Zindikirani kuti chilimwe chimakhala: kukula marjoram ku mbewu ndi mbande

Mafuta a zonunkhira kawirikawiri amayesetsa kulima zomera zawo zokometsera pazenera kapena m'munda kuti azitenga mankhwala abwino kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chimodzi chotchuka kwambiri ndi marjoram, chomwe chili chokwanira kwambiri pa mbale zambiri. Koma nthumwi ya banja la Yasnotkovyh ndi yosasamala za kutentha kwa nthaka, dothi ndi chisamaliro, choncho si aliyense amene amatha kupeza zotsatira zomwe zifunidwa zikadzakula.

Kuti mupambane, m'pofunika kuti mudziwe zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya marjoram kuti ikhale yoyenera ndi magetsi a ulimi wake.

Mfundo zambiri

Dziko lakwawo la Marjoram ndi gawo la Southern Europe, Middle East ndi Mediterranean, kuthengo amakhalanso wamba ku Asia Minor ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Monga zonunkhira chomera chimamera:

• Mayiko akumadzulo kwa Ulaya;
• India;
• Central Asia.

Marjoram imakula pang'onopang'ono ku Caucasus, Ukraine, Baltic States, Moldova ndi Crimea. Kuyenera kutchula oimira a pabanja yasnotkovyh anagawa m'maluwa ndi masamba mitundu. Yoyamba mwa iwo imakula nthawi zambiri ku Central Europe, ndipo yachiwiri - m'mayiko akumwera.

Nthawi yabwino ndi nyengo

Chovuta chachikulu chokula zokometsera chikhalidwe ndi chakuti ndi thermophilic ndipo sichilola pang'ono chisanu. Pa chifukwa ichi, wamaluwa omwe amakhala pakatikati, amayenera kumera ndi mbande.

Mbewu zimamera pa kutentha kwa osachepera + digridi 15 ndipo zimafesedwa mmera wa greenhouses osati kale kuposa April. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutuluka kwa mphukira kukhale ngati kutentha kwa madigiri 20-25. Mbande zolimba zimasamutsidwa ku malo osatha kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, pamene kasupe amatha kuseri ndipo nyengo imakhala yotentha.

Komanso, mbewuzo zimakwiriridwa pansi asanazizire nyengo yozizira, popeza kale analiphimba ndi zowonjezera zowuma, utuchi, udzu, kapena mafilimu ndi galasi. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kuphimba chuma pang'onopang'ono kuchotsedwa.

M'madera ozizira, mbewu za marjoram sizingamere, ngati zafesedwa kumayambiriro kwa nthaka, kotero ndi bwino kukula ngati chipinda cha mmunda kapena mbeu ya pachaka.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu ina ya marjoram imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi ya zomera ndipo imachita mofulumira kuti kutentha kwake kuchepetse, choncho zimaloledwa kufesa nthawi yayitali - kumapeto kwa March. Mwachitsanzo, "Gourmet", yokolola masiku 120 pambuyo pa kumera, ndi "Tushinsky Semko" - pambuyo pa 130-140.

Kusankha malo pamalo otseguka

Kuti apeze mtundu wabwino wobiriwira, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azidzala marjoram kumadzulo kapena m'mapiri otsetsereka ndi nthaka yachonde. Bedi liyenera kukhala pa malo ozizira, otentha ndi mpweya wabwino (popanda penumbra). Komabe, ziyenera kunyamulidwa m'maganizo kuti chikhalidwe ndikuopa drafts ndi mphepo zamphamvu.

Choyenera kwambiri kulima chikhalidwechi ndi dothi lopanda mchenga (mchenga kapena loamy), lopangidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi zakudya. Kumalo othawa, n'zotheka kumanga madengu akuluakulu a mbande, odzazidwa ndi nthaka yosakaniza ndi humus, peat (1/3 mbali), munda wakuda, sod ndi tsamba lapansi.

