Kodi n'zotheka kuteteza tomato ku matenda ndi momwe angachitire mbewu zawo asanabzalidwe?

Ambiri amafesa mbewu za tomato, asanayambe kuzikonza, popeza amadalira zolembera pa phukusi, zomwe zimanena kuti kusanayambe sikukufunika ndipo mbewu zatha. Uku ndi kulakwitsa kwakukulu.

Popanda processing anagula mbewu ku matenda, makamaka phytophtoras, n'zotheka osati kutaya tomato mbewu zokha, komanso kubweretsa bowa zosalephereka m'munda wa masamba, kumene zingathe kuwononga mbewu zambiri - mbatata, zitsamba zamaluwa, ndi zamasamba. Nkhaniyi imalongosola momwe mungayankhire mankhwala ndi kuthira nthaka musanafese.

Kuvulaza ku phytophthora

Pofesa mbewu za tomato omwe ali ndi vutoli, mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kutseguka pansi, spores wa matendawa amatha kulowa m'nthaka, kumene angathe "kufalikira" ndi mvula kapena mphepo pa tsamba lonselo. Ndikovuta kwambiri kuchotsa matendawa, chifukwa spores za bowa zimatengedwa ndi mpweya ndi madzi, zimakhala zosavuta kupirira nyengo za chisanu ndikukhala panthaka mozama masentimita 15.

Powalowa muzomera, bowa amatha kubala zipatso (strawberries, currants, tomato osiyana siyana), kenaka pitani masamba - kuwaphimba ndi filimu yofiirira. Atagwidwa ndi nthendayi, mtundu wobiriwira wa zomera umadetsedwa, umapotoka, umadetsedwa ndipo potsiriza umagwa.

Tsinde, lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi bowa, limadzazidwa ndi madontho onyansa ndi zotsatira za bulasi zoyera kapena zofiirira, zimakhala zochepa komanso zimafa. Ngati simukulimbana ndi vutoli, likhoza kuwononga mbeu yonse ya tomato ndi mbatata m'deralo, ndi kwa zaka zambiri.

Kodi n'zotheka kuteteza tomato ku matenda?

Kukula tomato mwamphamvu ndikupereka zokolola zabwino - chithandizo cha matenda chiyenera kuchitika pazigawo zonse za kukula, kuchokera ku dothi kumalo oyenera. Ngati mutasiya siteji imodzi - yakuda kapena imvi zowola, blight kapena fusarium ikhoza kugunda tomato ndipo sipadzakhala kukolola. Pofuna kupewa fungus kuti muwononge tomato, muyenera:

1. Gwiritsani bwino mbewuzo musanadzalemo;
2. kuthira nyemba ndikuyeretsa nthaka - mutatha kukolola ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo musanadzalemo;
3. Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa matenda - makamaka mosamala, ngati zizindikiro za matendawa ndi tomato chaka chatha.

Ndikofunikira! Mu wowonjezera kutentha, mitundu yonse ya bowa imapulumuka bwino kwambiri, chifukwa momwe ziriri zoberekera zimakhala zabwino kwambiri - kutentha, kutentha komanso kusowa kwa dzuwa. Choncho, ngakhale ngakhale zizindikiro zazing'ono zikuwonekera, nkofunika kuti muzisamalira bwino nthaka ndi wowonjezera kutentha makoma kawiri - yoyamba mu yophukira, ndiye masika.

Komanso, pofuna kukana kwambiri tomato ku matenda, ayenera kudyetsedwa bwino, makamaka ndi njira zothandizira phulusa, zowonongeka ndi zokometsera.

Malangizo a chithandizo cha mbeu musanafese

Musanabzala, mbewu za tomato ziyenera kusankhidwa mosamala, kutsukidwa ndi madzi ndi kuthira mu njira yomwe ingathe kuwononga spores za bowa pazobzala.

Ndendende Kubzala mbewu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndizo zimayambitsa matenda a phwetekere m'tsogoloChoncho, awo oyenerera kupanga ndi chitsimikiziro chokolola chabwino.

