Malangizo a kukolola kochuluka: momwe mungadyetse phwetekere mbande kuti akhale ndi zowonongeka komanso zopinga?

Ambiri okonda chilichonse chilengedwe amakonda tomato kunyumba zawo tomato kugulidwa, wamkulu pa bedi pabedi kapena, mumzinda, pawindo, khonde. Tiyenera kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo kuti ichi ndi chikhumbo chokhazikika, munthu ayenera kuchita khama.

Ndipo muyenera kuyamba ndi kugula mbewu, kufesa, kukula mbande - ngakhale magawowa ndi ovuta, wolima munda adzalandira mphotho yabwino monga mawonekedwe onunkhira, okoma, tomato patebulo lake. M'nkhaniyi tidzayang'ana mmene tingadyetse mbande, ngati ndi zoonda, kuti zikule bwino.

Mbali za ma phwetekere

Akufunika feteleza

Zomera zamphamvu ndi zathanzi ndizo maziko a tsogolo labwino. Ziyenera kukhala ndi zimayambira komanso zosagonjetsedwa, masamba obiriwira komanso ooneka bwino.

Pa mmera, tomato ndi omwe ali otetezeka kwambiri, momwe angakulire? Popanda kuvala pamwamba kumene mitengoyo imamera bwino, osati kusamalira. Zovala zapamwamba ziyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse, chifukwa chikhalidwe ichi chimadya zakudya zambiri panthawi yomwe ikukula. Pankhani ya kuvala, wamaluwa omwe ali ndi zodziwa zambiri amati: payenera kukhala atatu kapena asanu, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa nthaka. Zambiri zokhudza chifukwa chake mukuyenera kudyetsa tomato komanso pamene mukufunika kuzichita nthawi yoyamba, werengani pano, ndi nthawi komanso momwe mungamerezere mbande, tawuzani apa.

Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kuvala, mbande ziyenera kutsanulidwa mochuluka ndi madzi osungira kutentha. Nthaŵi yosangalatsa ya tsiku ndi mmawa. Ndibwino kumasula nthaka kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri m'thupi, koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za tomato, zosonyeza kufunika kwa feteleza:

• Mtundu wa masamba omwe umatulutsa wobiriwira umakhala wobiriwira - izi zimasonyeza kusowa kwa nayitrogeni, ndipo, makamaka, ngati masamba ali owala kwambiri, wothira mafuta, ndiye nitrojeni imalowa m'mitengo yochulukirapo kuposa yowonjezera.
• Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa - chizindikiro chotsimikizirika cha phosphorous m'nthaka, koma ngati masambawo atenga nsalu zofiirira, ndiye kuti mutha kulankhula momveka bwino za kusowa kwake.
• Masamba amatembenukira chikasu kuchokera ku kusowa kwa chitsulo.
• Ndidzachitapo kanthu ndi kusowa kwa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu mwa kupotoza masamba.
• Sapling imauma - imasowa nayitrogeni, imadzazidwa ndi malo ozizira - mchere uwu ndi wofunika kwambiri.
• Masamba omwe ali ndi mthunzi wa buluu wobiriwira kuphatikizapo tsinde lofooka amasonyeza kusowa kwa mkuwa.
• Pamene mbeu ikukula ndipo ana ambiri amamera, mbewuyo imasowa boron.
• Mawanga obiriwira m'munsi mwa masamba amasonyeza kuti alibe magnesium.

Mitsuko itatu yofunika kwambiri ya chitukuko chokhazikika ndi zakutchire zotchedwa high fruiting - nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu.

Ndi ndalama ziti zofunika?

Olima munda, makamaka oyamba kumene, nthawi zambiri amadzifunsa kuti: "Tingadyetse bwanji mbande kukula, pakhomo pakhomo paziwindo? Kodi nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala bwanji pamene tomato amamera komanso ndi angati omwe amawafuna?" M'munsimu muli mndandanda wa zina zabwino kwambiri feteleza pakati pa olima masamba a phwetekere mbande.

Banana peel

Zovala zapamwamba pa tomato ndi pepala la nthochi. Nthomba ndi khungu lawo zili ndi potaziyamu, ndipo zimakhala ndi phosphorous. Kwa nthawi yayitali, chipolopolo chawo chimachiritsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi malire ovomerezeka, omwe amachititsa kuti mbewu zisinthe.

