Nthawi komanso bwanji kudula gooseberries mu yophukira

Kudulira mabulosi sikutanthauza kuti alimi angwiro, koma njira yofunikira yomwe mbewuyo imakhala ikuyendera. Kwa kukoma ndi kukula, zipatso zimasowa kuwala kochuluka momwe zingathere. Mu mabulosi osanyalanyazidwa, zomera zimamera korona zokongola zokha, pa nthambi zomwe nthawi zina padzakhala zipatso zazing'ono ndi zopanda pake. Momwe mungabweretsere tchire, kodi n'zotheka kusinthasintha pakati pa autumn ndi kasupe kudulira ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa - mayankho a mafunsowa angapezekanso m'nkhaniyi.

Zamkatimu:

• Nthawi yoti uyambe
• Chimene tikusowa kuti tigwire ntchito
• Kodi mphukira ziyenera kudulidwa bwanji?
• Kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka
• Kudulira chitsamba kukonzanso
• Zimene muyenera kuchita mukakonza
• Zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza
• Video: Jamu likudulira m'dzinja
• Mapulogalamu ogwiritsa ntchito malonda pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira jamu

Kodi ndikofunikira kudula gooseberries mu autumn

Kufunika kokhala ndi tsitsi lokhazikika la gooseberries chifukwa cha chikondi chake chowunikira komanso chodziŵika bwino. Popanda zikhalidwe zoyenera, chikhalidwe chikhoza kuopseza kutenga matenda opatsirana komanso kukhala odwala tizilombo towononga.

Ndikofunikira! Jamu ndiwopseza kwambiri mphepo yakumpoto, yovuta nyengo, madzi oyandikana nawo pansi ndi mthunzi. Zikatero, mbewuyo idzafa.

Zomwe anakumana nazo wamaluwa amalangiza zoyamba kudulira za chitsamba asanadzalemo, ndipo pambuyo pa rooting, apange korona pachaka ndikuyeretsa kuyambira kale komanso odwala. Ndikofunika kuti zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pruner zikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi - kugwa. Zimaletsedwa kudula nthambi mu chaka chimodzi mu Oktoba, ndi zina-mu March. Zochita zoterezi zimakhumudwitsa kwambiri zomera, ndipo mwina zikhoza kupha m'nyengo yozizira.

Ambiri amtundu sakudziwa bwino cholinga chachikulu chodulira. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha zolakwika, tchire amataya nthambi zawo zachonde, ndipo mbewuyo ikadali yaing'ono komanso yopanda pake. Kotero, musanayambe kutenga pruner, muyenera kumvetsa mfundo zazikuluzikulu za tsitsi.

Onani mitundu yambiri ya jamu: "Commander", "Malachite", "Grushenka", "Consul", "Honey", "Kolobok", "Krasnoslavyansky".

Ena mwa iwo akukonzekera kupanga korona, pamene ena akukonzekera kuyeretsa. Pachiyambi choyamba, tiyenera kuika patsogolo magulu opikisana ndi zigawo zowonjezera kwambiri, ndipo chachiwiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo ta nthambi.

Ndikofunikira! Cholinga chachikulu cha kudulira gooseberries ndiko kupanga korona wokongoletsa kukonzanso chitsamba. Musalole kuti nthambi zofooka zikhale pansi ndikuzika mizu - zidzakhala zoyamba kufa ndi chisanu.

Ngati ndondomeko yonse yomwe ili pamwambayi ikuchitika panthawi yake komanso motsatira malamulo a zaulimi, ndiye kuti mabulosi amatha kukuthokozani chifukwa cha fruiting yodalirika komanso yopatsa. Inde, ndi ubwino wa zokolola, mudzadabwa kwambiri.

Nthawi yoti uyambe

Jamulo limakhala lovutikira kwambiri kutentha, choncho, pakuyamba kwa kasupe, imasinthira mbeu zonse za mabulosi zitatha. Mu March ndi April kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yodula kwambiri. Panthawi yomwe timakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamaluwa, masamba amayamba kutsegulidwa pa tchire. Ngati mutayala tsitsi panthawi yokula, mbewuyo idzadwala kwambiri ndipo ikhoza kufa. N'chifukwa chake akatswiri amapanga korona ndi kuyeretsa chiyero pa kugwa.

Nthaŵi yabwino kwambiri iyi ndi zaka khumi zachiwiri za November, pamene masambawo athandizidwa. Koma awa ndi masiku okha owonetsera. Pokonzekera kudulira, mlimi aliyense ayenera kulingalira za nyengo zomwe zimakhalapo m'dera lake, nyengo, nyengo ya kutentha.

