Gloxinia imakondedwa ndi alimi ambiri a maluwa chifukwa cha maluwa okongola a maluwa, mitundu yambiri yosankha, yobereketsa mosavuta komanso kuthekera kwa kuswana. Gloxinia ndi banja la Gesneriaceae, chinthu chosiyana ndi kupezeka kwa tuber.
Mukudziwa? Bungwe la Taiwan lotetezera zachilengedwe, Gloxinia, linadziwika kuti ndi mthandizi wamkulu polimbana ndi mpweya wa oxygen kuchokera ku zomera 20 za m'nyumba zomwe zikugwira nawo phunziroli.
Zosangalatsa za zomwe zili mu gloxinia mu nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito maluwa
Kuunikira ndi kutentha kulikonse
Gloxinia ndi chomera chokonda kwambiri komanso chosangalatsa kwambiri. Mukamera mbande, mumatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa, koma chomera chachikulu, kuti mzerewo ukhale wolimba, ndipo maluwawo ndi aakulu, muyenera kukula pazenera zowonongeka bwino kapena makonde.
Dzuŵa lokha limatha kuyambitsa masamba, kotero gloxinia iyenera kukhala shaded kumwera ndi kumawindo akummawa. Kutentha kwapamwamba pa nyengo ya kukula ndi 18-22 ° C, ndi tuber kumera kutentha mpaka 25 ° C kumafunika. Pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pamwamba pa 28 ° C, kutenthedwa kwa mizu kungathe kuchitika, ndipo chomera chidzamva choipa: masambawo adzafuna, masambawo sadzatseguka. Masamba a gloxinia akhoza kupopera, omwe amasonyeza kuti zinthu sizikhala bwino, pakali pano, muyenera kuwonjezera kutentha kwa mlengalenga, kapena kutulutsa mpweya wambiri, komanso kuwonetsetsa kudyetsa.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa nthaka
Gloxinia ili ndi masamba owopsa komanso maluwa aakulu, choncho nthaka imalira mofulumira. Ndikofunika kumwa madzi nthawi zambiri, koma kuti musalole kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Mu September, pamene chomera chikukonzekera nthawi yonse, kuthirira kuchepa. Ngati kuthirira kuli koyenera, mbewuyo imawoneka yathanzi, ndipo pazifukwa zina, masambawa akuuma ku Gloxinia, chifukwa cha ichi ndi mpweya wouma. Pakuti zabwino maluwa gloxinia ayenera mkulu chinyezi, kotero nthawi zambiri amafunika kuzungulira zomera, koma madziwo sagwera pa masamba ndi maluwa. Mukhozanso kuika mphika ndi gloxinia mu chidebe chodzaza ndi miyala yowonongeka kapena dothi lowonjezera.
Chikondi cha Gloxinia kudyetsa. Pa nyengo yokula ndi maluwa, kuyambira April mpaka August, amafunika kudyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, koma kuti asatenthe mizu, ikhoza kudyetsedwa kawirikawiri ndi njira yofooka ndi nthaka yokha. Monga fetereza kwa gloxinia, mungagwiritse ntchito feteleza kwa maluwa okhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous kuposa nayitrogeni.
Flower chisamaliro m'nyengo yozizira dormancy
Tiyeni tiyankhule za zomwe tingachite ndi gloxinia mu kugwa. Kawirikawiri, kugwa, masamba a gloxinia akuuma - zomera zimalowa m'nyengo yozizira dormancy, koma zimakhala kuti zimakhala zobiriwira. Mulimonsemo, pofuna kusunga gloxinia m'nyengo yozizira, masamba onse ayenera kuchotsedwa, chitsa cha 1-2 masentimita mu msinkhu chingatsalike; mu mphika wokhala ndi tuber, m'pofunika kuchotsa mosamalitsa dothi la pamwamba kuti tuber ionekere. Mu mphika wokhala ndi gloxinia tuber, m'pofunika kusakaniza nthaka mochepa, kuikani mu filimu ya cellophane ndikuiyika pamalo ozizira ndi amdima (kwinakwake pansi, pansi pa kama, mu chipinda kapena mu bafa).
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi awiri, mufunika kutsegula filimuyi ndikusungunula nthaka ndi masipuniketi 1-2 a madzi kuti tuber isataye chinyezi ndipo isanyekese, koma n'zosatheka kuti muthe kusungunuka kuti musayambe kuvunda. Mitundu yokhayo ndiyo zomera za chaka choyamba cha moyo, momwe tuber ili yosakwana 2 masentimita. Gloxinia yoteroyo iyenera kusiya kuti ikule nyengo yonse yozizira kuti ikhale ndi tuber yomwe yakula, ndipo ikuphuka chaka chotsatira.
Tulukani chomeracho kupumula
Kuyambira mu January, muyenera kuona tubers kuti zikhalepo. Pamene akuwonekera, muyenera kupeza tuber kuchokera pansi ndikuiyika kuti ikhale yatsopano. Ngati mwaphonya mphindi yakukula, ndipo mphukira yayamba kutambasulidwa, ndiye bwino kuti muzidula ndikudikirira, mwinamwake chitsamba sichingafanane. Taganizirani mmene mungaperekere gloxinia kunyumba.