Ndikofunikira: Kutsetsereka kwa kumpoto ndi mthunzi kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubwino wa mafuta ofunika a zomera.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Ndi zofunika kuti tidziwitse nthaka kuyambira autumn. - kupanga organic ndi mineral feteleza monga potaziyamu sulphate, humus, superphosphate. M'chaka mukhoza kuwonjezera urea kapena ammonium nitrate. Pasanayambe kubzala, nthaka imapindula ndi zinthu zotsatirazi (pa 1 sq. M):

• potaziyamu mchere - 10-15 g;
• superphosphate - 35-40 g;
• urea - 15-20 g

Chomera chabwino marjoram mu nthaka yosasuntha, koma kukumba sikuyenera kukhala kosalala - osapitirira 10-15 masentimita. Ndilo nthaka yobiriwira yomwe mizu ya zomera imagawidwa bwino ndipo imakula mofulumira panthawi yoika.

Kulima

Kufesa mbewu

Kawirikawiri zokolola zam'tsogolo zimadalira mtundu wa mbewu.Choncho, mukamapita ku sitolo ya m'munda, muyenera kumvetsetsa tsiku limene mbewu imasonkhanitsidwa ndi mapulasitiki awo, chifukwa Mafilimu a marjoram ali osapitirira chaka chimodzi. Mbeu zakale sizikhoza kukwera. Chogulitsacho chimagulidwa bwino m'masitolo apadera, kuchokera ku makampani akuluakulu opanga makampani, obereketsa kapena ogulitsa owonetseredwa. Funsani kuti muwonetse ziphatso za khalidwe kuti m'malo mwa marjoram udzu usale.

Dziwani kuti ngati muli ndi mwayi wolima marjoram, mutha kusonkhanitsa mbewu, komabe mutapatsidwa nthawi yayitali, musapange nkhokwe kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo.

Kodi mungakonde bwanji marjoram ku mbewu?

1. Pofuna kubzala mbewu pamtunda, muyenera kuyembekezera kuti nthaka ikhale yochuluka.
2. Kenaka muyenera kusamala mbewu zonse, kutaya zouma, zazing'ono kapena zowonongeka. Kuti mupeze mphukira zoyamba ndikuzizira mankhwala kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mbewuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana pa chidutswa cha nsalu. Ndiye zonsezi zatsala usiku pamalo otentha, pambuyo pake zouma ndikufesedwa mu grooves ndi mamita 15-20 mm, yomwe ili pamtunda wa 150 mm.

   Bungwe: Kuti zikhale zosavuta, mbewuzi zikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga wouma (calcined) wa mtsinje, kenako nkugawidwa pansi.

3. Kulowera sikukuikidwa mmanda, koma mpweya ndi wosanjikiza wa sintsi lapansi kupyolera mu sieve. Pamapeto pake, nthaka imadetsedwa ndi atomizer ndi madzi pang'ono.

Ngati zinthu zonse ziyenera kuchitika, mbande zidzawonekera masabata awiri.

Tikupereka kuwonera kanema pa kukula kwa marjoram ku mbewu:

Njira ya mmera

Kodi kukula tchire?

Kuti tikhale amphamvu tchire kuti tipitirize kuikapo pamalo otseguka pansi, Mbeu zafesedwa mmadzi okwanira 2/3 zodzala ndi dothi (Mbali ziwiri za humus, 1 gawo la mchenga, tsamba lapansi ndi perlite). Kulowera kumakhala kutentha kwa madigiri 20-25 komanso kutentha kwa nthaka osapitirira 60%. Pamene mbande zikukula, zomera zofooka zimachotsedwa nthawi zonse kuti mtunda pakati pawo ndi 50 mm.

Pamene mphukira idzakhala ndi mapaipi awiri a masamba, idzakhala okonzeka kuyendetsa. Musanabzala panthaka, zomera zimaumitsidwa - bwino, nyengo yabwino, mabokosi amatengedwa kwa maola angapo ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumafika pafupifupi 15-20 madigiri. Pambuyo pake, nthawi yotsekemera imakula pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti chikhalidwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito dzuwa, mphepo, ndipo sichidwala m'malo atsopano.

