Ntchito zokonzekera malo obiriwira kuti abzalidwe tomato m'chaka ndi m'dzinja. Chochita?

Tomato - chikhalidwe chofala komanso chotchuka cha munda. Chinsinsi cha kukolola zabwino ndi zapamwamba ndizokwanira ndi kukonzekera kokonzekera wowonjezera kutentha kwa masamba.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ntchito yomangira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo musanadzalemo tomato, komanso kugwa mutatha kukolola, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Kuonjezerapo, tidzakambirana za njira yokonzekera, kuyeretsa ndi kupiritsa mankhwala m'nthaka, komanso momwe angakhalire kompositi ndikuyika mabedi pansi pa tomato.

Kufunika kwa ndondomekoyi

Mtengo wa mbeu yomwe mumalandira umadalira momwe mungakhalire bwino, moyenera komanso moyenera. Mbande phwetekere ali ndi nthawi yina yodzala ndi chifukwa chake n'kofunika nthawi yokonzekera wowonjezera kutentha.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa tomato?

Kukonzekera kofunikira

• Kuyendera kwa chimango: chimango cha nkhuni chimayang'ana zitsamba zonse ndi kudenga. Akazindikira zolakwa zawo, amachotsedwa. Chitsulo choyendetsedwa kuti chiwonongeke. Mukapezeka pamagulu a chimango, amasinthidwa.
• Kuphimba kuyang'ana: pamagalasi opangira galasi amalowetsa galasi losweka kapena losweka, mapuloteni a polyethylene omwe amasindikizidwa kapena osindikizidwa, zokutira polycarbonate ndi zoperewera zimalowetsedwa.

Processing

Makhalidwe ndi zofunda

Kutsegula maginito kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumadalira zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa.. Chokhazikitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Makhalidwe apangidwa ndi chitsulo, matabwa ndi PVC. Wood ndi PVC amachiritsidwa ndi sulfure, koma osati chitsulo. Sulfure zofunkha zitsulo. Mafelemu achitsulo ogwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha ndi vinyo wosasa. Polyvinyl chloride scaffolds amathandizidwanso ndi mankhwala a acetic ndi madzi kutentha kwa +60. Kukonza mapulani a matabwa abwino mkuwa sulphate.

Zovala

Firimuyi kapena galasi imachizidwa ndi njira yotentha ya sopo (madzi osapitirira +40). Sopoyo imasungunuka m'madzi ndipo mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi burashi. Zovala za polycarbonate zimaperekedwa ndi yankho la manganese. Njira yothetserayi imatsukidwa ndi yotentha. Makamaka mosamala kusamalira ngodya. Kenaka youma wowonjezera kutentha.

Zophimba zosakanizika za film

Pangani potaziyamu permanganate, youma ndi kusunga matumba osindikizidwa.

Zochitika m'dzinja

Kuyeretsa

Kuyeretsa - kuchotsedwa kwa zomera zosatha. Chotsani pamwamba ndi pansi pamtunda. Palibe chomwe chiyenera kusokoneza ukhondo wa zitunda. Zotsalira za zomera zosatha ziyenera kuthyoledwa ndi mizu ndi kutayidwa.

Kuchotsedwa kwa nthaka

Nthaka yochotsedwayo imatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo imatengedwa kuti itsegule zitunda, imatsanulira mu flowerbeds kapena pansi pa mitengo. Malo ochotsa nthaka ayenera kuchotsedwa posachedwa.. Chotsani chatsopano chiyenera kukhala chonde. Nthaka iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa bwino.

Pali njira zoterezi zowonjezera mapiri ndi dothi:

• nthaka;
• kudzikonzekera kwa nthaka.

Kugula dothi ndi kophweka, koma mwina sikukhala ndi zigawo zonse zofunika. Choncho, ndi bwino kukonzekera nthaka.