Kubzala ndi kuziika
Pamene tuber iwuka, muyenera kuichotsa pansi, mwapang'onopang'ono ndikutsuka mizu yonse yoonda ndi yowuma, yambani ndi madzi kuti pamwamba pa tuber ioneke, yang'anani tuber kuti mukhalepo pamalo owonongeka ndi kuwachotsa ndi mpeni. Ikani odulidwawo akhoza kuwaza ndi makala ndi kulola kuti uume kwa tsiku. Ngati tuber ili yosauka, mukhoza kuigwira kwa masiku 2-3 atakulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa kapena mvula ya vermiculite, kotero imatha kubwezeretsa. Musanabzala, tubers ikhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi yankho la fungicide pofuna kupewa matenda a fungal kapena maonekedwe ovunda.
Ndikofunikira! Mukadzala tuber popanda mphukira, muyenera kusamala kuti musabzala pamwamba. Mbali ya pamwamba ya tuber kawirikawiri imakhala ndi phokoso, ndipo m'munsiyi ndi phokoso labwino, losalala.
Ndikofunika kudzala tuber kuti mbali yake yapamwamba ndi mphukira ndi masamba ndi pamwamba. Pamene zikumera, nthaka iyenera kutsanulidwa pa tuber kuti iwonongeke. Mmera wamkulu ayenera kukhala ndi 1-2 cm nthaka pa tuber. Pa nyengo yokula, kuika kwinakwake kuli kotheka ngati chomera chikutha, ndipo sichidzafa m'nyengo yozizira. Kenaka gloxinia ikhoza kudulidwa ku mapepala awiri oyambirira ndikuyika mu nthaka yatsopano. Kuchokera ku masamba a tsamba axils, masamba atsopano kapena mphukira zidzayamba.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Mutabzala, mphika wa tubers uyenera kukhala ndi filimu kuti ukhalebe chinyezi. Pachifukwa ichi, sikofunika kuti madzi a tuber, kuti dothi likhale lonyowa pang'ono, limaloledwa kuti liume pamwamba pake. Ndikofunika kutsegula filimu yoyendayenda tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene mphukira imapanga masamba awiri oyambirira, mukhoza kuphimba mphika usiku wonse, ndipo patatha masiku 3-5 mutenge filimuyi. Othandiza maluwa amalima nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi pamene gloxinia ya tuber limamasula. Pamene chodzala tubers gloxinia limamasula mu 3-4 miyezi.
Nthaka feteleza
Kuti mukhale wokongola wa gloxinia shrub ndi maluwa amphamvu, dothi lodzala gloxinia tuber likhale lopatsa thanzi, labwino kwambiri, koma osati lolemera komanso lopuma. Zokwanira pa maziko a peat. Kuti zikhale bwino, mchenga ndi vermiculite zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kumapeto kwa gawo la malonda. Mitengoyi imadulidwa mkati mwa miyezi 1-2.
Njira zobereketsera gloxinia
Gloxinia - zomera zowonjezereka kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa mbewu ndi kugawaniza tuber, zimachulukitsa zomera, ndi mbali zosiyana za zomera: cuttings, masamba, ngakhale peduncles.
Kuyala maluwa mbale ya maluwa
Pofuna kutulutsa masamba a gloxinium, mungagwiritse ntchito masamba aliwonse, koma masamba akamatengedwera kubzala nthawi, mumatha kuyembekezera kuti gloxinia ikukula kuchokera ku tsamba kuti ayambe kuphulika kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Phesi la kubzala limasiyidwa masentimita 2-3, tikulikulitsa mu nthaka yoonda, yowuma ndikuiyika mu wowonjezera mpaka ma germs awonekere. Ngati pepala ili lalikulu kapena lawonongeka, mukhoza kudula pamwamba pa pepala ndi mpeni kapena tsamba. Gawo lowazidwa ndi makala.
Kudula nsonga za masamba kungathenso kubzalidwa ndi kudula ndi cone kuchokera pakati pa mitsempha kapena kumasula mitsempha yapakati, monga ngati kupanga petiole. Ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yamtengo wapatali, mungathe kubzala tsamba ndi mitsempha, chifukwa mitsempha imapanga mitsempha ya masamba.
Pamene mphukira ikuwoneka yaying'ono, muyenera kupeza tsamba kuchokera ku nthaka ndikusiyanitsa tuber ndi nyongolosi ya tsamba. A tuber ndi mphukira imabzalidwa mozama pansi. Pepala la makolo likhoza kubzalanso kachiwiri. Ngati tsamba limayenda, ndiye kuti muyang'ane nthaka, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mimba.
Zimapezeka kuti tsamba limadulidwa pakati, chifuwa chimapangidwa pamwamba pa mitsempha - dikirani mpaka mphukira ikukula, ndi kugawaniza tuber ndi chidutswa cha mitsempha. Mitengo ya maluwa imakhala yochepa pansi, ngati tubers ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, mungathe kuiyika pansi. Mitundu ya tubing imayikidwa mu hothouse mpaka ikakula. Ngati mphukira zingapo zimapanga pa tuber, ndiye kuti mumachoka kwambiri. Onse otsala kudula ndi kudzala cuttings.