Tumizani pansi

Kulima mbewu pa mabedi ndi pafupi masiku 50-55 pambuyo pa mphukira zoyamba. Popeza maluwa a marjoram akukula, mabowo awo ayenera kukumbidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 20 pakati pa mbande ndi masentimita 40 pakati pa mizere, kotero kuti zomera zikhale ndi kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa ndipo musadetsane. Kenako, chitani motere:

1. amatsanulira dziko lapansi m'mitsuko ndi mbande kuti mizu iwonongeke panthawi yoika;
2. kutsanulira madzi ofunda pamabowo okonzedwa omwe zomera zimabzalidwa;
3. lembani sapling ndi wosanjikiza wa dziko lapansi, ndiyeno ikanizani pang'ono kuti voids apangidwe pansi pazu yomwe imalola mpweya ndi madzi kudutsa.

Pofuna kupewa mawonekedwe a nthaka, tchire sitimayamikiridwa kuti titha kuthiridwe kuchokera pamwamba ndi madzi.

Silingaloledwe kugona pamene mukudzala mphukira zazitsamba zazikulu za dziko lapansi. Ndi bwino kukonzekera pasadakhale modzipatula ndi nthaka yochepa yakuwaza mizu.

Pofuna kuthandizira mbande kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano, imatetezedwa ndi kuphimba zinthu masabata awiri. Nthawi yoyamba mutatha kusinthitsa, marjoramu ayenera kuthiriridwa tsiku lirilonse ndikumasula nthaka pambuyo kuthirira.

Kusamalanso kwina

Kwa mbewu

Pambuyo pofesa zinthu molingana ndi ndondomeko yapamwambayi, nthaka yosakanizidwa ili ndi filimu kapena galasi ndipo imasungidwa kutentha kwa madigiri 20-23. Pakubwera kwa mphukira zoyamba, zovala zimachotsedwa, ndipo ulamuliro wa kutentha ukutsikira kufika pafupifupi 12 mpaka 12 (kwa sabata). Kenaka zomera zimakhala muzochitika izi:

• + Madigiri 18-20 masana;
• + 14 mpaka madigiri 14-16 usiku.

Nthawi yoyamba ndi yabwino kuti asawonetsere kukula kwa dzuwa kuti dzuwa lisamawotchedwe. Amakhala nawo mu penumbra. Ndiponso Ndikofunika kuthirira pa nthawi yake madzi otentha kutentha.. Apo ayi, mizu yofooka idzayamba kuvunda ndipo zomera zidzafa.

Pakuti mphukira zazing'ono

Kuti apeze masamba onunkhira, nthaka pansi pa mbande iyenera nthawi zonse yothira ndi kumasulidwa, ndipo namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa pa mabedi nthawi yake. Amatha kumeta maluwa ndi kutenga zakudya kuchokera pansi. Marjoram ndi chikhalidwe chokonda chikondi komanso chilala, kotero sichilola mthunzi kapena penumbra. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula kwabwino kwa zonunkhira ndi + madigiri 25.

Kuti mupeze chobiriwira chobiriwira, udzu wa nthaka ukhale 50-60%.

Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika palibe kale kuposa masiku 25 mutatha kuika pansi. Kwa izi, zimamera zimathiriridwa ndi yankho lokhala ndi ndowa 1 ya madzi ndi 15 g ya ammonium nitrate. Mpweya wamadzi pamtunda umodzi. Myenera kukhala pafupifupi 50 ml. Mankhwalawa amachitika osapitirira 1 nthawi m'masiku 15. Feteleza saltpeter ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi feteleza ena ovuta. Ndi kukula kwa chikhalidwe, chiwerengero cha feteleza ndi kuthirira kachepa.

Monga feteleza, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa kapena kemira.

Mbali za kuswana kunyumba

Kuphika masamba onunkhira okometsera kumawoneka miphika ya maluwa pawindo la nyumbayo. Zitsulo ndi zomera zimasungidwa bwino m'malo monga:

• zowenera zenera;
• mipanda yamdima (mpaka autumn);
• zipinda zofunda, zotentha (pa matebulo, magome, ndi zina zotero).

Posankha malo a marjoram, muyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi ya maluwa imatulutsa fungo labwino, choncho, simukulimbikitsidwa kuchiyika kuchipinda.