Dothi la nthaka liyenera kukhala lotayirira. Zagawo za nthaka siziyenera kukhala zazing'ono, kuti asapange dothi ndi madzi, koma osati zazikulu, kuti asalole madzi kuyenda monga sieve. Mankhwala ayenera kusungidwa m'nthaka. Iyenera kukhala manyowa okwanira. Sayenera kukhala mineral feteleza.

Kukhoza kulandira ndi kusunga chinyezi ndikoyenera kukonzekera nthaka. Izi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana pakati pa zomwe zili ndi asidi amchere ndi alkali. Iyenera kuti iwonongeke. M'madongosolo a nthaka yatsopano:

• peat;
• mchenga;
• kompositi kapena humus.

Pofuna kuti chonde chikhale ndi chonde, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.. Ndipo kuti lipindule nthaka ndi humus amagwiritsa ntchito manyowa kapena zitosi. Pambuyo pokonzekera nthaka yatsopano, imachizidwa ndi Flora-S.

Disinfection

Pakuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatengera:

• chithandizo;
• mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• kusuta sulfure.

Njira yokhala ndi sulfure ndi yabwino chifukwa ndi chithandizo chake osati nthaka yokhayo yomwe imakhalapo mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi yotetezedwa, koma yonse yotentha mkati. Choncho, kuyiritsa mankhwala wowonjezera kutentha ndi fumwe ndi sulfure kumatengedwa kuti ndibwino kwambiri.

Kuyika malo atsopano

Iyi ndi siteji yotsiriza. Dothi latsopano limatulutsidwa mmalo mwa chingwe chochotsedwacho. Kugona motero kuti palibe chosowa, chophatikizana ndi mogawanika. Lembani mabedi 5 cm ndi wosanjikiza wa udzu wouma, wouma. Chipale choyamba chitagwa, amaika pamabedi ndi udzu.

Kutsika kwa chipale chofewa, nthaka yocheperapo imatha., ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opindulitsa timapitirizabe kugwira ntchito pa nthaka.

Ntchito za Spring

Yambani ndi kutenthetsa padziko lapansi.

Kuwotcha m'njira zingapo.:

1. Samasulani ndi kukonzekera nthaka yobzala, yophimba ndi filimu yakuda musanafike.
2. Tsemasula, kudutsa mu grooves, kutsanulira pa madzi otentha, kuika ndi kuphimba ndi filimu kwa masiku 2-3.
3. Amapanga mabedi ofunda. Chotsani chosanjikiza cha dziko mu 25-40 masentimita. Ikani makungwa, utuchi pansi pa pulawu. Pamwamba ndi udzu kapena udzu ndikuwaza ndifulumizitsa. Bwezeretsani dzikolo, kuphatikizapo kompositi kapena manyowa ovunda.

Kukonzekera dothi kuchita izi.:

1. Anamasulidwa kale.
2. Kuwotcha nthaka.
3. Manyowa ndi organic feteleza.
4. Sungani asidi.
5. Amafukula, kumasula ndi kumasula nthaka.
6. Amathiridwa ndi zothetsera zamoyo.

Mankhwala

M'chaka, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kugwa. Izi zachitika kotero kuti tizilombo topindulitsa, tafa ndi khemistri, timabwezeretsedwa mwachibadwa. Pambuyo pa ntchitoyi nkofunika kubwezeretsa chonde ndi chithandizo cha chilengedwe.

Mankhwala omwe amavomereza:

• posachedwa;
• mkuwa sulphate;
• sulfure;
• 2% iprodione;
• TMTD fungicide.

Kubwezeretsa nthaka yobereka pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Chemistry imapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya. Bweretsani iwo ayambe sabata patatha kugwiritsa ntchito makina. Kuti mupeze kachilombo ka microflora, gwiritsani ntchito Baikal Em-1.

Madziwo akukonzekera masiku asanu asanayambe mankhwala. Mu malita 4 a madzi osungunuka, onjezerani 40 ml yokonzekera ndi supuni 4 za uchi, sakanizani ndi kuphimba ndi chivindikiro. Limbikitsani njirayi kwa masiku asanu ndikutsanulira pa nthaka. Pambuyo pa mankhwala ndi makina, kompositi kapena humus amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa humus..

