Malangizo oyenera kusamalira tomato mutabzala

Tomato ndi imodzi mwa masamba omwe mumawakonda kwambiri pafupifupi pafupifupi munda uliwonse. Kuphatikiza pa zoyenera, ayenera kukhala osamala. Zinsinsi zazikulu za chibwenzi ziyenera kudziwika kwa aliyense amene akufuna kupeza mbewu yochuluka komanso yosangalatsa, osagwidwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda.

Pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi, muphunziranso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino mbeu, chakudya, manyowa, nthiti, spud ndi kudula tomato, komanso kumasula ndi kudula nthaka ndikuziteteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji tomato?

Katundu wabwino wa tomato sungapezeke popanda nthawi komanso chisamaliro choyenera. Pali ntchito zina, zomwe zimagwira ntchito zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri nyengo yokula. Zomera zimabzala nthawi zonse:

• madzi;
• udzu;
• kumasula;
• kudyetsa;
• kuthandizira.

Kusamba mbewu

Kwa kuchepa ndi kupitirira chinyezi tomato zimachita chimodzimodzi, kotero ayenera kuthiriridwa ndiye nthaka ikauma. Musanayambe maluwa, kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika kamodzi pa sabata, zipatso zikayamba kuyamba nthawi 2-3. Ngati nkofunika kutentha kunja kunja tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lina lililonse. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite ntchitoyi m'mawa kapena madzulo, zomwe ziri bwino chifukwa nthaka idzakhala yonyowa kwambiri.

Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matenda m'madzi akulangizidwa kuwonjezera nkhuni phulusa. Ndipo pamene ovary akuwonekera, akhoza kutsanulira kuzungulira chitsamba. Izi zidzathandiza kusintha fruiting.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Pambuyo pa masiku 10-12 pambuyo pa tomato obzalidwa ayenera kudyetsa. Kusakaniza kwa organic ndi feteleza feteleza kumatengedwa ngati feteleza.:

• Gawo limodzi la manyowa;
• 8-9 mbali za madzi;
• 20 magalamu a superphosphate.

Chidebe chimodzi cha njirayi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa tchire 10 la tomato.

Kwa nyengo yonse yokula, tomato ayenera kudyetsa katatu patsiku. Ngati akukula pa nthaka yosauka, ayenera kukhala ndi umuna 1 nthawi masabata awiri ndi amchere ndi omwe akupanga phosphorus ndi potaziyamu. Amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito feteleza zovuta zomwe zilipo:

• zitsulo;
• chithunzi;
• magnesiamu;
• mkuwa.

Mungathe kupanga mapangidwe awa powasakaniza:

• 10 malita a madzi;
• 30-40 magalamu a potaziyamu chloride;
• 50-60 magalamu a superphosphate;
• 15 magalamu a ammonium nitrate.

Pamene kukhetsa inflorescences ndi mazira, tomato amafunika boron. Kupopera mankhwala ndi yankho la boric acid 1 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre amathandiza. Yankho lake pogwiritsa ntchito zitosi za mbalame zimakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha tchire.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kanema pa phwetekere yoyamba yodyetsa:

Masking

Ndibwino kuti muchite njirayi, mwinamwake chitsamba chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri, zipatso zimakhala zochepa kapena alibe nthawi yoti zipse. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti chomera chokhala ndi nthambi zambiri zamphamvu sikokwanira kwa mazira onse. Mphukira zopanda pake ziyenera kuchotsedwa zikafika kutalika kwa 3-5 cm.. Zikafika kale, zimakhala zopanda nzeru. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika kumayambiriro kwa August. Mukhoza kuthetsa mphukira zowonjezera masiku khumi ndi awiri.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kanema yokhudza kudula phwetekere:

Kupopera mbewu motsutsana ndi tizirombo

Tomato ayenera kuponyedwa palimodzi pazinthu zothandizira komanso pamene tizirombo timadziwika. Mphukira mbande makamaka asanadzalemo zilowerere mu tizilombo toyambitsa matendaMwachitsanzo, Aktar, izi ziwathandiza kuteteza:

• nsabwe za m'masamba;
• Mangolo achirombo;
• wireworm.

Musanafike nthawi ya fruiting, ndibwino kuti muzisamalira fungal matenda (Ridomil Gold, Quadris). Thandizo lothandiza kupopera mankhwala:

• adyo;
• mtengo;
• peyala anyezi.

Kuwala ndi kumasula

Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amalangiza pang'ono kuti atulutse nthaka atatha kuthirira, kutsika pafupifupi masentimita atatu. Chifukwa cha njirayi, mpweya udzaperekedwa ku mizu, ndipo chinyezi chidzasungidwa m'nthaka. Kutsegula kumachitika nthawi imodzi mu theka la mwezi, ndipo imayima ndi kukula kwa tchire ndi kuchepetsa mtunda pakati pa mizere. Ndizomveka ngati njirayi idzaphatikizidwa ndi kupalira. Ndizofunika kwambiri kulimbana namsongole, chifukwa tizirombo timakonda iwo, ndipo chifukwa cha iwo mthunzi umapangidwa.

Hilling ndi njira yowonjezera yakukula tomato.zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a mizu yatsopano, yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera kumunsi kwa tsinde, koma mu nthaka yonyowa. Ndikofunikira kutulutsa chitsamba kwa nyengoyi kangapo.

Nthawi yoyamba izi zatha pamene mutabzala mbande zidzakhala masiku 14-21, chachiwiri - m'miyezi ina iwiri. Ndikofunika kuti tilumikize mapiri ndi weeding ndi kumasula.