Kodi mungayambitse bwanji mbeu ndi momwe mungachitire:

1. Saline yankho:
   • theka la supuni ya supuni ya mchere wamchere;
   • galasi lakuzizira, madzi asanakhazikitsidwe.

   M'madzi kutentha kutaya mchere, ukuyambitsa bwino. Tsanulirani mosamala mbeuyi kwa mphindi 15-20, chotsani choyika - sizingatheke.

2. Soda yankho:
   • soda kumapeto kwa mpeni;
   • galasi la madzi.

   Soda imapanga malo ofooka a alkali omwe spores a bowa amtundu uliwonse amamwalira nthawi yomweyo. Mbewu yothetsera vutoli amathiridwa maminiti 15, kenako amatsukidwa ndi madzi ndikufesedwa.

3. Manganese yankho:
   • potaziyamu permanganate;
   • 200 ml madzi.

   Madzi ayenera kupeza chimbudzi chofewa. Pambuyo mutadula mbewu mumadzimadziwa, amatsukidwa, kenaka amaikidwa mu nsalu yonyowa kapena gauze.

Kodi ndi motani momwe angayankhire mankhwala panthaka pamtunda?

Ngati zaka zapitazo, tomato kapena mbatata sizinapweteke matenda a fungalomu - pofuna kupewa, ndikwanira kufesa nthaka mu mawonekedwe a sintse nkhuni phulusa. Phulusa silidzazaza nthaka ndi mchere wofunika kwambiri (potaziyamu, chitsulo, calcium), komanso kumapanga malo ofooka amchere m'nthaka. Makamaka phulusa lothandiza la dothi lolemera lamtambo:

• loyamy;
• chonchi;
• wopanda.

1. Phulusa lodzala tomato imalipidwa pa mlingo wa lita imodzi mtsuko wa feteleza pa mita imodzi ya dothi.
2. Phulusa limanyowa musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo limasakanikirana bwino ndi nthaka, kenako nthaka imathirira madzi.

Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ngati chaka chatha tomato kapena zomera zikukula pafupi (mbatata, strawberries, currants) anali akudwala ndi vuto. Pano simungathe kuchita ndi njira zapakhomo, mukufunikira zida zolemetsa:

1. Musanabzala tomato m'chaka, nthaka iyenera kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala 3% a mkuwa wa sulfate. Ndipo kuthira nthaka mochulukirapo, kukumba izo mozama 25 -30 masentimita.
2. Masiku angapo mutatha kuchipatala koyamba kuti mupeze kachiwiri. Sungunulani mankhwala a fungus "Fitosporin" m'madzi (supuni 1-2 ya mankhwala owuma pa chidebe cha madzi khumi), kutsanulira nthaka muzolemba, kenako kumasula pamwamba pamwamba. Kuthetsa mankhwalawa ndi khumi malita pamtunda wa mita imodzi. Kenaka mungathe kubzala tomato.

Processing greenhouses mu kasupe

Mu njira yotentha yotentha ndi yofanana ndi kumunda. Pomwe kulibe matenda mu tomato chaka chatha m'nthaka kupanga phulusa. Ngati tomato yakhala ndi vuto lochedwa kapena matenda ena oyipa m'chaka chapitacho - masitepe angapo ayenera kutengedwa:

1. Sambani bwinobwino makoma a wowonjezera kutentha ndi soda (3 supuni ya soda pa madzi okwanira 10 malita), kumvetsera mosamala malo omwe makomawo amagwira pansi.
2. Pangani malo "Fitosporin" mofanana ndi malo otseguka.
3. Ngati chaka chatha matendawa adayambitsa gawo lalikulu la mbeu, ndi bwino kuchotsa pamwamba pa nthaka ndikuiika ndi zatsopano, monga momwe kutentha kutentha kumakhalira, bowa limachulukira m'nthaka mwakhama, ndipo ngakhale zomwe zatengedwa kuti ziwonongeke zingakhale zosakwanira.

Choncho, Matenda a fungal tomato ndi owopsa kwambiri. Ngati phytophthora kapena imvi zowola zimalowa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena munda, zidzakhala zovuta kuti zichotse. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, ndikofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanabzalidwe, zidzakhala zothandiza kwambiri kuti tipeze nthaka nthawi zonse masika.