Kubzala mbewu
Kambiranani za momwe mungapangire gloxinia ku mbewu. Mbewu zafesedwa kuyambira November mpaka February. Pofesa mbewu, muyenera kutenga nthaka yochepa, mudzaze chidebecho mpaka theka ndi moisten moyenera. Mbewu imafesedwa bwino mmakina osaya.
Nthanga za Gloxinia ndizochepa kwambiri. Pofuna kufesa mosavuta, mbewu zogulidwa mu sitolo zimatha kutsanulidwa papepala, kutenga mankhwala opangira mano, ndi kuthira madzi, kutenga mbewu imodzi ndi imodzi ndi kuziyika pansi. Ngati mukufuna kubzala mbeu zambiri, ndiye kuti akhoza kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga wouma ndipo mofanana amafesedwa pansi. Simukufunika kuphimba mbewu ndi nthaka, mukhoza kuwaza pang'ono ndi madzi. Kenaka mphika umayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mbewu ndi mbande zisamavute ndi zouma, nthawi zonse mutsegule wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutsegula nthaka.
Pamene mbande idzakhala ndi awiri awiri a masamba, iyenera kuyendetsa. Pofuna kubzala, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mofanana ndi kubzala, koma nthaka iyenera kukhala yosiyana. Pamene zomera zoyandikana zikukula pamodzi ndi masamba, amafunika kuziika kachiwiri. Panthawi ya kukula kumatuluka nthawi 3-4.
Kubalana gloxinia tubers
Gloxinia ikhoza kuchuluka mwa kugawa tuber. The tuber yatengedwa lalikulu. Ngati impso ziwoneka pa izo, zikhoza kugawidwa popanda kuyembekezera ziphuphu, kotero kuti chidutswa chilichonse chili ndi impso. Mukhoza kuyembekezera kuphuka ndipo mutakumba tuber, muzigawanitse kuti ziphuphu zikhale zosiyana. Asanayambe kugawa tuber akhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi yankho la fungicide. Kugawidwa kumapangidwa ndi thipa lakuthwa; pambuyo pake, mbali zina za tuber zingathenso kuthiridwa ndi fungicide ndi owazidwa ndi makala. Kenaka, chomera pansi, komanso zonse tubers. Zimakhulupirira kuti kukonza mbali zina za tuber panthawi yopatukana sikufunika. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kuwasiya tsiku lotsatirali, kotero kuti iwo avulala, ndiyeno mukhoza kumangogwira moyenera.
Ndikofunikira!Mukamagwiritsa ntchito tubers, muyenera kusamalidwa kuti mutsimikizidwe kuti yankho la fungicide silifika pa mphukira zomwe zingatenthe.
Kudyetsa cuttings gloxinia
Ngati mwatsalira stalk gloxinia popanda tubers ndi mizu, izo zingabzalidwe ngati tsamba. Pankhaniyi, phesi imapanga tuber ndi mizu. Kukula kochokera ku gloxinia kumatha kuphulika chaka chimodzimodzi.
Kulima kulima kwa gloxinia
Gloxinia ikhoza kufalitsidwa ngakhale ndi peduncle. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kupulumuka kumakhala kocheperapo poyerekeza ndi masamba, koma ndiyeso. Kuti tichite izi, mchenga umatengedwa, tsinde limadulidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 2-3. The peduncle imalowetsa mu nthaka yothira ndipo imayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kuwunika kuyambira kwa majeremusi kuyenera kukhala ngati momwe masamba amachitira.
Mukudziwa? Odyetsa anazindikira kuti zimamera mumera imodzi imakula mofulumira kuposa momwe anabzala mosiyana.
Zovuta zowonjezera kukula kwa gloxinia
Tsopano ganizirani matenda a gloxinia ndi mankhwala awo. Gloxinia ingakhudzidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kotero muyenera kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wa chomera ndikuchikonzekera ndi kukonzekera nthawi. Pamene kutentha kumatsika, kuthirira kwambiri, dampness ikhoza kukhala ndi matenda a fungal, ndiye tsinde ndi masamba amakhala ofewa, ophimbidwa ndi mawanga. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunikira kuchotsa zonse zomwe zawonongeka za mbeu ndikuzisamalira ndi nthaka ndi njira zenizeni, monga Fitosporin, Trichodermin.
Mu gloxinia, tuber ikhoza kuvunda, masamba amakhala opusa ndipo samachira atatha kuthirira. Ndiye muyenera kudula chomeracho, kutenga tuber, kuchotsa zonse kuwonongeka, kukonza njira yothetsera "Kutalika" ndi youma bwino. Kenaka akhoza kubzalidwa, koma kuthirira mosamala. Dulani gawo la vegetative lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubalana.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi sayansi ya astrobotany, gloxinia ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyana pa mphamvu m'nyumba: ndi maluwa oyera amachotsa maganizo oipa, ndi zofiira amapereka chidziwitso, ndi buluu amadzaza ndi kudzoza, ndipo ndi pinki ndi zofiira zimakupangitsani kuganizira za uzimu.