Kuthamanga nthawi zonse kwa zipinda / zipinda mu nyengo yofunda kudzakhala kuteteza kwambiri maonekedwe a matenda a chikhalidwe. Zimaloledwanso kupanga miphika m'chilimwe.

Maluwa a marjoram ndi abwino kwa miphika, ndi miphika - yaifupi, yamasika ndi yakucha.

Nthawi ya nyengo siingakhale yofunika kwambiri pakukula zonunkhira mu nyumba, koma musanafese ndikuyenera kulingalira kuti zomera zimamvera zamoyo, kotero ndi bwino kudzala mu kasupe, chifukwa Izi zidzawonjezera kuchulukitsa kwa mbeu kumera. M'dzinja, marjoram imafalitsidwa ndi kugawa chitsamba ndi cuttings..

Zitsamba ndi amadyera m'nyengo yozizira zimayikidwa kumbali yakumpoto, ndipo chilimwe - kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Kubzala ndi kusamalidwa kwa mbeu sizotsutsana ndi njira yobzala mbewu poyera.

Ngati nyumba ili ndi kuwala pang'ono, ziphuphu zimapereka kuunikira kwina (osachepera maola 6 pa tsiku).

Kuti tchire mu nyumba ikulire motalika kwambiri (zaka 2-3), amafunika kudyetsedwa kamodzi pa mwezi ndi chakudya chambiri kapena kuika biohumus mu mphika. M'tsogolomu, amasinthidwa ndikusindikizidwa muzitsulo ndi malo atsopano.

Kukolola

Marjoram ili wokonzeka kukolola kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu August. Ngati mlimi akukonzekera kuti apeze masamba obiriwira kwambiri, muyenera kudula mapesi a maluwa atangoyamba kuwoneka, koma ndi bwino kuganizira kuti maluwawo ndi abwino kwambiri kuwonjezera pa tiyi, tinctures ndi zipangizo za decoctions. Nkhonozi zimadulidwa ndi mpeni pamtunda wa masentimita 10 kuchokera pansi. Re-kudulira regrown baka ikuchitika kumapeto September - oyambirira October.

Masamba omwe amasonkhanitsa amawoneka muzowonongeka pogona. ndipo zouma mu chipinda chofunda, chabwino komanso choziziritsa mpweya. Mwamsanga pamene misa imalira ndipo imakhala yowopsya, imaphwanyidwa ndikusamutsira zida zotsekedwa bwino. Mu mawonekedwe awa, marjoram ikhoza kusungidwa kwa chaka chimodzi.

Ndikofunikira: kudula mphukira sikungasiyidwe dzuwa, chifukwa Izi zidzatengera kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ofunikira.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mtundu wobiriwira wa marjoramu uli ndi mafuta okwana 1 mpaka 3.5%, omwe amapereka chitetezo ku mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo. Komabe, kununkhiza kwa chikhalidwe ichi kumakopa marjoram mole, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito pheromone kapena misampha yapadera. Mankhwala a tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi mphutsi.

Pa matenda a fungaleni, zomera nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi Alternaria, yomwe imapezeka pamasamba ngati mdima wa mawonekedwe osasintha. Pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa matendawa, ndi kofunika kuyesa zamasamba nthawi zonse ndi kuchotsa zitsanzo za matenda nthawi yake. Pofuna kuteteza kuchepa kwa ulimi wothirira, kuyambitsa kufalikira kwa bowa. Ngati dera lalikulu likukhudzidwa ndi alternaria, zomera zimatengedwa ndi yankho la fungicide.

Kodi chodzala chisanadze ndi izi?

Zotsatila bwino za kubzala marjoram ndi anyezi, mbatata, nyemba ndi kabichi. Kumalo kumene tsamba lamasamba limakula, ndibwino kuti mubzala mizu. Mwachitsanzo, radish, kaloti, beets kapena turnips.

Podziwa malamulo oyendetsera ulimi wamakono a marjoram, ngakhalenso woyang'anira minda amatha kukhala ndi zokometsera zokoma, zonunkhira ndi zathanzi, zomwe zimadya zakudya zokoma, zakumwa komanso mankhwala.