Kupanga tchire ndi kuswa masamba

Kusamalira tomato sayenera kuiwala za mapangidwe a chitsambazomwe zimaphatikizapo nthawi yowakaniza ndi kupindikiza pamwamba pa tsinde. Mapangidwe amapangidwa pa mitundu ya phwetekere, yomwe ili nthambi. Pali njira zingapo zopangira baka mu mapesi 1, 2 kapena 3. Posankha chisankho, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere ndi nyengo zimaganiziridwa. Kumadera akummwera pa chomeracho, mukhoza kusiya zimayambira, koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zipatso zomwe zimapanga mbalizo zimakhala zochepa.

1. Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, kuti mutenge nyemba zabwino kumunda, muyenera kupanga chitsamba mu tsinde 1, kusiya 2-3 maburashi pamenepo. Ndikofunika kuchotsa ana onse opeza, chinthu choyamba chomwe iwo omwe anakulira pansi pa mabasi.
2. Mukamapanga chitsamba mu 2 stems, mphukira yowonjezera imapangidwa, yomwe imapangidwa pafupi ndi burashi yoyamba. Ngati chisankhocho chinagwera pa njira yachitatu, ndiye alimi akulangizidwa kuti achoke pamphamvu kwambiri, yemwe ali pansi pa brush yachiwiri.
3. Ndondomeko yochotsera mphukira yowonjezera iyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, koma osati nyengo yotentha. Chomera pa nthawi imeneyi sichimalola kuvulala. Kuvula ana opeza ayenera kukhala mosamala, kuwatenga ndi chikhomo chanu ndi thumb. Palibe chifukwa chodzichekera nokha, koma kungoyenda mofulumira ndi kumathamangira kumbali kapena kudula ndi mpeni. Pakutha, ndibwino kuchoka 1-2 masentimita a ochotsedwawo kuti asakhudze mphukira yaikulu.
   Ndikofunikira! Dothi la phwetekere liyenera kumangirizidwa ku chingwe kapena chingwe chomangirizidwa pamzere, womwe ulipo 9-11 masentimita kuchokera mu tsinde la kumpoto.
4. Nthawi yoyamba amaika tomato pamtengo pokhapokha mbande zitabzalidwa ndi pafupi ndi tsamba loyamba, ndi 2 ndi 3 - pomwe manja awiri ndi atatu akupezeka. Madzu sangathe kuyanjana ndi nthaka, yomwe imateteza tomato ku matenda. Ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wabwino wa zipatso kumapangitsa kuti ayambe kukonda.
5. Zomwe amaluwa amalangizidwa kuti asankhe m'munsi masamba a tchire wa tomato. Koma okhawo omwe ali mu kuya ndi mbali yake ya kumpoto. Masamba, omwe ali pansi pa inflorescences, amachoka pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa tsinde lidzapitiriza kukula. Ntchito yoswa masamba iyenera kuchitika usanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso nyengo yofunda. Ndiye mabala pa chomera amachiza mofulumira, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitidzakhala ndi nthawi yolowera.

Dothi la mulching kuti mukolole bwino

Kusungunuka kwa dothi kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa:

• kuthirira;
• kumasula;
• udzu

Chimene chiri choyenera kwambiri kwa anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe. Kuwonjezera pa izi:

• nthaka imatetezedwa kuti isawume;
• kukula kwa udzu kumachepa;
• kuwonongeka kwa dziko lapansi kumabuka chifukwa pansi pa mtundu uwu wa zikopa zobvala za ubweya zimakhala bwino.

Mulch akhoza kukhala:

• sawdust;
• udzu;
• masamba owuma;
• peat;
• kompositi yovunda

Mthunzi wamakono umagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera lero.zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ndikofunikira kuphimba ndi wosanjikiza osati pamwamba pa 6-8 masentimita, kuwala kuyenera kudutsa pang'ono.

Tikukupatsani inu kuti muwone kanema yokhudzana ndi phwetekere:

Chithunzi

Mu chithunzicho mungathe kuona momwe tomato amasamalira mutabzala.

Zolakwitsa Zambiri ndi Zokuthandizani Kuteteza

1. Ngati tomato abzalidwa thickly, komanso pamaso pa mkulu chinyezi, mbewu akhoza kupeza phytophthora. Kupopera tomato ndi Phytosporin kwa masiku khumi kudzakuthandizani kuletsa chitukuko cha matendawa.

   Ndikofunikira! Ngati feteleza sanagwiritsidwe ntchito ndipo kutentha kukukwera mwamphamvu, zipatso za phwetekere zimasanduka zakuda, ndipo vutolo zimavunda. Ndikofunika kuchotsa masamba apansi ndi zipatso zowononga, ndi kupopera tchire lonse ndi njira yothetsera phulusa.

2. Pamene tomato kukhala wofooka, woonda, ndiye akusowa feteleza. Ngati zobiriwira zimakula mofulumira, ndipo chipatsocho chimakhala pang'onopang'ono, ndiye ndi feteleza, makamaka organic.

   Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti sikutheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oponderezedwa. Kuwonjezera pa zochitika zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa nitrates mu tomato, zomwe zimavulaza thanzi laumunthu.

3. Zomwe zimachitika zimakhala kuti masamba amawombera, pangakhale zifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba ndi kuthirira madzi okwanira, ena amakhala ndi matenda a tizilombo, pomwe tchire amafunika kufufuzidwa ndi kuwotchedwa.

Tomato amaonedwa kuti ndi mbewu yowawa kwambiri, makamaka ngati ikukula kumadera kumene kuli nyengo yobiriwira. Chifukwa amafunika kusamalidwa nthawi zonse. Kuwamvetsera kokha kungakhale ndi zipatso zokoma.