Njira yaikulu yokonzekera mbewu za tomato musanadzalemo. Kodi ndikufunika kuti ndiwime, momwe ndingabzalidwe pansi?

Ambiri amaluwa amakhulupirira kuti mbewu zabwino ndizofunika kuti mukolole bwino. Koma chinthu chofunikira ndikukonzekera bwino asanadzalemo.

Gawo lirilonse lokonzekera lidzapanga mbewu kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yamphamvu. Chotsatira, tidzakambirana za njira zothandizira mbewu: ndi chiyani drazhirovanie, kuphulika, kumangiriza.

Kodi mungadzutse bwanji mbewu ya phwetekere, kaya muzimera. Komanso momwe mungakonzekera kubzala mbewu za sitolo ndi zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mosiyana.

Kufunika kokonzekera

Kufunika kwa kukonzekera mbewu kwa mbande ndikuti m'tsogolomu muli ndi mavuto ochepa. Gawo lililonse lokonzekera limamuthandiza kukhala:

• cholimba;
• wathanzi;
• olimba.

Zakale, zimagulidwa kapena zogulidwa kumalo osayenerera mbewu zimayenera kukonzekera.

Njira zosiyana zokonzekera

Njira zosiyana zogwiritsira ntchito mbatata zimayambitsa njira zosiyanasiyana mwa iwo, mwachitsanzo, zimadzutsa mapiritsi a mbewu, kuonjezera kuperewera kwa chipolopolo, ndi zina zotero. Palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana panthawi yomweyo, kumera kungadwale.

Kukana

Musanadzalemo, mbewu ziyenera kufufuzidwa. Njira iyi imatchedwa kukanidwa kapena kuwerengedwa. Amakhala osiyana kwambiri ndi kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake kuti awakhudze, ndi owopsa. Mwamanja muyenera kuchotsa:

• zouma;
• chopanda kanthu
• pang'ono;
• wosweka.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwake muyenera kukonzekera saline:

1. Mu 200 g madzi ofunda pang'ono amasungunula 1 tsp. mchere.
2. Amathira mbewu, kusakaniza ndikupita kwa mphindi 20.

Amene amabwera, amuponyera kutali, ndipo iwo amene amamira amadziwika kuti ndi abwino. Kuti azitenga.

Maceration

Kodi ndikufunika kuti ndizitsike? Izi sizikutengedwa kuti ndizovomerezeka. Sitikusowa kukwera mwapamwamba kwambiri, mtundu wosakanizidwa, woitanitsa ndi wochitidwa kale mbewu. Ndi kuthira koyenera kwa mbewu zina:

• zokolola zimakula ndi 30%;
• kuchepetsa matenda a phwetekere;
• kumera mofanana.

Mbewu imatsanulidwa ndi madzi ang'onoang'ono, ngati pali zambiri, iwo adzavunda. Azisiye masiku awiri.

Kodi mungatani?

Kutenthedwa kumayenera kuchitidwa kusonkhanitsa mbeu za phwetekere. Zimathandizira kuwuka kwa mbeu, njira zamagetsi zimayamba kuchitika mwa iwo. Kuwonjezeka kwafupipafupi kwa kutentha kumawonjezeka kumera, kumachepetsa kumera.

Mbewu ikhoza kutenthedwa dzuwa, makamaka mbewu zomwe zimasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira. Ndikofunika kutentha mbewu kwa sabata, osayiwala kusakaniza nthawi zonse.

Mu njira ina, mbewu zimayikidwa mu thumba la gauze ndikupangirani miyezi iwiri pafupi ndi chimbudzi. Kutentha mu chipinda sayenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 20.

Kutentha thupi sikuchitika pamene kukula tomato kum'mwera zigawo ndi mbewu za hybrids.

Kuwombera kapena kusuta

Kuti patapita nthawi mbande zisadwale ndi matenda a fungalesi, akatswiri amalangiza mankhwalawa m'mawu ena ndi chotukuka. Zingatheke bwanji kumbewu za phwetekere? Njira yowonjezereka ndiyo kuyesa mbeu za phwetekere pothetsa potassium permanganate.

1. Mbewu imayikidwa mu gauze, yopangidwa m'magawo angapo, omwe amangiriridwa mu mawonekedwe a thumba.
2. Njira yothetsera yothetsera: 1 mg ya permanganate ya potaziyamu imathetsedwa mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda, omwe thumba ili kumizidwa kwa mphindi 15-20.
3. Ndiye mbewuzo zimatsukidwa ndi zouma.

Drazhirovanie

Pogwiritsa ntchito drageeing, mbewuzo zili ndi chigoba chokhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• chopatsa thanzi;
• chitetezo;
• kuyambitsa kukula.

Ndondomekoyi iyenera kuchitika musanafike kwa miyezi inayi kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kuwathira mu madzi a alo kumatengedwa ngati chinthu chotheka kwambiri. Kwa izi:

1. Dulani pepala 2-3 pansi, lomwe likulumikizidwa mu chophimba kapena nsalu youma.
2. Kenaka uwaike iwo masabata awiri mu furiji.
3. Pambuyo pake, finyani madzi kuchokera kwa iwo, onetsetsani ndi madzi owiritsa: 1 mpaka 1. Mu njirayi, mbeu iyenera kukhala pakati pa maola atatu ndi 6 mutatsala pang'ono kubzala.