Kuchulukitsa dothi kungapangitse zowonjezera zowonjezera mchere wa humic acid.

Kutentha kwa kasupe kasupe

M'dzinja, chotsani dothi losanjikiza 5-10 masentimita. Mzere wa masentimita 10 uwufalitse pa filimu yakuda. Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kapena otentha.. Sambani nthaka ndi madzi ndi kuphimba ndi zojambulazo.

Kutentha, kuponyera pa udzu kapena zinthu zina zowononga. M'dziko lino, nthaka ndi masiku atatu. Kenaka amabweretsedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera. Pambuyo pa masiku 14 mukhoza kuyamba kubzala.

Njira yowonongeka kwa nthaka

Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa nthaka. Iyi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri. Zidzatha kuthetsa matenda a fungal, kupondereza maonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kusintha kukula kwa tomato.

Zambiri Zamakono:

• Baikal;
• Baktofit;
• Trichodermin.

Chiwonongeko chonse cha nthaka chidzachitika pambuyo pa zaka 3-4. Mofanana, wowonjezera kutentha umadzazidwa ndi gawo la zinthu zofunika: manyowa ovunda, kompositi, zitosi.

Kompositi

Kukonzekera m'nyengo ya chilimwe pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala aliwonse ndi zowonongeka (nsonga, masamba, udzu, mphukira). Kutayika kwaikidwa mulu wamulu. Azimwa madzi omwe ali ndi mankhwala, nthawi iliyonse yomwe imatha kufika 20-30 cm. 100 ml yokonzekera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa malita 10 a madzi.

Kukula kompositi idzatenga miyezi 1.5-3. M'chaka pamene kukula tomato kumawonjezeredwa ngati feteleza. Anadzazidwa ndi mabedi a manyowa, madzi a chilengedwe.

"Fitosporin M" chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nthaka

Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo poyambitsa matenda a fungal. Chidachi chiri mu mawonekedwe a phala, ufa kapena madzi. Pasitala ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Njira yothetsera vutoli imapangidwa kuchokera kwa iyo yomwe imasunga malo ake kwa nthawi yaitali. Nthawi yoyamba yogwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi kubwereza pambuyo masabata awiri.

Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito madzulo pamene kulibe dzuwa. Konzani yankho pa tsiku la chithandizo 2 maola asanakwane. Pa 10 malita a madzi mumasowa 5 g wa ufa. Kuchokera pa phalayi konzani yankho mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2. Kuthirira nthaka ndi yankho lotere ndilofunikira sabata musanadzalemo tomato.

Mabedi a Bookmark kwa tomato

Kutalika konse kwa chigwacho sikukumba ngalande, momwe kuya kwake kuli pa bayonet wa fosholo. Msuzi watsopano umayikidwa mu ngalandeyi, umathamanga ndi kuthirira ndi madzi otentha. Chomera chapamwamba cha dziko chinatsanulidwa. Pa perekop pa mita iliyonse lalikulu amapereka peat, mchenga ndi humus. Kuwonjezera pa organic organic fertilizers.:

• 200 g ya potaziyamu;
• 250 g wa phosphorous;
• 350 nitrojeni.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito greenhouses musanadzalemo masamba

Posakhalitsa musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kukonza wowonjezera kutentha. Izi ndizofunika kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda a fungal ndi matenda ena, komanso maonekedwe a tizirombo. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, mungagwiritse ntchito mapangidwe apadera, sulfure, sopo.

Pakukonzekera dongosolo lonse la wowonjezera kutentha ndi chophimba kumatsukidwa.. Chimodzimodzinso chithandizo cha dziko lapansi ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Amagwidwa molingana ndi malangizo pa phukusi ndipo amathandizira pansi.

Ngati mutatsatira malamulo onsewa, mutha kukonzekera wowonjezera kutentha kwa tomato. Ndipo pokonzekera bwino, pangani zokolola zapamwamba ndi zolemera, zomwe banja lanu lonse lidzasangalala nazo.