Kuyenda kudutsa m'mapaki kapena madera a mzinda, nthawi zambiri mumakonda kukongola kwa mtengo waukulu womwe uli ndi makungwa osakanikirana ndi thunthu lalikulu. Izi zimakhala zabwino. Makungwa ake amakhalabe odekha mpaka ukalamba, ndipo chifukwa cha matenda ena amatha kusintha maonekedwe ake. Pa mbali zina za mtengo uwu, ife tikufotokoza pansipa.
Mbiri ya chiyambi
Elm yosalala, kapena wamba, ndi imodzi mwa oimira a elm genus. Mitundu yambiri ya mitengo yambiriyi ndi yakale kwambiri, yoposa 40 miliyoni. Kumtchire, mamembala onse amamera m'nkhalango zakuda, nthawi zina amapezeka mu spruce.
Kulimidwa kwa mbewuyi kunachitika posachedwapa, zaka mazana atatu zapitazo. Kuchokera pano mpaka pano, elm smooth anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mapepala a park.
Zikuganiziridwa kuti dzina lachilatini la banja la elm, lmus, limachokera ku mawu achi Celtic akuti "elm" - izi ndi zomwe anthu adazitcha mtengo uwu. Mawu a Chirasha akuti "elm" anawoneka, makamaka chifukwa chakuti nkhuni za zomera zimasinthasintha kwambiri (viscous). 
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Elm ikhoza kufika mamita 40 mu msinkhu. Korona wake ikuwoneka ngati mthunzi wautali, wozungulira pang'ono pa korona. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zakuda zomwe zimatsogoleredwa pamwamba. Thunthu la mtengo wa elm lingathe kufika mamita atatu m'kati mwake.
Onani zachilendo katundu wa mitundu yamitundu.
Imakhala ndi makungwa obiriwira a bulauni-bulauni, amathyola ndikupukuta mbale zochepa. Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, kuzungulira thunthu, kuphwima, mizu yonga bolodi nthawi zambiri imapanga. Iwo ndi ofunika kuti asunge thunthu lalikulu. Mphukira aang'ono - kuwala kofiira mtundu, ndi khungu kakang'ono, kamene kakhoza kukhala ndi chipika choyera.
Masambawo ndi ovunda kapena mazira ngati mapeto. Pansi pake ndi osasamala. M'kupita kwa nthawi, masambawa amafika masentimita 12, m'lifupi - pafupifupi masentimita 8. Iwo ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, ndi mbali ya kumtunda kowala pang'ono kuposa pamwamba. 
Chimamera mtengo wawung'ono, womwe umasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu. Nthawi ya maluwa imapezeka mu April-May, mpaka masamba asungunuke. Kusungunuka kwa maluwa kumapezeka ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mphepo. Chipatso chili ngati tsamba laling'ono lomwe mkati mwake muli mbewu.
Elm yosalala ikhoza kukhala ndi moyo zaka 200-250. Amasiyana ndi kukula, koma mpaka zaka 40-50 - kuchokera pano mpaka, kukula kumachepetsanso pang'onopang'ono. Mtengo umagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi mphepo zamphamvu. Kutentha kotentha sikungathe kukhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono chabe.
Mtengo wokhazikika wa matabwa ndi chinyezi chosagwira ntchito ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama popanga mipando, mfuti ndi zida zina. Chifukwa cha korona wake wamthunzi, elm ndi yoyenera kukonzekera zosangalatsa m'malo odyera.
Elm imakula m'mayiko a ku Ulaya (kupatula ku Iberian Peninsula ndi zilumba za Britain), ku Caucasus, ku Asia Minor, m'madera a Chelyabinsk ndi Sverdlovsk, ku Kazakhstan. Kumpoto, malo akukula akuyandikira kumbali ya dziko la Eurasian. Amakula makamaka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zowonongeka. 
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera ku mtengo wa elm ku Middle Ages anapanga madzi mapaipi.
