Funso lofunika: momwe mungamere tomato zokoma ku mbewu? Kulima ndi Kusamalira Malamulo

Kukula tomato sikovuta. Koma mungatani kuti ikhale yotchipa komanso yowonjezera? Ena amakonda kugula mbande pamsika kapena kumera, ena - kukula tomato ku mbewu.

Pogwiritsa ntchito tomato wathanzi, omwe amakhala kale mukhitchini yanu, mukhoza kukula tomato. Ngati mumakonda tomato ndipo mukufuna kuphatikiza tomato m'munda wanu womwe mukudya, ndiye kuti yesetsani kukulitsa mbewu. Njira iyi ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zonse. Koma chinthu chimodzi chimveka - tomato wakula kuchokera ku mbewu sichidzadutsa ndi feteleza ndipo zidzatengera ndalama zambiri.

Kodi kukula tomato?

Kukula tomato ku mbewu kungagawidwe m'magulu angapo.. Izi ndi kukonzekera mbewu, kubzala, kukula mbande, kunyamula, kubzala tomato pansi.

1. Chinthu choyamba kuchita ndi kusankha mbeu yoyenera, popeza kukula kwa tomato ndi mbewu kumatenga nthawi yaitali kusiyana ndi mbande, ndipo chisankho chabwino pa nthawiyi chidzapulumutsa nthawi mtsogolo. Pa nthawi yomweyi muyenera kuganizira za nyengo ndi nthaka. Muyeneranso kusankha pa zosiyanasiyana, kodi mukufunadi kwenikweni? Mankhwala oyambirira a tomato oyambirira kapena ochedwa, ndipo mwinamwake mukusowa masamba amene angasungidwe kwa nthawi yaitali?
2. Mbeu zitasankhidwa, zimakonzedwa ndikufesedwa (phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mbeu za phwetekere musanafese, pano).
3. Pamene mbande zimakula pang'ono, zimasambira ndi kukhala pansi. Apa iwo amakula kufikira nthawi yosamutsira pansi. Mmene mungamere mbande za tomato ku mbewu popanda kuswana, werengani pano.

Izi ziyeneranso kunenedwa Palinso njira yopanda mbewu yopangira tomato ku mbewu.

Lili ndi zizindikiro zake:

1. Sankhani nthawi yoyenera kufesa.
2. Sankhani malo abwino (kumpoto ndi kumwera sangakwane).
3. Konzani ndi kuthirira mabedi.
4. Konzani zakuthupi.
5. Ikani arc pamwamba pa munda kuti muteteze mbande.

Ndalama ndi phindu la kulima tomato ku mbewu

Zotsatira:

• Kutsika mtengo Kukula tomato ku mbewu kumakhala kosavuta kuposa kukula kwa mbande.
• Kuthamanga kwapamwamba ndi kufalikira kwa tomato.
• Chotsimikiziridwa kuti mupeze ndiwo zamasamba.

Wotsutsa:

• Zofunika kwambiri za ntchito.
• Kufunika kwa malo akulu (kwa mbande).
• Palibe chitsimikizo kuti zomera zidzakhala zathanzi ndikupereka zokolola zabwino.
• Muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi luso lofunikira.

Kukonzekera

Kukonzekera mbewu kumayambira pomwe. Pambuyo pake Kusankhidwa bwino ndi kukonzedwa mbewu - chitsimikizo cha kukolola bwino.

Mbewu ya phwetekere ingagulidwe:

• m'mayamayi;
• mu sitolo yapadera;
• pamsika;
• mu sitolo ya intaneti.

Mitengo ya kubzala imatha kuchoka pa 10-15 ruble kufika 100-150 rubles phukusi. Zimatengera zosiyanasiyana za tomato ndi ubwino wa kubzala.

Popeza tomato amatha kukula kuchokera kumbewu zawo, nkofunika kuti tiyandikire mosamala za mbeu yosonkhanitsa.

Momwe mungakololere mbewu:

1. Muyenera kusankha zipatso za bulauni.
2. Dulani ilo kuti lidzudzulidwe.
3. Mosamala finyani mbewu mu chidebe pamodzi ndi madzi.
4. Ikani malo otentha kwa masiku 2-3 kuti mupere.
5. Ngati chowombera chochepa ndi thovu zinkawoneka pamwamba, ndipo mbeuyo inamira pansi, chimbudzi chimatha.
6. Madziwo amatsuka bwino, ndipo mbewu zimatsukidwa pansi pa madzi.
7. Kenaka ayenela kuikidwa pa nsalu ya thonje muzitsulo zochepa ndi kuziyika pamalo otentha ndi owuma. Apa iwo amauma kwa masiku angapo.

