba ndi tsinde, imafooketsa zomera ndikupititsa ku matenda ake);
- aphid (imadyetsa zomera zowonongeka.) Ngati zowonongeka kwambiri, calibrahoa imatha ndipo imauma);
- tizilombo ta tizilombo timakula pamasamba ndikudyetsa timadziti, timadya mabowo ndi kutsogolera ku mbali ya maluwa);
- whitefly (agulugufe oyera oyera ndi mphutsi zawo zimadyetsa calarachoa sap, kuchepetsa kukula ndi kuvulaza masamba).
Kuchotseratu nthata zamatsenga, muyenera kuchita 2-3 mankhwala ndi nthawi ya sabata imodzi. Mitundu ina ya tizilombo imatha pokhapokha atagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Posankha mndandandawu, perekani mankhwala oopsa kwambiri, chifukwa ambiri mwa iwo sanagwiritsidwe ntchito pakhomo.
Tsopano simungakhoze kulima ndi kukula mitundu yambiri ya calibrahoa kunyumba, komanso kuchiza kapena kuchotsa chiweto chanu. Musaiwale kuti mankhwala abwino kwambiri a matenda ndiwabwino.