Mukhoza kuwadyetsa ndi mafakitale okonzekera okhala ndi microelements. Njira zoterezi ndi Epin, Zircon. Amapanga mbande zosagonjetsedwa ndi majeremusi osiyanasiyana.

Kubzala zinthu, zomwe kale zili ndi chipolopolo, mwamsanga zimabzala m'nthaka. Iwo sangakhoze kukonzedwa, chifukwa mu nkhani iyi chirichonse chopindulitsa chidzatsukidwa.

Kuphulika

Pansi pa ndondomeko ya kubudula kumatanthauza kulandira mbeu ndi madzi ndi mpweya. Ichitidwa kuti:

• yonjezerani kumera;
• kuyendetsa njira zamagulu;
• yonjezerani kumera.

Njirayi ikhoza kuchitidwa ndi omwe ali ndi compressor ya aquarium. Kwa izi:

1. Chomera chimayikidwa mu thumba la gauze, lomwe laviikidwa mu galasi lita imodzi mtsuko wa madzi.
2. Pakuikidwa pope kuchokera ku compressor. Umu ndi mmene mbewu zimakhudzira mpweya. Kukhalitsa kumafunika kwa maola pafupifupi 18.
3. Ndiye zouma, ndipo nyemba zimakonzeka kubzala pansi.

Stratification

Stratification ndi njira yomwe mbeu, mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu ya kunja, imachoka pa siteji yambiri yopita patsogolo. Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kupeza mphukira yaubwenzi ndi tsiku lomaliza.

Kwa izi:

1. Mbeu za phwetekere zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga mchenga ndipo zimakhala kutentha kwa 0 ° C ... -3 ° C. Ndondomekozi ziyenera kukhala masiku 20-45.
2. Pamene maonekedwe ayamba kuuma, muyenera kuwonjezera madzi.
3. Pambuyo pa stratification, kuyanika kumachitidwa, ndipo isanamalize.

Kodi ndikufunika kuti ndikule?

Nthaŵi yoyenera kumera kwa mbeu ya phwetekere imadalira salifu moyo ndi nyengo, zomwe zimakhala, pa chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Mphukira chaka chatha m'masiku 4, ndipo kukolola zaka 3 zapitazo, zidzamera mu sabata. Ngati mbewu sizilowetsedwa, zimatenga masiku khumi kuti ziphuke. Silifi moyo wa mbatata ndi zaka zisanu.

Ndibwino kuti njira yowera imere ntchito pulotoni.

1. Aziwatseni m'madzi ofunda ndi kuziyika pa mbale.
2. Onetsetsani kuti mbeuzo zifalikira pamwamba, ndi dothi lonyowa. Kuti musasokoneze mitundu, muyenera kulemba dzina payekha.
3. Kenaka ponyani mbaleyo pamalo amdima komwe kutentha sikugwera m'munsimu + 20 ° C.
4. Mbeu itatha, imatenga masiku 2-3, ndipo imabzalidwa mu nthaka yonyowa.

Sikoyenera kulindira kuti mphukira ikhale yaitali. Mazira a kukula uku akutha msanga atabzalidwa. Zikudziwikanso kuti kuchokera ku mbewu zoterezi zimapezedwa khalidwe losayenera.

Kodi mungadzutse bwanji mbewu ya phwetekere?

Kodi tingachite chiyani kuti titsikitse mbewu ya phwetekere? Chofunika kuukitsa mbewu ndi chifukwa chakuti atayamba kutupa, amayamba kumera mofulumira. Kuti muchite izi, tengani mbale yopanda kanthu. Pakati pa 2 zigawo za thonje zafalikira mbewu. Vata amateteza madzi mosalekeza, kuteteza mbewu kuti ziwume.

M'madzi ofunda (22 ° С -25 ° С) sayenera kukhala oposa 12-18 maola, ayenera kusinthidwa pambuyo maola asanu. Iwo sayenera kusambira mmenemo. Kuti atenge oksijeni, nthawi zina amalimbikitsidwa kuti achotsedwe m'madzi.

Ngati malangizowo sakutsatiridwa, mbewuyo idzakhala yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pa kutupa iwo amabzalidwa mu nthaka yokonzedwa.

Kodi mungatsutse dzikolo?

Mitengo ya tomato imayenera kutentha pansi. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 14 ° C. Chinthu choyamba chimene amabweretsa zitsime ndi feteleza omwe ali ndi madzi omwe amathandiza:

• tchire;
• kupeza zokolola zochuluka;
• zipatso zimakhala zoperewera.

Maola 24 musanadzalemo, nthaka ikulimbikitsidwa kukhetsa njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate. Anakumana wamaluwa akulangizidwa kuwonjezera 200 ml ya yisiti osakaniza aliyense bwino. Iyenera kukhala yokonzekera pasanafike tsiku: 10 magalamu a yisiti yatha mu 10 malita a madzi. Kukula kwa tomato kumakhudzidwa bwino ndi phulusa lopangidwa pansi pa mizu ya tchire ndi shishell.

Zimathandiza tomato ndi zakudya. Mbewu zitabzalidwa, nthaka iyenera kukhala yaying'ono, yokhala ndi kamtengo kakang'ono kampositi kapena nthaka yakuda. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti feteleza yochulukitsa idzapititsa ku imfa ya mizu.

Tomato amakula m'munda wawo ali ndi kukoma kokoma. Koma izi zikhoza kuchitika kokha mosamalira mosamala nthaka ndi zomera. Chinthu chokolola chokoma ndi chokwanira ndikumayambitsa feteleza oyenera ndi feteleza.