Saintpaulia ndi chomera cha banja la Gesneriev. Amachokera ku East Africa - kuchokera kumapiri a Tanzania ndi Kenya. Zilibe kanthu ndi violets zomwe zingapezeke m'nkhalango ndi m'minda ya Russia, komabe chifukwa cha zofanana ndi dzina la kumpoto dzinaake, imatchedwanso Ubarbar wa violet (kutchedwa dzina la mapiri a Uambarsky, kumene amakula m'chilengedwe). Saintpaulia anawululidwa mu 1892, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ntchito yosankha pa iyo siidaleke. Mu chilengedwe, maluŵa ndi ofiira-buluu.
Chifukwa cha kusankha kwautali, maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana adalengedwa - kuchokera ku violet kupita ku chizungu. Pali magulu angapo a mitundu - maluwa osakanikirana, maluwa okhala ndi malire, mitundu yosiyana-siyana (ma petals osiyana siyana ndi majambuko a maonekedwe osiyanasiyana), chimeras - maluwa okhala ndi nyenyezi monga mtundu, yomwe imakhala pakati pa petal.
Pali zina zomwe mungachite kuti mutenge mitundu iwiri kapena itatu ndi mithunzi. Mitundu pafupifupi 32,000 ya saintpaulia imadziŵika, ndipo pafupifupi 2,000 ndi kuswana kwa Russia. Zina mwa izo ndi mitundu ya Kursk breeder Tatiana Pugacheva.
Information on breeder Tatiana Pugacheva
Tatyana Pugacheva ndi amene amapanga mitundu monga Vanessa, Reed Dance, Yaroslava, Natali, Chophimba Chophimba, Elenika, Nonna, Chihema Chakumwamba, Jacqueline ndi ena ambiri. M'ndandanda zamatundumitundu mitundu ya violets Tatiana Pugacheva anasonyeza ndi chiyambi "PT". Tiyeni ife tizikhalabe pa ena a iwo.
Mitundu ya maluwa - ndondomeko ndi chithunzi
"Natalie"
Zosiyanasiyana ndi zazikulu (mpaka 6 masentimita awiri) pinki maluwa ndi buluu malingaliro. Maluwawo ndi osavuta kapena ochepa-kawiri ndi diso loyera la pinki ndi loyera. Pa malo omwewo akhoza kuperekedwa maluwa a mtundu wosiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Zipatso ziwirizi zimamera pamtundu uliwonse. Terry amawoneka pachimake chachiwiri ndi chachitatu.
Zosiyanasiyana zimapereka masewera ambiri, nthawi zina zimadutsa mtundu wa chimeric. Masamba ndi obiriwira amdima ndi ofiira kwambiri mkati. Maphunzirowa ndi ofunika kwambiri. Zowopsya olima amaluwa amazindikira kufooka kwa mapesi a maluwa, omwe akhoza kugwa popanda kupitirira kukula kwa duwa.
Mafilimu otchedwa masewera amatchedwa kupotoka mwachisawawa kumbali zosiyanasiyana. Nthaŵi zina, masewera otetezeka pambuyo poyesedwa kwautali amaonekera mu mitundu yatsopano.
Tikukupemphani kuti muwone vidiyo yokhudzana ndi zochitika za Natali zosiyanasiyana violet:
Elenika
Mitundu yambiriyi imakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira omwe ali ndi maluwa akuluakulu osiyana-siyana. Pakatikati mwa duwa sichidziwikiratu kuwala kowala. Kuwala kwa malire kumadalira makamaka kuunikira ndi kutentha, pansi pa zochitika zina zingathe kutha ndipo zimawonekera pachimake chotsatira.
Terry violet, monga lamulo, mu maluwa oyambirira samachitika. Zosiyanasiyana zimamasula kwambiri. Mzere wautali wamkati, wobiriwira, mtundu womwewo kumbali zonsezo. Mapepala apakati a sing'anga, obiriwira kumbali zonse ziwiri.
Ndikofunikira: Zosiyanasiyanazi zimapereka masewera ambiri, kuphatikizapo - ndi masamba okongoletsa. Imodzi mwa masewera oterewa ndi omwe Tatyana anapeza m'kalasi yapadera yotchedwa PT-Fiona.
"Reed Dance"
Maluwa a zosiyanazi ndi pinki, zojambula pamphepete mwa phokoso lofiirira ndi lobiriwira, lomwe limayendana bwino. Maluwa ndi osavuta komanso ochepa. Zitsamba zimamasula kwambiri. Zipatso za Florists zimagonjetsa mthunzi wa matope wodabwitsa komanso wautali wa pinki pistil, kukumbukira mphuno ya Pinocchio. Chitsamba chokhala ndi rosette yabwino ya masamba awiri (kutsogolo kumbali yobiriwira, mbali yolakwika ndi yaukaka).