Malangizo. Musanayambe kudya nthochi, ndikukonzekera feteleza pa peel, ayenera kutsuka ndi madzi othamanga ndi sopo.

Mafuta atsopano a banki akulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezeredwa pansi pa chidebe pamene mukunyamula mbatata. Malo ena am'nyengo ya chilimwe a chipatso cha chipatso ichi, auma, opunduka ndi osakanikirana ndi nthaka pofesa mbewu (mungagwiritse ntchito peyala youma ndi yonse, koma pazifukwazi muyenera kuziika pansi pa chidebe cha mbande).

Ena - amaumiriza zikopa za banki m'madzi (khungu la banki 2 - 3 limatsanulidwa ndi malita atatu a madzi ndipo limaphatikizapo masiku atatu, kenaka imadzipatulidwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1) ndipo kulowetsedwa, komwe kunasintha miyezi 1.5, kuwonjezeredwa ndi kulowetsedwa uku.

Tsatanetsatane wa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zikopa za nthochi ndi zina zofunikira kuti mudyetse komanso kukula bwino kwa tomato, werengani pano.

Kugona khofi

Coffee imakhala ndi zakudya zambiri komanso mchere. (kuphatikizapo nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, magnesium), komanso, zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yosasunthika, yodzaza ndi mizu yolimba yomwe imapuma ndi mpweya. Pofuna kudyetsa mbande zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posakanikirana, ndikuzisakaniza ndi nthaka mpaka mbewuzo zidabzalidwa. Keke yachaku yasamba, youma, yosakanizika ndi nthaka mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1.

Urea (carbamide)

Urea ndi maziko a feteleza mbatata, yomwe ili ndi 46% ya nayitrogeni, mineral, yopanda kukula bwino komanso mkulu fruiting ndizosatheka. Koma vuto la kudya ndi nayitrogeni ayenera kuyandikira mosamala kwambiri.

Pa zonse muyenera kudziwa muyeso: ndibwino kuti mupereke mankhwala osungunulira bwino kuposa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimamupweteka kwambiri kuposa kusowa kwawo.

Agronomists ambiri amalimbikitsa kuti urea apange ngakhale asanabzalidwe mbande pansi (1 -2 g pa bokosi). Ndiye, urea amathiridwa ndi mbande zakale kufika 15 mpaka 30 ndipo kale atabzalidwa mu nthaka (25-30 granules pa 10 malita a madzi firiji), mpaka kuyamba kwa ovary yoyamba.

Mazira a nkhuku

Lili ndi calcium, silicon, phosphorous, potaziyamu, yomwe imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kukula kwa mbande. Nkhumba zouma kuyambira mazira 3 mpaka 4 (makamaka yaiwisi) zimanyowa 3 malita a madzi kwa masiku atatu.

Njira ina:

1. Chigoba cha mazira 4, chomwe chinatsukidwa kale ndi chouma, chimakhala pansi pa chopukusira khofi, madzi okwanira 1 litre amatsanulira ndikupangidwira kwa masiku 4-6, ndiye kulowetsedwa kumadzipiritsika mu 10 l madzi.
2. Chifukwa cha kuyimitsidwa kwawonjezeredwa ku mizu ya mbande.

Yiti

Kwa anthu opanda chifukwa pali mau akuti: "Zimakula ndi ziphuphu ndi malire." Thupili, lopangidwa ndipadera, ndi gwero la mabakiteriya achilengedwe omwe amathandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mbande. Iwo ndi otchuka komanso otsika mtengo wopatsa phwetekere.

1. 10 g wa "moyo" yisiti yosungunuka m'madzi ofunda, kuwonjezera 4 tbsp. shuga
2. Zotsatira zake zimadzipukutidwa ndi madzi (1:10) ndi kutsanulira pansi pa mizu ya tomato pa nthawi yoyamba kudya.

Njira ina: 5 g ya yisiti ya mkate iwonongeke mu malita asanu a madzi, imatsatilira tsiku limodzi, ndiyeno mukhoza kuwonjezera mbande. Nsiti iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbatata yomwe ili ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.