Kuswana
Mu chilengedwe, mtengo umafalitsidwa ndi mbewu kapena mzuzi. Mbeu zosonkhanitsa zikhoza kusungidwa mu chidebe cha hermetic kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri. Zitsanzo zokhwima zokha ndizoyenera kubzala. Amabzalidwa masabata awiri mutatha kusasitsa.
Timalimbikitsanso kuti mudzidziwe bwino za mitengo yodabwitsa yokhala ndi mitengo yokongola monga holly Norway, catalpa, maple ya Japan, mkuyu, mthunzi wofiira, royal delonix, arbutus, mtengo wa sitiroberi, mapulo wofiira, nyanga yamphongo, chikopa.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Popeza mtengo umakula bwino kuthengo, ndipo kumusamalira pa chiwembu sikungayambitse mavuto ambiri. 
Malo oti afike
Musanabzala mtengo, muyenera kukonzekera malo pa tsamba. Iyenera kukhala malo abwino, mthunzi wowala ndi woyenerera. MazuĊµa a dzuwa ayenera kuunikira mwaluso mtengo wachinyamata. Ngati mbali imodzi imalandira kuwala kochepa kuposa ina, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa korona sikudzakhala kofanana.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde, yosasamala, yosunga bwino chinyezi. Musanabzala zomera m'nthaka, khalani ndi mandimu ndipo mupindule ndi feteleza ndikutsata zinthu (magnesium, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorous). Dziwani kuti nthaka iyenera kukhala yochuluka.
Zingakuthandizeni kuti muwerenge momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity m'nthaka komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka pa tsamba.
Chomera chomera
Mbewu zipsa mu chilimwe. Afunika kusonkhanitsa nthawi yomweyo ndikukhala ndi nthawi yozembera patatha sabata. Kukonzekera kwa mbewu yoyamba sikufunika. Pazitsulo zomwe zimasankhidwa zimakhazikitsidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 20-30 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mu mizere ndi mbewu zimabzalidwa. Kuwawongolera pansi sikofunika. 
Zokwanira kuti dziko lapansi likhale laling'ono, kupanga mamita awiri millimita. Ngati chilimwe chiri mvula, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kudzaza ndi mbeu - mvula yambiri, imakhala yabwino kwa iwo. Mbeu zoumba zimafuna madzi okwanira kwa milungu ingapo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chilimwe chiri chowotha ndi chouma, ndiye kuti bedi liyenera kujambula ndi kanema musanamere.
Ngati mupita kukala elm kuchokera kudula kapena kumera, ndiye kuti mukhoza kukonzekera kubzala kumapeto kwa kasupe. Dulani phesiyo imathandizidwa ndi ozika mizu ndi kumizidwa m'madzi. Pamene mizu yoyamba idawonekera, mukhoza kukafika.
Kuti muchite izi, chemba dzenje lakuya masentimita 50, mozani bwino nthaka ndikupindulitsa ndi mchere. Sapling imagwera m'dzenje ndipo ili ndi phulusa ndi dziko lapansi. Malo omwe kudula amabzalidwa ayenera kukhala penumbra poyera, chifukwa dzuwa lamphamvu limawotcha mtengo wofooka. Elm anazulidwa mofulumira. Chinthu chachikulu - sabata yoyamba la madzi ake ambiri.
Kuthirira
Pakubwera nyengo yokula komanso musanadulire, mtengo umathirira nthawi zonse. Ndiye kutsirira ndi kochepa. Zidzakhala zokwanira kuti asunge chinyezi. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ndi kosavuta kwambiri.
Feteleza
Mtengo wachinyamata umafuna feteleza wambiri ndi feteleza. Njirayi ikuchitika kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Poonjezera kuti nthaka ikhale ndi chonde, m'pofunikira kufalitsa mchenga, ming'alu, kompositi. Chilichonse chiyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi.
Mukudziwa? Mu Roma wakale, amakhulupirira kuti mizimu yothandizira imakhala m'mabokosi olemera.