Chenjerani! Zipatso zamtundu wambiri komanso F1 hybrids sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukolola mbewu.

Kukonzekera mbewu ndi mankhwala:

1. Disinfection. Kuti mbewu zisamve zowawa, mbewu zimatetezedwa mwachitsulo musanafese. Kuti achite izi, amafunika kuthandizira kuthetsa potassium permanganate (1 g ndalama za madzi) kwa mphindi 15-20.
2. Lembani mu njira yapadera. Pochita izi, konzekerani yankho: supuni 1 nitrophoska, 1 tbsp. supuni ya nkhuni phulusa, 2 tsp ya sodium humate, 1. L fetereza "Idel". Mbewu imayikidwa muyeso kwa maola 12.
3. Pambuyo pake, mbewuzo zimayikidwa m'madzi ozizira kwa maola 24.
4. Tsopano mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa mofulumira m'nthaka.

Njira yina

Kukonzekera

Kawirikawiri kulima phwetekere mbande ntchito mini wowonjezera kutentha. Ikhoza kugulitsidwa ku sitolo kapena muzichita nokha. Kutengera chidebe chilichonse ndi kudula botolo lalikulu la pulasitiki kapena thumba la pulasitiki. Mmene mungamere ndi kusamalira mbande:

1. Kukonzekera kwa dothi. Kwa ichi, humus ndi peat zimasakanizidwa mu gawo lofanana la nthaka, mukhoza kuwonjezera mchenga wa mtsinje. Musanafese mbewu, nthaka imatetezedwa mwachitsulo, chifukwa chaichi imasungidwa mu ng'anjo yotentha kwa mphindi 30. Ndiye nthaka amakhetsedwa ndi pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate.
2. Kufesa mbande kawirikawiri kumapangidwa kumapeto kwa February - oyambirira March.
3. Pa kukula, mbande zimapereka chithunzi chabwino. Kuti achite izi, amaikidwa pawindo lakumwera ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, ayang'ane makamaka ndi nyali. Kukula mbande ziyenera kuyatsa maola 10 pa tsiku. Kutentha kwa usiku mu chipinda sayenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri mazana.
4. Yoyamba kuvala amapangidwa pambuyo kuonekera 2-3 woona masamba. Kuchita izi, supuni imodzi ya urea imadzipukutira mu 10 malita a madzi. Chakudya chachiwiri chikuchitika patatha sabata itatha. Kuti muchite izi, sungunulani supuni imodzi ya nitrophoska pa madzi okwanira. Kenaka, mbande zimadyetsedwa masiku khumi ndi awiri (12-14) musanadzalemo pansi. Kwa ichi, mungagwiritse ntchito "Agricol nambala 3" kapena "Effecton O".

Thirani pansi

Nthaka ya tomato iyenera kukhala chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwinokoma panthawi imodzimodziyo ziyenera kukhala zonenepa komanso zowonjezera. Musanadzalemo nthaka yakonzedwa pasadakhale. Kuti tichite izi, m'pofunika kutsanulira otentha yankho la mkuwa sulfate (20-30 g pa lita imodzi ya madzi). Kutentha kwa yankho ndi madigiri 80. Izi ndizoletsa maonekedwe a tizirombo.

Pambuyo pake, organic feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa 10 makilogalamu a humus pa 1 mita imodzi. m; 50-60 g wa superphosphate ndi chidebe cha ½ cha phulusa kumalo omwewo. Kenaka kukumba chiwembucho. Kawirikawiri kubzala mbande pansi zimapezeka pakati kapena kumapeto kwa May. Koma chinthu chachikulu ndicho kutentha kwa mpweya.

Kutentha kwakukulu ndi madigiri 22-23 - masana, + 15 - usiku. Ngati kutentha kwa usiku kuli pansi + 15, ndiye kuti uyenera kuyembekezera pamene mukufika. M'pofunikanso kuganizira kuti tomato ndi zomera zowonda ndipo ayenera kubzalidwa pamalo otseguka kumene kuli dzuwa ndi kutentha.