Kuyambira pa vidiyoyi mudzaphunzira momwe mungapangire chovala ndi yisiti kuti mukolole bwino:

Epin

Mankhwalawa ndi othandizira kukula kwa mbande, ndi mtundu wa zomera. Mankhwalawa ndi yankho la ebiprassinolide mu mowa wa 0.025 g / l., Lili ndi shampoo, yomwe imapatsa thovu, "kumangiriza" zinthu zothandiza masamba. Cholinga chachikulu cha Appin - kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mchere wa phwetekere, Kulimbikitsa rooting mofulumira ya mbande.

Epin amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mbeu (chimfine, chilala, matenda, tizirombo), koma sitimere!

Mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi iliyonse ya kukula kwa zomera: amatha kupanga mbeu, kupopera mbewu, ndiyeno - panthawi ya maluwa ndi fruiting. Pokonzekera njira yothetsera, tsatirani malangizowa mosamala. Monga lamulo, chiwindi cha chinthucho chimachepetsedwa mu madzi osankhidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa maola oposa 24. Pakuti mbande ya gawo "2 - 4 timapepala" mlingo wa zakudya ndi 1 buloule pa madzi okwanira 1 litre, podula madontho atatu pa 100 ml ya madzi.

Mowa

Njira yothetsera mowa imatengedwa kuti ndi mbewu yabwino kukula kwa biostimulator. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu gawo la maonekedwe a tsamba loyamba. Ndi bwino kudyetsa "mowa" mowa (1 l pa 10 l madzi), kupeŵa ingress ya masamba ofunda. Mbeu zowonjezereka zidzakhala zolimba, zotsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda, zidzakhala zovuta kupirira kukolola ndi kuika.

Kodi ndikudyetsa bwanji mbande pawindo pakhomo?

Mbande ya tomato pawindo imayenera kudyetsa. Ndi mtundu wanji wa feteleza woti uzidyetsa mu nkhaniyi? Akatswiri a zaulimi akuyankhula za ubwino wa feteleza ndi kukonzekera konse: phulusa laling'ono la nkhuni limaphatikizidwa ndi malita 10 a madzi, ndipo 3 tbsp ya mullein kapena Vermicide yawonjezedwa pamalo omwewo. Mutatha kusakaniza bwino, yikani izi kuimitsa mizu. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa kudyetsa mbatata kunyumba, werengani pano.

Pamene mukukula mbande pawindo, choyamba chokongoletsera chikulimbikitsidwa pambuyo pakuwona 2-3 masamba enieni, chachiwiri ndi chachitatu - mu 10-12 masiku, otsiriza masiku 5-7 asanadzalemo pansi.

Posankha mankhwala oti akudyetseni muyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi mawonekedwe a chomera. Chotsatira cha kuchepa kochepa kwa zinthu zina za mchere kunatchulidwa pamwambapa, ndipo zidzakuthandizani kuzidzaza:

• Korovyak ndi kusowa kwa nayitrogeni (1 l pa 10 l madzi). Mbewu wamkulu imathiriridwa ndi 0,5 malita a yankho, ndipo kwa mbande mlingo wafupika.
• Calcium nitrate (20 g pa 10 lita imodzi ya madzi) amathandizira kuthetsa kusowa kwa calcium kuwonjezera pa njira zapamwamba zomwe zimatchulidwa kale.
• Kuperewera kwa iron kumathandiza kupopera mbewu za mbeu ndi 0, 25% yothetsera sulphate.
• Kodi phosphorus mulibe phwetekere? Izi zosokoneza zimathetsa superphosphate kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. 20 tbsp. Granules amatsanulira 3 malita a madzi otentha, chidebecho chimasamutsira ku malo otentha kwa tsiku. 150 ml ya madzi opezekawo amadzipiritsika mu 10 malita a madzi, pamene akuwonjezera 20 ml ya feteleza iliyonse ya nitrogenous (onani mtundu wa phosphate feteleza wa tomato m'nkhaniyi).
• Potaziyamu sulphate (15 g pa madzi okwanira 10 l) ndi ofunika ngati pali kusowa kwa potaziyamu.
• Kuperewera kwa mkuwa kudzathandiza kuthetsa vuto la mkuwa wa sulfate (1 - 2 g pa 10 malita a madzi).
• Ngati muthetsa 5 g wa boric acid mu 10 malita a madzi, mukhoza kuchotsa kusowa kwa boron.
• 1. hl magnesium nitrate mu 10 malita a madzi amaletsa zizindikiro zomwe zimawonetsa kuti alibe vutoli.