Osasokoneza ndi nthaka mulching. Dziko lozungulira elm liri ndi masamba osweka, namsongole, kompositi. Iwo adzakhala ngati magwero a zakudya kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe akukhala padziko lapansi. 
Kudulira
Kuti asayese korona, ayenera kukhala thinned. Chitani izo kuyambira Januari mpaka April. Kudula mitengo yochizira kumapangidwa m'chilimwe. Kuthandiza kupereka korona zofunika mawonekedwe akhoza waya. Anakuta nthambi yowonjezera ndikupita kwa chaka. Amachepetsa kukula kwa tsinde ndipo amathandiza kuwatsogolera.
Kuti muchepetse bwino, muyenera:
- kudulira mphukira ali wamng'ono;
- yesetsani kusunga kutalika kwa nthambi nthawi zonse;
- Nthawi zambiri amadula nthambi popanda masamba, kuti asatengere mphamvu pamtengo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Elm yosalala - wodzichepetsa komanso wotsutsa matenda ambiri mtengo. Mdani wake yekha yemwe sitingathe kupirira ndi matenda a Dutch. Zimayambitsidwa ndi bowa lomwe limatengedwa ndi makungwa a makungwa. Kufikira pa chomera, bowa limateteza kufalikira kwachitsulo pamtengo ndi nthambi. 
Zotsatira zake, masamba amayamba kupota, kukula kwa mbeu kumachepetsanso. Dysplasia imawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe osakayika ndi kutayika kwa masamba. Patapita kanthawi, mtengowo umamwalira.
Botanists sakhala okhudzidwa ndi matendawa m'mayiko amodzi, chifukwa chiwerengero cha elm mitengo chikuchepa chifukwa cha izo, ndipo palibe njira zothetsera matenda. Ngati mtengo wodwala umapezeka, umayenera kuwonongedwa pomwepo pamodzi ndi tizirombo zomwe zimanyamula bowa.
Ndikofunikira! Monga njira yothandizira, muyenera kuyendera kawirikawiri kupezeka kwa tizilombo toononga, ndipo mukhoza kuyiranso maantibayotiki muzu wa thunthu.
Kuukira kwinanso - chikopa. Ichi ndi tizilombo tating'ono, tofanana ndi kachilombo kakang'ono. Kuziwona pamtengo ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa poyamba pakuwoneka kuti thunthu ili ndi kukula. Kuti mudziwe kuti chomeracho chiri ndi kachilomboka, n'zotheka ndi masamba - ndizoyera ndi mawanga oyera kapena achikasu. Mtengo waukulu uyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuwotchedwa mwamsanga. 
Ntchito zamankhwala
Maluwa, maluwa ndi makungwa a elm ali ndi: polysaccharides, fiber, mapuloteni, mafuta, makatekini, flavonoids, ma carboxylic acid, tannins. Choncho, chomeracho chimakhala ndi antibacterial, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic ndi enveloping effect.
Diuretic, safflower, celandine, iglitsa, katsitsumzukwa, jujube, hops, lavender, cornflower, plectranthus, motherwort, chokeberry wakuda amakhalanso ndi mpweya woipa.
Chifukwa cha katundu wotere, zigawo zikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kuti:
- anti-yotupa njira mu chikhodzodzo;
- kuthetsa kutupa;
- misampha yoonongeka;
- kumenyana ndi matenda a khungu;
- kuthetsa matenda osokoneza bongo;
- kuchotsa colic;
- machiritso mwamsanga.
Video: zochititsa chidwi za mtengo wa elm
Monga mukuonera, elm ndi chomera chodzichepetsa kwambiri, koma zimatenga zaka zambiri musanayambe kukukondweretsani ndi korona yake yokongola. Kuti mukwaniritse izi mwamsanga, muyenera kutsatira mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko zoyenera kubzala ndi kusamalira, komanso kuteteza mtengowo kuchokera ku tizirombo.