Momwemonso, kudulira kumatheka pamene zomera zimachepetsa kuyenda kwa madzi. Ndikofunikira kutenga mwezi osanayambe nyengo isanayambe. Pambuyo pake, tchire amafunika nthawi yochiza mabala ndi kukonzekera kuzizira.

Ndikofunikira! Zimaletsedwa kuchotsa mphukira pa jamu m'nyengo ya chilimwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu nthawi ino chikhalidwe chiri pachimake cha nyengo yokula. Zipatso zatsopano sizikhala ndi nthawi kuti zikhale zolimba m'nyengo yozizira ndipo zidzafa pa chisanu choyamba chozizira.

Chimene tikusowa kuti tigwire ntchito

Odziŵa bwino wamaluwa nthawi zonse ali ndi zowonongeka bwino, koma oyambitsa izi ndi choyamba chopunthwitsa. Kuti mumvetse tsatanetsatane wa kukonzekera zofunikira kudulira mitengo, yang'anani pa mabini a akatswiri.

Choncho, tidzasowa:

• magolovesi otetezera ndi maziko a raba wandiweyani;
• Zovala zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja aatali (kotero kuti mitsempha musamawombere manja);
• munda pruner;
• Sewa yaying'ono (yamatabwa akale omwe ali ndi nthambi zakuda);
• mitsuko yamaluwa (makamaka ndi nthawi yayitali);
• chombo chachitsulo (kwa ma putty volumetric cuttings);
• pepala kapena choko (polemba malo odulidwa);
• galimoto (yosonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza nthambi zowonongeka);
• ngati n'koyenera, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mankhwala ophera zomera omwe amawonongeka ndi mabakiteriya, bowa kapena mavairasi).

Kodi mphukira ziyenera kudulidwa bwanji?

Kawirikawiri, obwera kumene akudula gooseberries amapanga zolakwika zomwezo: iwo amadula mwamphamvu zonse zomwe akuganiza kuti ndizosafunika. Chotsatira chake, chitsamba choterocho chimapweteka kwambiri ku mawonekedwe atsopano. Padakali pano, akatswiri amalangiza kuti asapitirire chomeracho. Pambuyo kudula, ziyenera kukhala 30 peresenti ya chilengedwe choyambirira. Apo ayi, ikhoza kufa.

Mukudziwa? Mphepete zakutchire za gooseberries kuyambira kale zinkazungulira gawo la Ulaya zamakono. Chomera chodalirika ndi chosazindikirika chinazindikiridwa koyamba ndi a French, omwe pachiyambi cha zaka za zana la 13 anayesa kulima. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chipatso chowawa-chokoma cha chikhalidwe ichi chinakopa a British. Panthawi imeneyo, wamaluwa anali atavumbulutsa zinsinsi zazikulu za kupeza zipatso zazikulu ndi zokoma. Anthu onse a ku Ulaya anaphunzira za gooseberries m'zaka za zana la XVII..

Pofuna kudulira kuti mupindule mabulosi anu, ganizirani malamulo omwe amavomereza kuti apange ndi kuyeretsa korona. Kuti achotsedwe:

• nthambi zimatsogoleredwa ku chitsamba;
• mpikisano wothamanga (zomwe amakonda nthawi zonse zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri);
• mphukira youma ndi yakuda pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira;
• nthambi zowonda kwambiri kapena zotsamira ndi mizu;
• Zakale zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka.

Yang'anirani momwe mungayankhire bwino gooseberries.

Kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka

Pofuna kupanga, nthawi ya chitsamba ndi yofunika kwambiri. Zitha kukhazikitsidwa ndi khungwa: m'mayesero aang'ono ndi ofewetsa komanso obiriwira, ndipo muzitsanzo zakale zimakhala zovuta, zakuda ndi zakuda.

Kudulira koyamba kuyenera kuchitika musanayambe kasupe rooting wa mmera. Kuti izi zitheke, chotsani nsonga pa mphukira zonse kotero kuti osapitirira 4 masamba amasiyidwa muzu. Miyeso yodalirika imeneyi idzakhala maziko a kukhazikika kolondola kwa nthambi zopatsa. Mu kugwa, palibe chosowa chotere. Panthawi iyi, ntchito yaikulu ya wolima minda ndi kuchotsa nthambi zakufa. Amachotsedwa kumalo kumene mphukira zatsopano zimakula.

