Kulima ndi ntchito yoyamba ya munthu, ndipo munda ndiwo gawo lofunikira. Chimodzi mwa zomera zoyamba kulima chinali mphesa.
Mtundu umodzi wa mphesa ukhoza kukhala ndi mayina angapo, mitundu yamtengo wapatali imatumizidwa kuchokera kudziko lina kupita kwina, komwe amapeza, limodzi ndi yakale, dzina latsopano, lomwe limayamba mizu.
Abereketsa, atalandira zatsopano zosiyanasiyana, perekani dzina lachiwiri.
Pa gawo la Russia, pafupifupi kulikonse, osati mu gawo la Ulaya, komanso Far East ndipo ngakhale Siberiaamalima mphesa zosagwira mphesa Kukongola kwa kumpoto.
Imeneyi ndi mitundu yambiri ya tebulo, yomwe idya mwatsopano, imatanthawuza mitundu yoyera.
Mitundu ya tebulo yoyera imakondanso White, Alexander ndi Husayne White.
Mphesa Kukongola kwa Kumpoto: zofotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Masangowa ndi aakulu, ali ndi mawonekedwe a cone, ndi nthambi, mabulosiwa ndi aakulu, okongola, okoma, okometsera.
Masango akulu amasonyeza ndi Oyamba, Karmakod ndi Ataman Pavlyuk.
Chithunzi
Zithunzi za mphesa Krasa kumpoto:
Mbiri yobereka
Kukongola kwa kumpoto kunapezedwa mwa kudutsa mitundu iwiri ya mphesa yotchuka - Madzulo a kumpoto ndi Tayfi pinki ku Institute of Genetics ndi Plant Breeding mu 1960.
Zizindikiro
Kukongola kwa kumpoto ndi zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso, zopanda chisanu zomwe zimabuka msanga komanso zimakhala zokhazikika panthawi yopita. Zam'mwamba folic acid amachititsa kukhala ochizira.
Panther Black, Mfumukazi Olga ndi Concord ya Russian amadziwikiranso ndi machiritso awo.
Ndi chinyezi chochulukira, zipatso zimakhala nthawi yaitali kuthengo ndipo sizikuwonongeka. Sakani zosagonjetsedwa ndi imvi zowola, zipatso sizimasokoneza. Kukongola kwa kumpoto kukulimbana ndi kuzizira mpaka madigiri -28.
Amethyst, Valery Voevoda ndi Valek imasowa malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kukongola kwa kumpoto kumawoneka ndi mildew ndi oidium.
Mildew amadziwikanso kuti downy mildew, bowa amawoneka kumbuyo kwa tsamba kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, akuchulukitsa, amawononga masamba ndi zomera akhoza kusiya popanda.
Chifukwa cha ichi, Bordeaux madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yoyamba yothandizira idzachitika mu Meyi, ndiye, pambuyo pa masamba angapo odwala, kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo.
Gwiritsani ntchito njira zina: kuprostat, ngwazi, mkuwa sulphate. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi kukonzekera mankhwala: radomil, saprol, strosby, acrobat. Kutaya zomera zimayenera kuvumba.
Oidium (powdery mildew mphesa). Zipatso za matendawa zimavunda ndi kugwa, zimamva fungo losasangalatsa. Kuthetsa oidium, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi colloidal sulfure ndi kukonzekera kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito: posachedwa, ndi topazi.
Musaiwale za kupewa zoterezo matenda a mphesa monga anthracnose, chlorosis, bacteriosis, rubella ndi kansa ya bakiteriya.
Mphesa ali ndi adani ena awiri: nyongolotsi ndi mbalame. Kulimbana ndi mbalame, njira zamakono zinkawonjezeredwa ku nsomba zamtundu uliwonse ndi zipolopolo: mbalame sizilola kumva maulendo ena, ndipo zipangizo zomwe zimabweretsa mawuwa zimawonekera m'minda.
Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kumenyana ndi zilonda, kumapeto kwa chilimwe amayamba kudya zipatso zatsopano ndikusanduka tizilombo to mbeu. Pali njira ziwiri zothana ndi mdani uyu: chiwonongeko cha zisala ndi kuyika misampha yapadera.
Njuchi zimapezeka, zothandizidwa ndi njira zothetsera mavu, kenako zimatenthedwa. Kwa misampha, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mabotolo apulasitiki: madzi omwe amathira poizoni amathiridwa mwa iwo, nthambi zimayikidwa kuti mavu amatha kufika kuchipatala, ndipo amaikidwa m'mphesa. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri.
Zaka 55 Olima munda wa dziko lathu ndi Ukraine amalima Kukongola kwa kumpoto mphesa, kukonda izi mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake ndi kudzipereka, chifukwa cha yowutsa mudyo kukoma kwa zipatso zake, chifukwa cha mankhwala. Wofesa munda akudziwa, Kukongola kwa Kumpoto sikudzakugwetsani pansi, kumapereka kotuta kwambiri.
Pakati pa odzichepetsa mitundu ndiyeneranso kulabadira Chisangalalo changwiro, Denisovsky ndi Aleshenkin mphatso.