"Jacqueline"
Maluwawo ndi aakulu (pafupifupi masentimita asanu m'mimba mwake), awiri, owala, amafanana ndi pompons. Chiphuphu chofiira chofiira ndi malingaliro osaoneka achibulu.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zosiyanasiyanazi sizitsitsimutsa mukutumiza mtundu wa maluwa.. Zikuchitika kuti m "maluwa oyambirira maluwa oyera akuphulika ndi yopapatiza pinki pamzere, nthawi yotsatira maluwawo ndi ofiira pinki, kenako chitsamba chidzaphimbidwa ndi zofiirira maluwa ndi lonse loyera. Alimi ena amaluwa amatha kunena kuti pambali pa tsamba lalikulu la masamba, maluwa nthawi zina amawoneka ang'ono, kotero masambawo ayenera kudulidwa. Zosiyanasiyana ndi thermophilic ndi wachikondi, maluwa imatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
"Angelica"
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakondwera ndi alimi amaluwa. Maluwawo ndi aakulu, otentha kwambiri, okhala ndi mpweya. Mphuno ya pinki ndi zosawerengeka zachibuluu ndi malire awiri-khungu lofiira ndi loyera. Amamasula kwambiri ndipo pafupifupi chaka chonse. Nthaŵi zina kumera koyera kumasowa pachiyambi choyamba. Masamba ndi osavuta, obiriwira.
"Seraphim"
Palinso maluwa akuluakulu, terry ndi theka-awiri. Petals ndi wavy, pinki yokhala ndi zoyera komanso zoyera, zojambula zofanana ndi madontho, mikwingwirima ndi zilonda. Amamasula kwambiri. Pakati pa ubwino zosiyanasiyana angadziŵike ndi wamphamvu maluwa mapesi.. Masamba ndi obiriwira.
"Nonna"
Maluwa ndi aakulu kwambiri, osavuta komanso ochepa. Mtunduwu ndi wa pinki wokongola, pakati pake ndi pepala lofiira. Zilonda zamoto zofiirira zimakhala ndi malire oyera komanso zofiirira. Mankhwala ozungulirika samagwera pansi polemera maluwa.
M'nyengo yoziziritsa, malire oyera amatha kuwonongeka kwathunthu, koma mtundu wobiriwira umasungidwa.
"Candy candy"
Zosiyanasiyana ndi zazikulu zamitundu iwiri-iwiri ndi mzere wa wavy. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi dzina la chitumbuwa cha maluwa, pakati ndi malire ndi oyera, ndi kusowa kwa utoto woyera kumatuluka. Amamasula kwambiri komanso motalika. Rosete wa masamba obiriwira ndi abwino kwambiri.
Zizindikiro za Pugacheva violets
Kawirikawiri, maluwa aakulu amadziwika ndi mitundu ya mitundu ya Tatiana Pugacheva (mwa mitundu ina, maluwawo amakhala awiri cm, nthawi zambiri kawiri, ndi mapulaneti). Tatyana Pugacheva amagwira ntchito ndi violets osiyanasiyana. Amakonda mitundu yachilendo, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wobiriwira wa malire. Nkhumba nthawi zambiri zimakongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera zokongola.
Posachedwapa, wobereketsa akugwira ntchito mwakhama pa mitundu ya buluu, yofiira ndi pinki.. Kawirikawiri katatu ndipo nthawi zina mitundu inayi imagwirizanitsidwa maluwa. Tatiana amayesetsa nthawi zonse kuti azichita bwino. Amanena kuti chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri, kuphatikizapo zokongoletsera za maluwa okha, ndizobwino rosettes ndi zowonjezera maluwa mapesi.
Bungwe: Mitundu yatsopano ya violets, kuphatikizapo mitundu ya Tatiana Pugacheva, sungathe kukhala ndi makhalidwe pamene ana abereka, motero ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ana opeza.
Mbalame ya aspiral imatulutsa mphukira yakukula kuchokera ku sinus ya masamba a kuthengo. Ana ndi mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zikukula pafupi ndi kudula.
Mosakayikira, maluwa a Tatiana Pugacheva adakongoletsera chilichonse cha Saintpaulia. Koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti iwo amawombera, amafunika kuunikira, kudula masamba ndi kudyetsa. Kugula zinthu zakuthupi ziyenera kukhala kuchokera kuzipangizo zodalirika, makamaka kuchokera kwa wobadwa yekha. Mukamagula chomera chachikulu muyenera kumvetsera maonekedwe ake. Masamba ayenera kukhala obiriwira komanso odzola, opanda mawanga achikasu ndi zolakwika zina.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tikamagula maluwa, ikhoza kugwetsa maluwa pambuyo pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka katundu, choncho ndi bwino kugula masamba ndi masamba osakwanira. Ngati mukutsatira malamulowa, mukhoza kuyembekezera mitundu yambiri yokongola, yokongola yomwe idzasangalatse diso pafupifupi chaka chonse.