Mukudziwa? M'zaka za zana la XI, jamu anali mbali yofunika kwambiri ya minda yonse ya ku Ulaya. Poyamba, zipatso zake zobiriwira zinkalemekezedwa monga supu seasonings, ndipo zakupsa ndi zokoma - monga mchere. Patapita nthawi, zipatsozo zinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Chotsani nsonga pa mphukira yonse ya jamu

Olima wamaluwa osadziŵa bwino ayenera kukhala okonzekera kuti kwa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira mabulosi sangapereke zokolola. Ziribe kanthu, ndikofunikira kupereka jamu ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Chimake cha fruiting chake chidzagwa pa zaka 5-10th za moyo, pambuyo pake kuchepa kudzayambiranso. Choncho, ndikofunika kupereka mpata wokhazikika kuti pakhale mawonekedwe abwino a chitsamba chabwino. Izi zachitika motere:

• m'chaka choyamba cha moyo, m'dzinja, mphukira zofooka ndi zowonongeka zimadulidwa kuchokera ku sapling; amphamvu ndi amphamvu amachotsa pamwamba pamtunda wa masamba a 2-3;
• M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa kuthengo, mitengo itatu kapena 4 yokha imasankhidwa, yomwe korona idzapangidwe (pamwamba pake iyeneranso kufupikitsidwa ndi gawo lachitatu), china chilichonse chichotsedwa pansi;
• Pa zaka za 3 ndi 4 za mbewu zamasamba ndizofunika kufufuza kupezeka kwa mphukira zazikulu, zomwe siziyenera kukhala zoposa zinayi, zero (zomwe zimatchulidwa pansi pamtunda) zimadulidwa pamunsi, nthambi;
• m'chaka chachisanu cha moyo, jamu lakhala litapangidwa kale ndipo silikusowa kukonzekera tsitsi, panthawi imeneyi ya chitukuko komanso m'tsogolomu kuti kuyeretsa kwaukhondo ndi kulamulira chiwerengero cha mphukira n'kofunika.

Kudulira jamu 1-3 zaka mutabzala

Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti, maluwa okwera zaka zisanu ndi zitatu azitha kukhala ndi mphukira zazikulu zoposa 4-8 (ndalama zimadalira zosiyanasiyana) ndi nthambi 25 za mibadwo yosiyana..

Zowonongeka zonse zomwe zatsatiridwa ndikukonzekera kutsuka zomera kuchokera kusabala. Monga lamulo, izi ndi zitsanzo zomwe ziri zaka zoposa 7-8. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupotuka kwawo ndi makungwa amdima.

Kudulira chitsamba kukonzanso

Kuwombera kofuula kumasonyezedwa ku tchire zomwe zakhala zikudutsa pachimake cha fruiting yawo. Izi ndi zomera zomwe zili ndi zaka zoposa 10. Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amanena kuti jamu angapangidwe kuti apereke zokolola zabwino polimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano. Choncho, nthambi zonse zomwe kamera kamakula kamene zimachotsedwa. Koma kudulira sikuyenera kuwononga chitsamba. Kusintha kwa mphukira zazing'ono kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Musathamangitse kuchotsa kukula kwa nthambi zobala zipatso. Komanso onetsetsani kuti pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, pafupifupi 50% ya korona yake imakhalabe kuthengo.

Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amalimbikitsidwa kudzidziwitsa okha ndi zochitika za kubzala ndi kusamalira gooseberries m'munda.

Kale gooseberries nthawi zonse amadziwika ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zero mphukira ndi kuchepa pang'ono m'maganizo nthambi. Ndibwino kuti nyengoyi ichotse pafupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ziphuphu zosafunikira.

Chonde dziwani kuti kuyesetsa konse kudzangowonjezera pang'ono zokolola za zitsanzo zoterezi. Choncho, yesani phindu lonse ndikupanda chisankho choyenera ndikudzala mmera watsopano. Pambuyo pake, kusiyana pakati pa mbewu za mabulosi a mabulosi ndi zotsitsimutsanso zidzamvekanso mu kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la zipatso.

Mukudziwa? Mpaka lero, akatswiri a zilankhulo sangathe kumasula maina osiyanasiyana a jamu zipatso. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chingerezi zimamveka ngati "jamu" (phazi lakumtunda), m'Chijeremani - "stachelbeere" (Khristu akutembenuka), ku Belarusian - agrest, omwe ali ofanana ndi "masango osapsa" omwe amachokera ku Italy. Ambiri amakhulupilira kuti chiyambi cha mayina osiyanasiyana a chomeracho sichikukhudzana ndi atsekwe, kapena ndi Khristu, kapena ndi zobiriwira. Ndipotu, izi ndizolemba zilankhulidwe zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mawu achi Dutch akuti "kruisbezie" amaonedwa kuti ndilo gawo loyambirira mu mndandanda wautali woterewu.