Kodi kuwonjezera ku mapesi kunali kotani?

Kodi mungadyetse bwanji mbande popanda makina, kuti zimayambira? Funso lofanana ndilo likufunsidwa ndi alangizi ambiri amaluwa. Kuwonjezera pa njira zonse zapamwambazi, agronomists odziwa bwino akhoza kukuwuzani zomwe feteleza zimaperekabe: Sabata lirilonse liyenera kudyetsedwa mbande za iodini. 5-6 madontho a ayodini amasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi, muyenera kuwonjezera madzi pansi pa mizu, kupewa kupezeka ndi masamba, osaposa kamodzi pa sabata. Zidzakhala zokwanira kupanga mizu limodzi ndi tsamba limodzi kudyetsa njirayi. Pogwiritsira ntchito mafayiu, dontho la iodini limaphatikizapo 2 malita a madzi ofunda ndi 0,5 magalasi a seramu.

Musaiwale za mankhwala omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera omwe ali ponseponse: amagwirizanitsa zinthu zonse za mchere, zakudya komanso zakudya zomwe zimapangidwira mbande za tomato.

Ambiri omwe amadziwika nawo pamsika wam'mudzi ndi Nitrofoska, Vermicofe, Kristalon. Mlingo ndi mautumiki akuwonetsedwa mu malangizo.

Mwachindunji za zochitika za kumapeto kwa maonekedwe, ubwino ndi phindu la kuzigwiritsira ntchito, tanena m'nkhaniyi.

Malamulo ambiri a chisamaliro

1. Kusunga kutentha. Kutentha kwakukulu komanso mozama kwambiri kutentha kwazomera. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 20С-+ 25С masana komanso 18С usiku.
2. Kuunikira Kutalika kwa maola a usana kwa mbande sayenera kukhala pansi pa chilimwe. Mukamabzala mbande mu February, muyenera kukumbukira kuti muyenera kugula fitolamp yapadera. Ikhoza kupereka mphamvu zosiyana za kuwala - izi ndizofunikira pakukula mbande pazigawo zosiyanasiyana. Zithunzi zonse pa nkhaniyi zimayikidwa mu malangizo a nyali.
3. Kuthamanga kumapangidwa pa siteji ya "1 -2 timapepala enieni". "Okalamba" sapling, ndizovuta kwambiri kupulumuka. Pambuyo pa mbeuyi musamamwe madzi masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi, kotero kuti chomeracho chikhoza kukhazikika.
4. "Zowononga" mbande. Kwa masabata 1 mpaka 2 musanadzalemo mbande m'nthaka, muyenera kutsegula mawindo omwe mabokosi omwe ali ndi tomato amawaika maola angapo. Pang'onopang'ono, nthawi ya "mpweya wabwino" iyenera kuwonjezeka mpaka maola 6 mpaka 8, ndipo masiku atatu mpaka asanu, matanki ayenera kuchitika kunja kwa nyengo yamtendere, yopanda mphepo.

Kuthirira

Tomato - chikhalidwe chomwe chimafuna kuti chikhale chokwanira mu zonse, kuphatikizapo kuthirira. Sikokwanira kukwera kapena kudzaza mbande, zokwanira kuti nthaka nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa. Asanayambe mbande kuchokera ku nyemba za phwetekere, dothi lopanda dothi limatsirizidwa kuchokera ku sprayer, atangooneka masamba awiri kapena atatu pa mphukira, pofuna kulimbitsa chitukuko cha mizu, kuthirira kuchokera pansipa (poto) kumachitidwa. Madzi ayenera kupatulidwa kapena osankhidwa, osachepera +20 C.

Kulima mbande ya phwetekere ndi kovuta, koma panthawi yomweyi, kuyamikira: kulawa mchere wonyeketsa ndi tomato m'munda wanu, aliyense adzasangalala kuti zipatso izi ndizo ntchito yake yonse. Ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza ya tomato ndi njira zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zimapatsa katswiri wa novice chilimwe ndi wokhala ndi katswiri wamakono ndi zochitika zanzeru ndi zokolola zochuluka.