Momwe mungabzalitsire tomato:

1. Mukamabzala, kukula kwa chitsamba kuyenera kukhala osachepera 20-15 masentimita mu msinkhu.
2. Musanabzala, dzenje limakumba (kuya - 1 fosholo bayonet).
3. Kenaka tsanulirani pafupifupi 1.5 malita a madzi osungunuka kutentha.
4. Chomeracho chimayikidwa mu dzenje ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muzu usakhudze pansi.
5. Ndiye muzu wophimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi kupanikizidwa mwamphamvu.
6. Mwamsanga mutabzala, tomato ayenera kuthiridwa mochuluka.
7. Kufika kumapangidwa madzulo kapena nyengo yamvula.

Kubzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo pansi: momwe mungabzalidwe?

1. Choyamba, muyenera kukonzekera bwino zitsime. Iwo anakumbidwa pasadakhale ndipo anawonjezera pa chidutswa chirichonse cha peat ndi humus mu magawo ofanana. Pamwamba pa mabowo, mitsempha yapadera imayikidwa kuti iteteze mbande nyengo.
2. Tsopano mukhoza kuyamba kufesa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito determinant (undersized) oyambirira mitundu ya tomato. Bzalani mbewu molumikizana (pafupifupi pamtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake).

   Musanafese, chitsime chiyenera kutsanulidwa ndi mankhwala otentha a potaziyamu permanganate.

3. Pafupifupi mbewu zisanu zimayikidwa mu chitsime chilichonse. M'tsogolomu, pamene mbande zimakula, musasiye zidutswa ziwiri zokha. Zina zonse zimaikidwa kapena kutayidwa.
4. Pambuyo pofesa, botolo la pulasitiki ladula limayikidwa pa chitsime chilichonse kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Pambuyo pake, filimu yowonjezera ya polyethylene imakanikizidwa pa arcs yomwe imayikidwa ndipo imapanikizidwa mwamphamvu pansi.

Kulima ndi kusamalira

Zomwe amangidwa

Ngati kulima kumachitika mwanjira yopanda mbeu, ndiye kuti pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira ndibwino kuti musawasokoneze. Mbeu ikamakula ndipo masamba enieni akuwonekera, mbewu zimatsegulidwa molingana ndi nyengo. Nyengo yozizira imakhala yowala, koma ozizira kwa maola angapo mukhoza kuchotsa filimu ya pulasitiki, pamene banki yodulidwa, imene inaphimba dzenje, imakhalabe.

Ngati kukula kumapangidwa ndi mbande, ndiye Pakatha milungu iwiri yoyamba mutapita pansi, zomera siziyenera kusokonezeka. Poyamba, musamadyetse phwetekere. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi yeniyeni mizu ikhale mizu m'nthaka, komanso kuti chomeracho chikhazikike.

Kuthirira

Mankhwala a tomato amawathiriridwa nthawi zambiri, popeza mizu ndi zomera zokha zikukula mofulumira, kuwonjezereka tsinde ndi zobiriwira, ndipo potero zimadya madzi ndi zakudya m'nthaka. Mbewu zazing'ono zimathiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda okhazikika kuchokera madzi okwanira. Sikofunika kuthirira tomato kuchokera pipeni kapena chidebe, chifukwa kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa madzi kungawononge mizu yambiri.

Kupaka pamwamba

1. Pambuyo maonekedwe a 2-3 woona masamba ayenera kukhala woyamba kudya. Kuti muchite izi, sungunulani 1.5 g wa ammonium nitrate mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Mu chitsime chilichonse kutsanulira zopitirira 0,5 malita a yankho.
2. Yachiwiri kudya ikuchitika mu masabata 2-3. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nitrophoska (1 tbsp. Sakanizani madzi okwanira 1 litre). Osapitirira 0,5 malita a yankho amatsanulira mu chitsime.
3. Chakudya chachitatu chimachitika pokhapokha mapangidwe a ovary. Mullein kapena zitosi za mbalame ndizoyenera kudya.

   Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa peresenti ya 1 mullein kapena zinyalala pa magawo 10 a madzi. Thirani mu dzenje osaposa 250-300 magalamu, zomwe sizikuwotcha mizu.

Chenjerani! Pamaso pa umuna, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka.

Kulima ndi njira yabwino yosungira ndalama ndikukula masamba abwino. Sikovuta kuchita izi, muyenera kudziwa malamulo ndikuwatsatira mosamala. Chidziwitso ndi ntchito zidzachita chinyengo. Ndipo zotsatira zidzakhala zodabwitsa zokolola. Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chokhutira ndi kukula kwa zomera ndi manja awo.