Kubzala mbewu yatsopano jamu

Zimene muyenera kuchita mukakonza

M'nyengo yophukira kudula, zitsamba za mabulosi zimataya zomera zambiri, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa iwo. Choncho, kuyesetsa kupanga ndi kuyeretsa zomera kumapitirizabe kusamalira.

Njira zovuta zowonongeka zikuphatikizapo:

1. Kuchiza mabala akuluakulu ndi phula la munda - monga njira yowonjezera mavitamini, mungathe kuvulaza mabala omwe muli ndi vuto lopangidwa ndi mpweya ndi urea (okonzedwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 7).
2. Kuwaza zomera ndi mchere - organic feteleza - kugula kusiyana ndi chizindikiro "autumn" ndi abwino. Zinthu zovuta zitha kusinthidwa ndi zokonza makilogalamu 15 a humus, 200 g wa superphosphate ndi 40 g wa potaziyamu.
3. Kuthira kwachitsamba kwa chitsamba - ntchito yaikulu ya ndondomekoyi ndi kukonzekera gooseberries kwa nyengo yozizira. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsanulira pafupifupi 2 zidebe zamadzi pansi pazu uliwonse. Ayeneranso kutetezedwa bwino komanso osakhala ozizira.
4. Kuwongolera kwa mabulosi mwakuya kwa kukhalapo kwa tizirombo kapena zizindikiro za matenda - ngati kuli kotheka, nthaka ku mitengo ikuluikulu iyenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicide (Infinito, Coronet, Teldor, Antrakol, Flint Star). Monga prophylactic, Bordeaux madzi zatsimikiziridwa bwino kwambiri. Sagwiritsa ntchito nthaka, koma chitsamba chonse.
5. Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira - mbande zazing'ono zimafuna chidwi chenicheni, koma m'madera otentha kwambiri, zomera zonse zimayenera kutenthedwa. Izi zimachitidwa ndi peat kapena pepala manyowa. Nkofunika kuti mulch iphimbe pafupi theka la mita ya chigawo chodula.

Ngati mukufuna kuteteza chomera ku zovuta zachilengedwe, fufuzani chifukwa chake mukufunikira nthaka mulching, makamaka phwando la agrotechnical phwando.

Zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza

Kotero kuti kudulira kwa mabulosi kunapindula, ndipo msungwana wamng'onoyo angayambe kututa mphoto za ntchito yake yosangalala, ife tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire kuchokera ku zolakwa za ena. Nazi mndandanda wa zolakwika zambiri:

1. Kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa mawu odulidwa. Tikuyankhula za kudula chilimwe cha nthambi, komanso za kulephera kwa nthawi.
2. Kuchotsa mwachangu nthambi. Kawirikawiri zimachitika ngati woyang'anira munda, osamvetsetsa zowonongeka, amayesera kuyeretsa chitsamba mochuluka momwe angathere pa chilichonse chimene akuganiza kuti n'chosafunika. Chotsatira chake, nthambi zomwe zingathe kugwa zingagwe pansi pa mitsempha, ndipo otsala omwe akusowa adzafa mu chisanu choyamba.
3. Kutulutsidwa kwambiri kwa mphukira. Imeneyi ndi kulakwa kwakukulu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimatha ndi chiwonongeko cha chitsamba.
4. Kudula mitengo ya chaka chimodzi pa zipatso zobala zipatso. Ndi kudulira kotere, korona wa chomera sungapitirize kukula.
5. Kuchotseratu kwathunthu kwa mbali zam'mlengalenga za chitsamba panthawi ya kukonzanso.

Kuonjezera zokolola za gooseberries pa chiwembu chanu, werengani zomwe gooseberries amadwala ndi momwe angachiritse.

Ndizo zonse zinsinsi. Kumbukirani malamulo akuluakulu okhwima - ndipo mabulosi adzakondweretsa iwe kwa nthawi yaitali ndi zipatso zokoma komanso zokoma.

Ndikofunikira! Mukamapanga chitsamba, kulima kumakhala kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya jamu imatha kukula kukula kwa korona mu zaka 2-3, pamene ena amatenga kawiri nthawi yaitali. Choncho, muyenera kusamala ndi kudulira mizu. Choyamba, chotsani ofooka ndi omwe amapanga mthunzi mkati mwa chitsamba.

Video: Jamu likudulira m'dzinja

Mapulogalamu ogwiritsa ntchito malonda pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira jamu